Strings Theory

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Vethathirian Holistic Sciences Vethathirian Holistic Sciences

Strings Theory Strings Theory An Introduction An Introduction Vethathirian Science

The Realization unfolds a wondrous spectacle of all the stars and planets being none but the Absolute - All the living beings inhabiting the Earth are likewise the Absolute which is

the in-dwelling Self.

Swami Vethathiri Maharishi.


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The Standard Model of Quantum Mechanics

Quarks [Bound by Gluons]

Leptons

Photons

Fermlons: Fundamental particles that make all matter.

Quarks: Fundamental particles that make the proton and neutron of an atom.

Leptons: Fundamental Particle family Constituting Electron,Muons and Neutrinos.

Bosons: Fundamental Particles that carry all forces between matter.

Gluons: Particles that carry the strong forces (Force between two quarks).

Bosons: Particles that carry the weak forces in atoms.

Photons: Particles carrying all electro - magnetic forces (Ex:Light).

Gravitons: Not Observed.Particles believed to be responsible for gravitation.

Fundamental Particles in Standard Model


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Strong Force: This force takes care of

holding together of protons and neutrons.

Weak Force: This force causes certain

forms of Radioactivity in atoms.

Fundamental Forces in Standard Model

Electro- magnetic Force:

This force holds together the atoms and molecules.

Gravitational Force: This force is

believed to be holding together every galaxy.

Strong - Weak Forces.

Electro-Magnetic Forces

Electro-Magnetic Forces


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The draw back of the Standard Model:

Gravitons, one type of bosons could not be completely characterized to show that they exist to carry all gravitational forces in the universe.

However, attempts to extend the Standard Model

with gravitons run into serious theoretical difficulties at high energies (processes with energies close to or above the Planck scale) because of infinities

arising due to quantum effects.

- Experts on Standard Model.

If there are no gravitons,then how come this

thing is chasing me for the past half an hour?


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Why Strings Theory?

Today it is believed that the Standard Model is approximate and incomplete.

It does not incorporate the fourth and perhaps best-known force in nature: gravity.

This is believed to be

mediated by the exchange of gravitons,and due to problems of mathematical consistency, no one has ever been able to incorporate gravity into the Standard Model.

- Strings Theory Literatures.

Strings Theory

So, if there are no Gravitons, then what force causes

such spirals with in spirals in galaxies?

In the core of the larger spiral structure of NGC 1300, the nucleus shows its own

extraordinary and distinct "grand-design" spiral structure that is about 3,300 light-years long. Only galaxies with large-scale bars appear to have these grand-design inner disks - a spiral within a spiral . - Excerpt from NASA.


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Unified Force Theory Possible?

A unified theory would be a mathematical framework in which all the different kinds of forces and particles occur

naturally. We should not have to fix the masses and charges of particles from experiment

Einstein was among the earliest to propose that such a unified field theory must exist,and he struggled -- without success -- for most of his later life to find the right theory.Today we may be on the verge of realizing Einstein's dream with Strings Theory ...

- Experts on Unified Force Theory.

Strings Theory

May be Einsteins Cosmological Constant K Einsteins postulate on the innate internal energy of space is true?


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Strings Theory Postulates:

Postulate 1: The essential idea behind string theory is this: all of the different 'fundamental ' particles of

the Standard Model are really just different manifestations of one basic object: A string.

Explanation: We can ordinarily picture an electron, for instance, as a point with no internal structure. A point cannot do anything but move. In string theory, under an extremely powerful

'microscope' we can realize that the electron is not really a point, but a tiny loop of string

Strings Theory

A String


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Strings Theory Postulates: Postulate 2: The basic idea behind all string theories is that the fundamental constituents of reality are strings of extremely small scale (possibly Planck length,about 10-35 m) which vibrate at specific resonant frequencies.

Thus, any particle should be

thought of as a tiny vibrating object, rather than as a point.This object can vibrate in different modes, with every mode appearing as a different particle. Strings can split and combine, which would appear as particles emitting and absorbing other particles,presumably giving rise to the known interactions between particles.

Strings Theory

A String vibrating in all possible directions generating degrees of freedom.


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Strings Theory Postulates:

Explanation: A string can oscillate in different ways. If it oscillates a certain way, then from a distance, it is seen as an electron. But if it

oscillates some other way, then we call it a photon, or a quark.Assume a guitar string that has been tuned by stretching the string under tension across the guitar.Depending on how the string is plucked and how much tension is in the string, different musical notes will be created by the string. These musical notes could be said to be excitation modes of that guitar string under tension. In a similar manner, in string theory, the elementary particles we observe in particle accelerators could be thought of as the musical notes or excitation modes of elementary strings

Strings Theory

Strings Theory: Space as a Medium of tiny particles. Floating of a celestial body in space is represented above.


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Strings Theory The History:

Strings Theory

String theory was originally invented and explored during the late 1960s and early 1970s, to explain some peculiarities of the behavior of hadrons (subatomic particles such as the proton and neutron which experience the strong nuclear force). In particular, Yoichiro Nambu (and later Lenny Susskind and Holger Nielsen) realized in 1970 that the dual resonance model of strong interactions could be explained by a quantum mechanical model of strings .

