Stress Report

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Stress – a person’s adaptive response to a stimulus that paces excessive psychological or physical demands on that person

Forms of stress: Distress Eustress

Model of Stress

Potential Sources of Stress Environmental Factors

o Economic uncertainties of the business cycleo Political uncertainties of political systemso Technological uncertainties of technical innovations

Organizational Factors Task demands related to the job Role demands of functions in an organization Interpersonal demands created by other employees Physical demands – stressors associated with the job’s physical setting

Individual Factors Family and personal relationships Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity Personality problems arising from basic disposition Ability to handle Stress

Individual Differences Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the individual’s future Greater job experience moderates stress effects Social support buffers job stress Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress

Symptoms of Stress (Consequences) Physiological

Sudden headaches The inability to relax or sleep

properly Stiff neck and shoulder Extreme fatigue Gastro-intestinal problems including

constipation, indigestion and diarrhea Loss of appetite

Psychological Job dissatisfaction boredom

Feeling out of control/helplessness Tearfulness or anger Irritability or aggressiveness Low self-esteem and lack of

confidence Behavioral

Changes in productivity Absence, turnover Tendency to talk, eat, walk fast Inability to concentrate Indecisiveness Tendency to be short-tempered

Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance

Stress Management Strategies: Individual Approaches

o Time managemento Physical exerciseo Relaxation trainingo Social support

Organizational Approacheso Selection and placement – individuals with less experience or an external locus of control tend to

be more stress-proneo Goal settingo Job redesign – giving employees more responsibility, more meaningful work, more autonomy and

increased feedback can reduce stresso Participative decision making – increase employee control and reduce role stresso Organizational communication – shape employee perceptionso Wellness program – focus on the employee’s total physical and mental condition

CAREER MANAGEMENT

Definition (Ball, 1997)1. Making career choices and decisions – the traditional focus of careers interventions2. Managing the organizational career – concerns the career management tasks of individuals within the

workplace

3. Managing 'boundary-less' careers – refers to skills needed by workers whose employment is beyond the boundaries of a single organization

4. Taking control of one's personal development – as employers take less responsibility, employees need to take control of their own development

Organizational Career Managemento Tracking career pathso Developing career ladderso Monitoring special groupso Organizational career planningo Job needs

Value of Organizational Career Managemento Needed talent poolo High talent workers

Attract Retain

o Growth, development opportunities Minorities Women

o Reduce employee frustrationo Enhance cultural diversityo Promote organizational goodwill

Career Management Best Practices (Branham)o Providing employee assessment and career planning workshops.o Conducting career coaching workshops for managers.o Establishing employee career centers.o Giving open business briefings.o Creating an internal network of information providers.o Maintaining internal job and talent banks.o Establishing individual learning accounts.o Starting a mentoring program.

TIME MANAGEMENT

Keys to Time Managemento Focus

Put in writing Find out what time means to

you Identify your values Create a vision

o Plan Use personal planning system Set goals Plan backward prioritize

o Organize Have a place for everything Keep a clean desk

o Take action

Overcome procrastination Learn to say NO Be punctual Reduce information overload Minimize interruptions Do one thing at a time Take risks Delegate more/better Hold better meetings Communicate strategically

o Learn Experiment Review and reflect Give and get feedback Measure results Manage stress and well-being