Strategic Research and Development Agenda, NAREI

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL

RESEARCH AND EXTENSION

INSTITUTE (NAREI)

Strategic Research and Development Agenda (SRDA),

2013-2017

REPOSITIONING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH,

DEVELOPMENT, EXTENSION & PLANT

QUARANTINE

`

National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute (NAREI) Mon Repos, East Coast Demerara, Guyana, web: www.narei.org.gy

500

5500

10500

15500

20500

Production (MT)

2008

2009

2010

20 320 620 920

1220 1520 1820 2120 2420

Export volume (MT)

2008

2009

2010

Compiled by D. P. Singh and O. Homenauth

Year of publication: January 2013

Copyright © National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute (NAREI), 2013. All rights

are reserved. NAREI holds the copyright for this publication. However, it can be shared and

duplicated for noncommercial purposes once NAREI is properly cited. For any clarification,

please contact the CEO of NAREI at, [email protected]

Published by Chief Executive Officer, NAREI, Mon Repos, EC Demerara

Suggested Citation

NAREI. 2013. Strategic Research and Development Agenda, NAREI, 2013-2017.

NAREI. 60 pp.

The NAREI Strategic Research and Development Agenda (SRDA), 2013-2017

describes the activities the Institute will conduct over a period of five year (2013-

2017) and the road map to fulfill these commitments. This Strategic Plan

outlines the Institute’s priorities and directions for the medium term. The Plan

will guide the Institute’s own management and operations during the five year

period. It also includes mechanisms for monitoring and assessing its progress.

The main purpose of SRDA is for internal activity planning (with a rolling five

year horizon) and for reporting to the Government of Guyana.

New Vision

To ensure food security, prosperity and livelihoods of all, using

technological innovations in agriculture

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

Minister Hon. Dr. Leslie Ramsammy

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS (2012-13)

Mr. Rajaindra Singh Chairman

Directors

Major General (Retd.) Joe Singh

Ms. Holly Greaves

Dr. Mahendra Persaud

Mr. Brian Greenidge

Ms. Gitangali Chandarpal

Mr. Gavindra Ramnarain

Dr. Oudho Homenauth CEO

Dr. Theodosius Velloza

Dr. Maxine Parris-Aaron

Mr. George Jervis Permanent Secretary

Dr. Peter de Groot

Mr. Cecil Seepersaud

Mr. Shyam Nokta

Ms. Prema Ramanah-Roopnarine

Dr. Suresh Narine

Ms. Kalima Ali

Mr. Basudeo Dwarka DCEO, Secretary

Table of contents

Acronyms

Foreword 1

Executive Summary 2-5

Background 6-8

I VISION, MISSION, APPROACH AND ASPIRATIONAL TARGETS 9-13

II. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (2013-2017) 14-28

III. STATEMENT OF APPROACH 29-31

Strategic framework 32-35

Strategic objectives 36-37

IV. MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SRDA, 2013-2017 38-41

V. PATHWAYS TO IMPACT 42-44

VI. CHANGES IN CULTURE AT NAREI 45-46

VII. FUNDING FOR THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (2013-2017) 47

VIII. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING/SUPPORT 48-50

IN CONCLUSION 51

SCHEDULE FOR STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 52-56

APPENDIX I. New Organisational Chart of NAREI 57

APPENDIX II. Proposed Organogram for the Extension Services 58

APPENDIX III Proposed Organogram for the Quarantine Services 59

APPENDIX IV. Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD) 60

ACRONYMS

ADP - Agricultural Diversification Programme

AFS - Agribusiness and Facilitation Services

AHFSS - Agricultural Health & Food Safety Services

ASSP - Agriculture Support Services Programme

AGRO 2015 Plan - AGRO 2003-2015 Plan for Agriculture and Rural Life of

the Americas

CARICOM - Caribbean Community

CBD - Convention on Biological Diversity

ESU - Extension Services Unit

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

GABA - Guyana Agribusiness Association

GAPs - Good Agricultural Practices

GUYSUCO - Guyana Sugar Corporation

GOG - Government of Guyana

IDB - Inter-American Development Bank

IAST - Institute of Applied Science and Technology

IICA - Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture

IMOD - Inclusive Market-Oriented Development

IPPC - International Plant Protection Convention

JI - Jagdeo Initiative

LAC - Latin America and the Caribbean

MDGs - Millennium Development Goals

MOA - Ministry of Agriculture

NARI - National Agricultural Research Institute

NAREI - National Agricultural Research & Extension Institute

NCS - Guyana’s National Competitiveness Strategy

NGMC - New Guyana Marketing Corporation

PGR - Plant Genetic Resources

PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

PSE - Private Sector Entrepreneurship

SAP - Sugar Action Plan

SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures

SRDA - Strategic Research and Development Agenda

UG - University of Guyana

WTO - World Trade Organization

National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute, SRDA, 2013-2017

