Strengthening Linkages and Facilitating Trade, Skills & Knowledge Transfer -- The Potential of the Diasporas Wanja Michuki CEO, The Highland Tea Company October 6, 2006
Mar 27, 2015
Strengthening Linkages and Facilitating Trade, Skills & Knowledge Transfer
--The Potential of the Diasporas
Wanja MichukiCEO, The Highland Tea Company
October 6, 2006
Facilitating Access of Local Companies to Overseas Markets
What Has Been Done…
Local Trade Assistance Workshops for Value-Added Products(e.g. USAID: Kenyan tea companies; textiles)
- Workshops educating local companies on:- Marketing strategies- price, placement, promotion- Distributors and retailers- US national trade regulations (FDA, Bio-terrorism regulations;
product classification coding, etc…)- Export Process (shipping clearing)
Overseas Trade Shows- Product exposure to the trade (consumers, brokers, distributors,
retailers)- Supermarkets and Foodservice tours- Pre-arranged meetings with distributors
Product Representation- No facility created to promote continual representation i.e. a
point person (s) to engage brokers, distributors and retailers in overseas markets after workshops and trade shows
Adequate Market Readiness- Trade assistance programs do not discuss marketing
budgets required to support products (demonstrations; promotional discounts; slotting fees; advertising fees)
- Limited partnership structures that can facilitate consumer product exposure (word of mouth; PR, or media campaigns)
- Sub-par local capacity to produce products at an acceptable standard for the American consumer
Inland Supply Chain Management- No contacts with warehouses; fulfillment centers; shipping
companies resulting in poor distribution systems
What Has Not Been Done…
Diaspora Participation in Trade Programs
- Diaspora are not included in trade assistance programs therefore no cross border linkages are established at the end of most trade assistance programs to create a foothold in target markets
Limited formal organization of Diaspora groups with aligned trade interests
- Diaspora groups must be self-selecting based on time, similar interests and capital availability to support ongoing marketing and distribution
- Diaspora groups need to be identifiable and easily accessible
Financial capital for effective marketing and product placement
Timely market-response information and ability to respond quickly to market trends (e.g. Fair Trade and Organic-mania)
Limited ability to compete with US-based peers due to lack of access to grants or concessions that are available to US-companies
What Is Missing…
Inclusion of Diaspora (entrepreneurs or otherwise) in Trade Assistance Programs
- Establish networks with Diaspora nationals when trade delegations come to the US for Trade shows
- Notify Diaspora members when workshops are being held in home countries
Identification and Organization of Diaspora Groups- Overseas representation of local company interests: tax
identification; marketing; trade associations - Lobbying groups for preferential treatment that reduces
capital costs of market entry (e.g. minority certification status provides exemption of slotting fees)
- Linkages to US-businesses in related industries through personal and professional networks
- Access to capital- Provision of a direct consumer base
What should be addressed in policy…
Collective organization of Entrepreneurs in Home Countries
- Enables economies of scale and shared costs of supply chain management e.g. consolidated shipping; warehousing; and fulfillment
- Create marketing and distribution efficiencies e.g. presentation of a “basket of goods” rather than specific products to brokers; distributors; and retailers
Industry promotion within trade missions of Embassies- Industry promotion in partnership with overseas marketing
agencies that know the markets and can position products adequately
Overseas Financial Assistance or Grant Programs - Enable effective industry-specific market penetration and still
promote healthy competition- Provide incentives for entrepreneurship
What should be addressed in policy…contd.
Tapping into the Diasporas….
Entrepreneurs
Diaspora Nationals
Create value-adding EX markets
Market intelligence, networks, markets, global partnerships; programs with governments and trade organizations
Repatriation of investment funds for entrepreneurial ventures and/ or value added to target communities e.g. MDG aligned projects
Success Stories
Value-addition in EX markets ….
Kenyan Tea
Ghanaian Chocolate
Zambian Pepper Sauces
Tanzanian Coffee
…and the creation of social equity in home countries…
Examples… Model Variety
Highland Tea Co. Incorporated in both Kenyan and USA; Fair Trade partnership with Kenyan tea farmers
Divine Chocolates Ghanaian-based Fair Trade farmer Co-operative in partnership with UK-based trading company
Elephant Pepper Zambian-based Fair Trade enterprise with US representation
Equal Exchange US-based Fair Trade company with farmer partnerships in Guatemala, Nicaragua and El-Salvador
Meeting MDGs by 2015 will require a more productive and profitable agricultural sector…
MDG 8: Global
Partnership
MDG 7: Environmental Sustainability
MDG 6: HIV AIDS & Malaria MDG 5:
Maternal Health
MDG 4:Child
Mortality
MDG 3: Gender Equality
MDG 2: UPE
MDG 1: Poverty & Hunger
Agriculture
Panel Discussion Points…
1. Placing Social Enterprises on the policy agenda of the UN members as powerful agents for the attainments of economic and social development goals
2. Create organizational structures to facilitate networking between home country entrepreneurs and the Diaspora (and amongst the Diaspora) for business partnerships; representation and sharing of market intelligence
3. Governments to create enabling start-up environments for social enterprises (e.g. ease of starting a business, facilitating exports)
4. Governments to provide financial support (e.g. small business loans; matching of funds) for industry-specific export-led growth as an incentive for local and Diaspora entrepreneurs
Discussion