stress management

a tour of new features

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Rohit Premakar12/PMB/004

Work Stress and Its Management

Stress

A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.Stress

strain felt by somebody: mental, emotional, or physical strain caused, e.g. by anxiety or overwork. It may cause such symptoms as raised blood pressure or depression”

Work Stress and Its Management

Constraints

Forces that prevent individuals from doing what they desire.

Demands

STRESS

Stressors Psychological

Behavioral

Physiological

Potential Sources of Stress

• Environmental Factors– Economic uncertainties of the business cycle

– Political uncertainties of political systems

– Technological uncertainties of technical innovations

– Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security

Potential Sources of Stress

• Organizational Factors– Task demands related to the job

– Role demands of functioning in an organization

– Interpersonal demands created by other employees

– Organizational structure (rules and regulations)

– Organizational leadership (managerial style)

– Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)

Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)

• Individual Factors– Family and personal relationships– Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity– Personality problems arising for basic disposition

• Individual Differences– Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the individual’s

future.– Greater job experience moderates stress effects.– Social support buffers job stress.– Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress.– Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job stress.

Consequences of Stress

High Levelsof Stress

High Levelsof Stress

PhysiologicalSymptoms

PhysiologicalSymptoms

BehavioralSymptoms

BehavioralSymptoms

PsychologicalSymptoms

PsychologicalSymptoms

Consequences

• Attitudinal• Behavioral• Interpersonal

A Model of Stress

Top 10 Life Stressors

10. Retirement or quitting9. Marital reconciliation8. Fired from work7. Marriage6. Personal injury or illness5. Death of a family member4. Jail Term3. Marital Separation2. Divorce1. Death

Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance

Stress and Occupations

Accountant

Artist

Auto Mechanic

Forester

Low-StressOccupations

High-StressOccupations

Hospital manager

Physician (GP)

Psychologist

School principal

Police officer

911 operator

U.S. president

Waiter/waitress

Medium-StressOccupations

Managing Stress

• Individual Approaches– Implementing time management– Increasing physical exercise– Relaxation training– Expanding social support network

Managing Stress

• Organizational Approaches– Improved personnel selection and job placement– Training– Use of realistic goal setting– Redesigning of jobs– Increased employee involvement– Improved organizational communication– Offering employee sabbaticals– Establishment of corporate wellness programs

Family-Friendly and Work/Life Initiatives

• Flexible work time• Job sharing • Telecommuting• Personal leave• Childcare facilities

Other Stress Management Practices

• Withdrawing from the stressor– person-job matching– work breaks, stabilization zones, sabbaticals

• Changing stress perceptions– self-efficacy, self-leadership

• Controlling stress consequences– relaxation and meditation– fitness and lifestyle programs

• Social support– emotional and informational