1

FOREWORD

Research and extension are crucial for development and achieving the required growth rate of

agriculture. In conducting research, ‘education’ generates ‘new knowledge’ which in turn

develops ‘new technologies’. These technologies when taken appropriately to the farmers and

other stakeholders result in ‘profit generation’ and in this way the ‘dividends’ are harnessed by

stakeholders down the line. The spending in agriculture research therefore is quite profitable and

many folds. Agriculture in Guyana contributes 25% in country’s economy, generates 33%

employment both at rural and urban levels, women empowerment and is critical in maintaining

rural development. Food and nutritional security is also important for proper peace and human

resource development. The National Agricultural Research & Extension Institute (NAREI) is the

premier Research and Extension Institute in the field crops (excluding rice and sugarcane), fruits

and vegetables, bio fuels as well as for plant quarantine services. The Strategic Research and

Development Strategy of the newly created NAREI, earlier known as National Agricultural

Research Institute (NARI) was initiated to provide decision makers, policy planners and the

scientific community at large with a road map to achieve short (2013) and medium (2017) term

goals in R & D, extension and quarantine services.

The NARI was established 28 years ago, for developing and extending the necessary technology

and support services to facilitate national agricultural development. During 2010, with the passing

of new Act of NAREI in Parliament, its research and development programmes have been re-

oriented keeping in view of the Acts, national and global changes as well as aiming to promote

greater efficiency in the crops and agricultural product industry, to provide enhanced services in

agricultural research and extension and crop protection, regulation of trade, commerce and export

of crops and agricultural products.

Among its basic functions, NAREI is tasked with advising and developing appropriate systems to

promote balanced, diversified and sustained agricultural production through adaptive and

investigative research. In addition to broad research and development activities for Guyana’s

agricultural sector, NAREI is also responsible for transferring the technology it has developed to

farmers, students, extension personnel, etc.

In synthesizing the current Research and Development Strategy, a holistic approach to

agricultural development in Guyana was examined taken into consideration ‘The Guyana Vision

for Agriculture, 2020’ by Hon. Dr. Leslie Ramsammy, Minister of Agriculture and the ‘Jagdeo

Initiative’. This approach has taken cognizance of the fact that agriculture would continue to be a

strategic sector in the Guyanese economy in the medium tom long term basis for poverty

reduction, food security, women empowerment, and income and employment generation at both

urban and rural levels, diversity of food in plate, reduced imports and enhanced exports of

agricultural produce. Further, it was recognized that agriculture would play a major role in the

provision of inputs for other sectors of the economy such as agribusiness and agro-industry. The

impacts of climate change, low carbon development strategy and overall change in global

economic environment on agriculture of Guyana has also been taken into consideration in the

synthesis of SRDA document.

I thank all my colleagues of NAREI for their support in the preparation of this document. Few

inputs taken from strategic documents, reports and data base of FAO, ICRISAT, ICAR, CARDI

etc. are also thankfully acknowledged.

Oudho Homenauth,

Chief Executive Officer


2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Agriculture in Guyana is the pivotal sector for ensuring food and nutritional security,

sustainable development and for income generation. It is also the key sector for

employment opportunities for the vast majority of the rural and urban population. This

sector is witnessing radical changes and challenges at the national and global levels. The

demand for agricultural commodities is steeply rising with changes in food preferences of

the next-generation consumers both at the national and regional levels. Such emerging

situation of new challenges and opportunities calls for a paradigm shift in the innovation

driven agricultural research system to provide fruits of inventions with all the

stakeholders in the entire food supply chain. In order to make the agriculture sector more

remunerative and sustainable, there is a need to evolve effective mechanisms for

technology delivery and to enhance capacity of all stakeholders in the invention-

innovation continuum.

The National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute (NAREI) is an apex

organization meant for spearheading agricultural research and extension activities for

productivity enhancement and diversification of Guyanese agriculture in case of non-

traditional crops. The initiatives taken by the NAREI have led to accomplishments in

natural resource management, input use efficiency, climate resilience and economic

transformation of farmers though technological interventions. The science-led and

technology driven agriculture coupled with support of government policies will further

accelerate the growth of agriculture sector. The present document, SRDA, 2013-2017

articulates the strategies to be used and the road-map for NAREI to overcome the

challenges and ways to use opportunities by using the power of science and taking

advantage of partnerships with different stakeholders in the food supply chain to

transform Guyanese agriculture towards prosperity.

