8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
1/11
DUS2022LECTUREThe Contro\ of WeaPons
of Mass Destruction
e Oxfod UnileBityPrcss,20l0. ll i!ht5 ese^'ed.
Weaoon f MassDestructionArmsControl
- WMD= A collective erm which used or
three classes f weapons ystems: uclearweaDons. ioloqical chemical eapons.Also' . k.a ABClatomic, BiologicalChemica)
' WMDdistinquished rom conventional
weaoon n tErms of i ts collateral amageooteintial lsoDotential s deterrentbotential .
. Arms Control= he reduction r abolit ion farmaments. t may be unilateral rmu ti lateral; eneral r local;comorehensiie r partial; ontrolled runccintrolled.
OOxlordUni!e*ityPres. ?010.Allrights csctued.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
2/11
Weaoon fMassDestructionArmsControl
. Restraint nternationally xercised ponarms policv- evel, haracter, eploymentoI use,
- the exercise f restraint n acquisit ion,deDlovment use of military apaDi.l l t les 'Mdasures hat enable ctors o conductthEmse[ves n a more estrained ay. E.g.developing echnical f crisismanagement '
- Knownaspersistence eatures of IR &
deterrencd olicy re valuable positivemeans f coercive iPlomacy'
- Rise ssue of disarmamentnon
oro iferation.O OxlordUnivcr5ily ,cst 20l0 All i9hts cscNcd.
Armscontrol
- Growing is i l lus ionmenti tharmscontro'. Disarmament s. arms control
ag eements. ' Late1950s new hinking" ndarms
control heorY- Making he system f deterrence ore
effective
e OxlordUniversity res, 0l 0 All iqhts escrved
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
3/11
The CubanMissile risis. Cris is ighl ightedhe danger f
escalat ion miscalculat ion uringmilitaryconfrontation intensepol i t icalnstabi l i ty
- Provided ddi t ional omentum orarms control-"Hot l ine"agreement etween he
superpowers Moscow Washington- Partial est Ban Treaty 1963)
O Oxfod UnivcsityPress, 010.Allrights ese^,ed-
The CubanMissile risis
- Highl ightedssue f nuclear est ing.' ' US, Britain,SU agreed on partial
Test Ban Treaty n Aug, 1963.. '
Prohibi t l l nuclear est n theatmosphere ut al low tunderqround.
cOxford University rts. 2010. All,iqh!s cscrvcd.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
4/11
ColdWar nuclear rms ontrol..SALT
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- Anti-Ballist ic issile reaty 1972)- Controversy ver qualitative ssues
. SALT I (1979) unrat i f ied ndfai led o s tem he nuclear rms ace
. INF(Intermediate-Range uclearForces reaty)1987
,9 OxlordUnivcrsity re$.2010. llright5 cservl]d.
ColdWar nuclear rmscontrol. AC heorist ntend o work within he
prevailing ystem of nucleadeterrence ather han ry to abolishi t .
. ,Arms control was designed o"strengthen he oPeration f thebalance f mil i tarY ower gainstdisruptive ffects f arms dynamics'Esp. arms competi t ion, rms acing& technological eveloPment
COxfordU ive15ityPfes5,2010.Allr iqht \reseN.d.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
5/11
Keypoints
' The ate 1940s and early 1950s aw aorowinq isi l lusionment i thdisarmament ndealingiwithhe problems osed y WMD.
' The ate 1950s brought new hinking"& thedevelopment f the theory of arms control.. The aims of arms controlwas o make he
preva\\\ng system mork more effecttve\y
' The Cuban missile risis shered n a new'golden ge'of arms control greements.
. By he late 1970s, owever rms control san approach o peace & security acedincreasing roblems.
o OxtordUnivctsily rcs, ?010. Alltighrt crcn'.d
Armscontrol nd Peace
- Didarms control ontribute o the"longpeace"?
- Case hat arms control greementsplayed role n es tabl ishing ndmaintaininq orms fsta te ehaviour
I OxfordniveBity .es ,2010. l l r iqht!cre^ ' .d .
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
6/11
OtherColdWararms ontrol
- BiologicalWeapons onvention(BWc)
' Graduated eductionnTension(GRIT)type initiatives
sOxfod Univc6ityrcss, 010. ll iqhts.eserued.
Armscontrolafter he Cold War
-START and II
' Strategic Arms Reduction reaties- Joint Statement n TransDarencv nd
Irreversibility- START I Protocol- CFE reaty 1990)
eOxto.d Unive6ity rcs!, 010.Alld9ht5.eeeNed.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
7/11
Armscontrol fter he ColdWar(cont)
- Increasing iff icul tyn achievingarms control progress n the late1990s and afterward- Russian uma and START I and ts
Protocol- US Senate ejection of the
Comprehensive est Ban Treaty (CTBT)
O Orford Univc6rty .css.2010. llri!ht5 .ar!.d
Armscontrol fter he ColdWar(cont)
- Uti l i tvof t radi t ional ' rms controlgenerally erceived o have declinedbecause f changing nternat ionaenvironment , special ly f ter9/11
- However, Strategic OffensiveReductionsTreaty SORT) igned
- Slow prog ess
g OxfordUnive6ityPar, 20 0 All ights csen'ed
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
8/11
KeyPoints- The end of the CW brouoht maior debateabout whether rms conlrol id dr did not
contribute ignificantly o global eace., Suppo_rtersiewed t as ' the high road o
. Ooponents roued hat t Dlaved itt leDartin keeping hd peace uring he cold dar,
- A less tark udoment s that arms controlplaved omei ait in preventinq ll-outwarbut ' i t did not siqnificantlvmpiovesrelations urinq-the ime's f intensehostil i ty etwean ast & West.
O Oxford ni\'c.s'tv rcsr.1010. llri0ht5e!craed.
KeyPoints.The post CW period aw a flurry of
arms control agreements,. ' Despite he lessening f hostility
between he US & Russia, owever,progress was slow & intermittent.
- Gradual ly he ut i l i tyof arms controlwas perceived o have decl ined nthe changed nternat ionaenviron ent whichemergedespecial ly f ter9/11.
c Oxford ni leBny res ,2010. l l r ighlrcs . tucd.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
9/11
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
10/11
Strategic esponse ooroliferation
Osirak 1981) , he Persian ulf War(1991) , and Deser t Fox 1998)Preventive s. pre-emptive trategiesProliferation ecurity n tiative PSI)How o tackle potential roliferators
O Oxfo.dUnivc6ity tess,2010. llr:ghts cacNid.
Keypoints
- Preventive trategies re directed tthe process f proliferation, nd aim tosnuffout development r acquis i t ion fWMD.
- Pre emptive strategies re directed tthe deployed weapons and/or acilities,and aim to prevent heir use n war.
- Preventive pre emptive strategieshave been used separately, rcombined s n the 1991 GulfWar.
o Oxford nivcAity res.2010. llriqhts c\erv.d.
8/9/2019 Strategic Stdy -5 Ctrl of WMD
11/11
Keypoints
. Finding polit icalogic nto whichpreventive r pre-emptive ction an befit ted has not always een easy.
' Pre emptive operations end o find heirrationale nd eqitimacv n the context fan ongoingwar,-such s he 1991 GulfWar oDerations.
- Preventive perations an ind their looicin the international orms urroundino-WMD, uch as he Proliferation ecuriivinit iative, r in an existino trateoicdoctrine uch as Israel 's t tack o-n Osirak.
O Oxford niversity res5,2010. llightr rere .d.