Stress and Energy Stress and Energy Waves Waves Movement during an Movement during an Earthquake Earthquake
Stress and Energy WavesStress and Energy Waves
Movement during an EarthquakeMovement during an Earthquake
October 17, 1989 at 5:04 p.m October 17, 1989 at 5:04 p.m
StressStress
• Stress: Energy stored in the Earth’s crust
• Stress can build up at plate boundaries.
• Potential Energy
FoldingFolding
• Too much stress can cause the rocks to bend or Fold.
• This can form Mountains.
• The Appalachian mountains are folded mountains.
The Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains (Tennessee) (Tennessee)
FaultingFaulting
• When there is too much stress, the rocks in the crust may break.
• This can cause earthquakes.
Fault LinesFault Lines
Seismic WavesSeismic Waves
• Waves of energy that move through the Earth during an Earthquake.
• There are three types:– Primary waves– Secondary waves– Love-Rayleigh waves
Primary (P) wavesPrimary (P) waves
• Body waves move through the interior of the Earth.
• They are the fastest seismic wave, therefore will always arrive first.
• Move through solid, liquid and gas.
• They are compression waves, they move particles forward and backward.
S wavesS waves
• Also body waves. • Travel more slowly and
arrive second. • Can only move through
solids. • Also called shear waves,
because they move particles side to side.
• AKA transverse waves.
Love-Rayleigh WavesLove-Rayleigh Waves
• Surface waves.• Solid rock only.• Move in a rolling
motion.• Cause ripples on the
surface.
Seismology and Seismic WavesSeismology and Seismic Waves