Strigolactones: host recognition signals Strigolactones: host recognition signals Strigolactones: host recognition signals Strigolactones: host recognition signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Hideo Hayashi and Kohki Akiyama Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University ISC 2008, Padjadjaran University, 31 October
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Kalanchoe pinnata Kalanchoe daigremontiana x tubiflora
Bryophyllin C Methyl daigremonate
1) Unang Supratman, T. Fujita, K. Akiyama, H. Hayashi, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 64646464, 1310-1312 (2000).2) Unang Supratman, T. Fujita, K. Akiyama, H. Hayashi, Phytochemicstry, 58585858, 311-314 (2001).
New anti-brine shrimp compounds from Indonesian mushroom
HN
H
O
H
OCH3
OH
H
OO
OH
Microporellus subsessilis
10-phenyl-[11]-cytochalasans
Dikdik Kurnia, K. Akiyama, H. Hayashi, Phytochemistry, 68686868, 697-702 (2007).
for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal for arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungifungifungifungi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi
・belong to the phylum Glomeromycota.
・ colonize the roots of 80% of terrestrial plants.
・ existed 400 million years ago (early Denovian)1)・ existed 400 million years ago (early Denovian)1)
460 million years ago (Ordovician)2)
when plants first colonized land.
・ obligate symbionts; the fungi have not been cultured in the absence of a plant host.
1) W. Remy, T.N. Taylor, H. Hass, and H. Kerp, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91919191, 11841-11843 (1994).2) D. Redecker, R. Kodner, and L.E. Graham, Science 289289289289, 1920-1921 (2000).
Life cycle of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
SugarSugarSugarSugarHyphaHyphaHyphaHypha
ArbusculeArbusculeArbusculeArbuscule
PiPiPiPi
HHHH2222OOOO
SugarSugarSugarSugar
SporeSporeSporeSpore
External hyphaExternal hyphaExternal hyphaExternal hyphaPromotion of growthEnhancement of resistance against pathogens
Enhancement of drought tolerance
Increase of yield
Mycorrhizal structures in Lotus japonicus roots
Mycorrhizal rootNon-mycorrhizal root
stained with trypan blue
Hyphal branching: host recognition response of AM fungi
Spore ofSpore ofSpore ofSpore ofG. giganteaG. giganteaG. giganteaG. giganteagerminated on germinated on germinated on germinated on gelled M medium gelled M medium gelled M medium gelled M medium
“Hyphal branching” bioassay developed by Nagahashi and Douds “Hyphal branching” bioassay developed by Nagahashi and Douds “Hyphal branching” bioassay developed by Nagahashi and Douds “Hyphal branching” bioassay developed by Nagahashi and Douds
Solid phase extraction of BF from hydroponic solution of L. japonicus
Activated charcoalActivated charcoalActivated charcoalActivated charcoalL. japonicusL. japonicusL. japonicusL. japonicus BBBB----129 Gifu129 Gifu129 Gifu129 Gifugrown hydroponicallygrown hydroponicallygrown hydroponicallygrown hydroponicallyin M medium (Pi 35 mM)in M medium (Pi 35 mM)in M medium (Pi 35 mM)in M medium (Pi 35 mM)
Isolation procedure for BFfrom root exudates of L. japonicus
Charcoal cartridge (hydroponic solution 20 L)
- placed in aquarium water pump for 3 days- eluted with acetone
StrigolactonesStrigolactonesStrigolactonesStrigolactonesseed germination stimulants for the parasiticseed germination stimulants for the parasiticseed germination stimulants for the parasiticseed germination stimulants for the parasiticweeds weeds weeds weeds StrigaStrigaStrigaStriga and and and and OrobancheOrobancheOrobancheOrobanche