Structural Design I - ETH Z · PDF fileArches and cables - an inverted principle Wilhelm Riphahn, Fritz Leonhardt: Mülheimer bridge, Cologne, 1951 4

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Structural Design I

05.11.2015

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Course overview

Structural design I Structural design II

Structural design I+II

1. Introduction

2. Equilibrium and graphic static

3.+4. Cables

5. Cable-net and membrane struc-tures

7. Arches

8.+9. Vaults, domes and shells

11. Spatial arch-cable-structures

10. Arch-cable-structures

6. Materials and dimensioning

12. +13. Trusses 15.+16. Beams and frames

17. Spatial beams14. Spatial trusses

19. Columns

18. Bending

Arches

Arches and cables - an inverted principleThrust lineStiffening of arches by using prestressConcepts for stabilization Construction of thrust linesSpacial profiling

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Arches and cables - an inverted principle

Wilhelm Riphahn, Fritz Leonhardt: Mülheimer bridge, Cologne, 1951

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Robert Maillart: Valtschielbachbridge, Donath, 1925

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Arches and cables - an inverted principle 6


Gerd Lohmer, Fischer, Fritz Leonhardt: Severin bridge, Cologne, 1959

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Arches


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Thrust line 14

Robert Hooke, 1675

abcccddeeeeefggiiiiiiiillmmmmnnnnnooprrsssttttttuuuuuuuux

Thrust line 15

Robert Hooke, 1675


ut pendet continuum flexile, sic stabit contiguum rigidum inversum

Thrust line 16

Robert Hooke, 1675

„As hangs the flexible line, so but inverted will stand the rigid arch.“



Thrust line

Giovanni Poleni, 1748: Hooke’s guiding principles

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Robert Hooke, 1675



„As hangs the flexible line, so but inverted will stand the rigid arch.“

Thrust line 18

BA

BA

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q

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Thrust line

Different behavior of cables and arches for changeable life loads

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Arches


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Stiffening of arches by using prestress

Initital Case 1: Dead load

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A

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Initital Case 2: Dead load + Equally distributed life load

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-∆l+∆l

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Special Case: Dead load + Life load on one side

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Stiffening of arches by using prestress 24

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Form diagram

Free body diagram Force diagram

scale 1:200

no scale scale 1cm = 200kN

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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Form diagram


scale 1:200


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Arches


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Concepts for stabilization

Additional load

Stiffness of the arch

Stiffness of the carried element

Prestress

Planar tension stiffening

Spatial cable net/Membrane as stabilization

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Concepts for stabilization 37


Robert Maillart: Valtschielbachbridge, Donath, 1925

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Ralph Modjeski: San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, San Francisco, 1936



A Pomerantsev, V. Shukhov: State warehouse GUM, Moscow, 1893

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A Pomerantsev, V. Shukhov: State warehouse GUM, Moscow, 1893

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R. Brosi & Obrist and Partner, Peter Rice: Bus station Chur, 1992

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R. Brosi & Obrist and Partner, Peter Rice: Bus station Chur, 1992

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gmp Architekten, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Museum for history, Hamburg, 1989

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Frank Gehry Architects, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: DZ Bank, Berlin, 2001

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Peter Rice/ Arup: Pavilion of the Future, Sevilla, 1992









Arches


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Construction of thrust lines

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

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Case 1

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min

maxf

f

A B

max

L min

B

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B

min

q

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max

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Construction of thrust lines 56


Taq-i Kisra Palast (Ayvan-e Kasra), Asbanbar, near Baghdad, 550 n.Chr.

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Renzo Piano, Arup: Padre Pio Pilgrim Church, San Giovanni rotondo, 2004









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Vezelay Abbey, Burgundy, France, 11.Jh.

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68



69

A DB C

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Pont du Gard, Nimes, France, 1st century AD

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L. Laurana: Palazzo Dcuale, Urbino, 1472


Case 2

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Eiffel, T. Seyring: Maria Pia bridge, Porto, 1877

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Gustave Eiffel, M. Koechlin: Viadukt Garabit, Ruynes, 1884


Gustave Eiffel, M. Koechlin: Viadukt Garabit, Ruynes, 1884

b

t

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Case 3

80

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A

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1

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R 2

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1

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Robert Maillart: Salginatobel bridge, Schiers, 1930

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83



84



85



86



87



88



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90

EQ



Sir Horace Jones and Sir John Wolfe Barry: Tower Bridge, London, 1894

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Arches


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Spacial profiling 94

Spacial profiling

Boston Public Library

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Spacial profiling

McKim: National museum of natural History, Washington, 1910

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1

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Spacial profiling

Eugène Freyssinet: Hangar d‘Orly, Orly, France, 1923

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Spacial profiling

Eugène Freyssinet: Hangar d‘Orly, Orly, France, 1923

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Spacial profiling

Pier Luigi Nervi: Main hall Expo Turino, Italy, 1949

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Spacial profiling


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Spacial profiling


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13.60b

q g



Eladio Dieste: Cadyl Horizontal Silo, Young, Uruguay, 1978

15.15b

gq











Eladio Dieste: Gimnasio de Durazno, Durazno, Uruguay, 1975















Spacial profiling

Ildefonso Sanchez del Rio, Palacio de deportes, Oviedo, Spain, 1975

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Spacial profiling


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Spacial profiling


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Structural Design I - ETH Z · PDF fileArches and cables - an inverted principle Wilhelm Riphahn, Fritz Leonhardt: Mülheimer bridge, Cologne, 1951 4

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