The major successes during implementation of the SRDA, 2008-2012 of NARI/NAREI,

were in key areas such as, the crop diversification from large volume low income to low

volume high income crops such as spices and other cash crops, new vegetables, IPM

approach for managing biotic stresses, proactive approach to deal with exotic pests and

diseases, procurement and evaluation of exotic germplasm of field crops, coconut

revitalization programme, detailing of new frame work within which all staff can work;

focus on key selected commodities (4Ps and 1C to promote export) and dissemination of

technology through close collaboration of extension network in different regions. The

recent trends in global economy and climate, the implementation of new Acts (NAREI,

Seed, Plant Protection), change in mandate of the institute, policies and priorities of

Guyana related to food and nutritional security, energy and price volatility, the financial

“roller coaster”, etc. stressed the need of projecting a new SRDA for the next five years

(2013-2017).

.

The Strategic Plan of NAREI (2013-2017) envisions NAREI being the major facilitator

for a prosperous, food-secure and environmentally sustainable Guyana. To achieve it, we

are aiming to enhance agricultural productivity and quality of produce through generation

and dissemination of newer and efficient technologies and services, reduced import of

agri produce and products, reduced malnutrition, less environmental degradation and


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enhanced export of surplus, keeping in view change in global and business environments.

Our Approach will be through coordinated and partnership-based agricultural research-

for-development that embodies Harnessing Science with Proper Equity to All in Guyana

and the CARICOM region. Enabling crop diversification with high-value specialty

crops, integrated farming systems and resource conserving technologies for improving

productivity will be worked out and refined. Likewise, emphasis will be on problem-

solving, inter-disciplinary and eco-regional approaches and knowledge generation. The

technologies aiming for mitigation of climate change and adaptation strategies for

agriculture under such change will be worked out. The greatest challenges to research in

Guyana had been in getting the technologies to farmers who need these most. The

integration of extension and research in new structure of NAREI paves a way forward to

disseminate agricultural technologies through women’s groups, farmers’ unions and

cooperatives, among other approaches. The two way flow of information between

NAREI and stakeholders, especially the resource-poor farmers, women and the youth

will influence the research activities to be conducted and serve in a better way.

Changing attitude- pessimism to possibility

The conventional view on the nontraditional crops in Guyana has long been one of

pessimism. These areas are seen as secondary crops after rice and sugarcane, resource-

poor and adhoc that are often considered by people as, source of extra income and seldom

as organized agriculture.

NAREI challenges that pessimistic view. Our regular and dedicated work over the past 28

years has found that nontraditional agriculture is ingenious and resourceful. By using

scientific innovations we will be able to increase the productivity of these crops, thus also

the incomes, by several-fold, thus its potential to improve livelihoods and resilience to

climate changes. Converting their potential into prosperity on a wide scale remained

difficult.

Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD): An IMOD proposed by ICRISAT

in its Strategic Plan, 2020, with modification to suit Guyanese conditions will be used to

enhance prosperity of resource poor farmers both at rural and urban areas. In this concept

food security will be its first priority followed by additional income through sale of crop

produce in urban areas thus each crop will be de facto cash crop since it generates cash.

In this, focus will be on generation of surpluses for use in future as well as selling to earn

income. Stored food will be a buffer in times of scarcity, and higher incomes after selling

of surplus make it possible to enables the farmers to purchase inputs (seed, fertilizer,

labor, tools, livestock, insurance as well as spending for education, clothing and health of

family members). Timely inputs will raise farm productivity and prosperity further. It

will ensure reinvestment and productivity growth in every round, thus creating a self-

reinforcing pathway out of poverty. The focus on market-oriented agriculture will rise to

a new level of resource access, crop productivity, stability and social security. The

approach will help in escaping the poverty trap for good to the resource poor farmers.


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Systems perspective and partnerships

The research focus will be on the basis a systems perspective for ensuring solution to all

important issues in the pathway in a holistic manner. Partnerships with national and

international agencies will be strengthened for tackling the challenges in systems since

these require special competencies and abilities. The strategy will be on establishing

complementary and purposeful partnerships.

Secure, equitable and resilient development The success of IMOD depends on its ability to tackle risks, such as drought, water

logging and climate change which may hinder development and discourage investment.

The resource poor subsistence farmers remain vulnerable to such changes. Future

technologies will be generated with a target to increase the resilience of tropical rainfed

farming so that it may be able to withstand and recover from stresses and shocks. It will

be done by devising systems, developing policies, by providing more technological

options and building capacities that enable the growers to harvest and earn better in the

situation of weather shocks, climate change, and changing market situations. The

research will be designed in such a way so that women and the youth participate more

and get higher benefits. The other disadvantaged groups such as the landless, unemployed

youth and the elderly will also be taken in to consideration while generating technologies

and services.