During the mid-1970s it was discovered that the same mathematical formalism can be used to describe a theory of quantum gravity. This led to the development of bosonic string theory , which is still the version first taught to many students.

Between 1984 and 1986, physicists realized that string theory could describe all elementary particles and the interactions between them , and hundreds of them started to work on string theory as the most promising idea to unify theories of physics.This is known as the first superstring revolution.

Matrix of Strings leading to different oscillation patterns of Space-Time.


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Strings Theory The Key Mile Stones:

Strings Theory

In the 1990s, Edward Witten and others found strong evidence that the different superstring theories were different limits of a new 11-dimensional theory called M-theory. These discoveries sparked the second superstring revolution.

In the mid 1990s, Joseph Polchinski discovered that the theory requires the inclusion of higher-dimensional objects, called D- branes. These added an additional rich mathematical structure to the theory, and opened up many possibilities for constructing realistic cosmological models in the theory.

In 1995, at the annual conference of string theorists at the

University of Southern California (USC), Edward Witten gave his famous speech on string theory that essentially united the five string theories that existed at the time.

In 1997 Juan Maldacena conjectured a relationship between string theory and a gauge theory called N=4 super symmetric Yang-Mills theory. This conjecture, called the AdS/CFT correspondence has generated a great deal of interest in the field and is now well-accepted. It is a concrete realization of the holographic principle, which has far-reaching implications for black holes, locality and information in physics, as well as the nature of the gravitational interaction.

In superstring theory the extra dimensions of space time are sometimes conjectured to take

the form of a 6-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifold.


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Strings Theory

Strings Theory - The Future:

String theory remains to be verified. No version of string theory has yet made an experimentally verifiable prediction that differs from those made by other theories.

In this sense, string theory is still in a beginning stage. If such a theory could be proven then it is definitely Einsteins unified force theory come true

situation - Experts on Strings Theory.

In Einstein's day, the strong and weak forces

had not yet been discovered, but he found the existence of even two distinct forcesgravity and electromagnetismdeeply troubling.Einstein did not accept that nature is founded on such an extravagant design. This launched his 30-year voyage in search of the so-called unified field theory that he hoped would show that these two forces are really manifestations of one grand underlying principle. This quixotic quest isolated Einstein from the mainstream of physics, which, understandably, was far more excited about delving into the newly emerging framework of quantum mechanics. He wrote to

a friend in the early 1940s, "I have become a lonely old chap who is mainly known because he doesn't wear socks and who is exhibited as a curiosity on special occasions.

Einstein was simply ahead of his time. More

than half a century later, his dream of a unified theory has become the Holy Grail of modern physics. And a sizeable part of the physics and mathematics community is becoming increasingly convinced that string theory may provide the answer


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Appendix - Vethathirian Space Model

Appendix Appendix The Vethathirian The Vethathirian Space Model Space Model

Vethathirian Science


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Absolute Space is

1.Plenum 2.Omnipotent 3.Omniscient 4. Time.

Also it is,1.Omnipresent 2. Everlasting,3. All penetrative,4. Singular,5. Transparent,6. Imperceptible,7. Invisible,8. Dark Fluid Matter.



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Absolute space is at Kinematic

Quivering state.

Kinematic Quivering is exhibited as ever

increasing all surrounding self - compressive force.



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Self compressive all surrounding

Force resulting in fractionated infinitesimal portions (called as formative

dust particles) of the absolute space.



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Clustering of formative dust particles due to

self compressive all surrounding force of the absolute space.

Mass of a cluster is due to the formative dust particles.



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First ever formed infinitesimal primary energy particle, called as

Vethan at self whirling state due to the all surrounding self compressive force

of the absolute space.

Energy of a particle is due to

its whirling in space.



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Few particles at the outer periphery of the

vethan leaving the surface boundary due to centrifugal forces caused

by the self whirling .Leaving particles disperse in the immediate absolute space.



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Such a dispersion causes one primary energy particle to repel any other primary energy particle that may come closer. Such a repulsion force is called as magnetism / spreading magnetic wave / Yogon wave.



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While the all surrounding self compressive force of the absolute space compresses two or more energy particles together,each energy particle repels the other one due to its magnetism.



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Resultant force due to the Repulsion of the

energy particles and Self compressive surrounding force of the absolute

space enables one energy particle to rotate around another in a defined orbit.



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P N

e

e

Atom is the first equilibrium state caused due to particles magnetism and absolute spaces all surrounding self-compressive force.

Vethans as a function of their spinning velocity,capability to repel, whirling duration in space and mass obtain names such as electron, neutron and proton etc.



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When a particle cluster is formed,Kinematic quivering of space through its non-uniform all surrounding self compressive force pushes all the particles towards the vortex.

As a result heavier particles move towards the vortex faster and lighter particles occupy the outer periphery.This is specific gravity principle .



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Atomic Patterns formed out of magnetism and self compressive force of the absolute space.

Further Elements,Molecules,Compounds were formed in stages in the absolute space.



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Strings Theory

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Strings Theory

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