Strategic Thrusts

The major Strategic Thrusts will be as follows:

Building Resilience to Climate Change: Reducing vulnerability to drought, water

logging and climate change while increasing crop diversity and value

Broadening the Genetic Base and Ensured Seed Availability: Raising and

securing productivity for health, income and sustainability.

Crop Diversification for better Soil Health and Profit: The soil health will be

managed better with proper rotation of crops like legumes after cereals, cereals

after vegetables, etc.

Integrated Water and Nutrient Management, and Conservation Agriculture: The

proper management of water (excess or shortage), nutrients and adoption of

resource conservation agriculture are key elements in making crop production

sustainable and profitable as well as for proper use of resources.

Integrated Weed Management: Weeds in Guyana are responsible for crop losses

ranging from 20-40%. These may be minimized using integrated approach and

adopting proper cropping systems.

Integrated Pest Management and forecasting for Pests: Forewarning of epidemic

of insect pests and disease using IT tools to farmers and IPM will minimize the

losses due to biotic stresses in yield and quality as well as ensure stability in

production.

Export Promotion, Quarantine Pest Risk Analysis and Keeping Vigil: The

strengthening of quarantine services, strategic surveys to keep vigil on pests and

invasive species which are capable of causing economic losses in Guyana and

PRA will promote export of Guyanese agri-produce and products smoothly in the

CARICOM region and also to other countries.


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Protective and Urban Agriculture: Proper varieties and crop production and

protection technologies suitable for high density and multitier cultivation in

surplus land in urban areas as well as under controlled conditions in glass houses,

poly houses/ net houses will add in production, availability and income of urban

population.

Post Harvest Technology and Value Addition: Developing technologies for value

addition in case of spices, post harvest operations for minimizing losses during

shelving, transportation and storage in case of perishable fruits and vegetables,

processing of cassava, etc. will pave new opportunities for raising income of

farmers, business men and women, improve the market acceptability of produce

as well as reduce the ultimate cost to consumers.

Bio fuel Production and Coconut Revitalization: The promotion of cultivation of

bio fuel crops, use of agri-waste for energy production and other vegetable oils for

bio fuel will reduce the dependence of Guyana on fossil fuel import from other

countries. Likewise, revitalization of coconut plantations will boost the local agro

industries using coconut as raw material for oil, coir, peat and for activated carbon

production and export.

IT based and Efficient Extension and Training Service: Increasing use of

information technological tools (radio, TV, mobile, computers, and internet) by

stakeholders sitting far from technology generating institute/centres will boost the

dissemination of improved technology and forewarnings for any biotic and

weather related disasters and will be of great use in agri-research.

Quarantine services: The enhancement of quarantine services at the various ports

of entry to facilitate and promote the export of agricultural commodities by

making these free from insect pests and diseases by the introduction of advance

diagnostic detection methodologies to ensure compliance with international

trading partners, phytosanitary trade requirements will be further enhanced.

Inspirational targets

The targets set for 2013-17 will enormously benefit the well-being of smallholder

farming households. Achieving these targets however requires partnerships with and

actions by different national and international actors in addition to NAREI. We target to

harness IMOD, households to reduce poverty, increasing incomes by using diverse,

productive, more adaptive and profitable crops and their products. These households will

be assisted by contributing products and innovations that increase on-farm yields by at

least 10-20%. Additionally, policy advice will be given that stabilizes prices and

availability of food. Likewise, help will be given to households to halve childhood

malnutrition incidences by diversifying the nutrients and taste in staple foods as an

outcome of diversified crops. NAREI will help to increase the resilience of climate

change through innovations which in turn will help in stabilizing, safeguarding and

enhancing livelihood, capital, diversity at biological and system level, and improve soil

health.


6

BACKGROUND

The National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute (NAREI) came in to effect

during 2011 with Act No. 31 of Parliament (2010) and replaced the old institution,

National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) which was in existence since 1984.

NARI remained a vibrant institution for developing and extending the necessary

technologies and support services to facilitate national agricultural development.

The Institute is working to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector

taking in to consideration the changing situations of global trade and changes in weather

parameters. The resultant technologies are playing key roles in improving the lives and

level of incomes of the farming communities and other stakeholders. It has sought to

achieve a diversified and holistic development of agriculture in Guyana by focusing its

research efforts in different crops (other than rice and sugarcane) and disseminating the

improved technologies in scientific manner

A medium term Strategic Research and Development Agenda (SRDA) 2008-12 was

implemented to act as road map for the Institute’s work programme. During the SRDA

(2008-12), a holistic approach to agricultural development in Guyana was considered.

This approach considered agriculture as a sector strategic in the Guyanese economy, rural

milieu considerations, sustainability issue, competitiveness and adoption of new

technologies in agriculture. The new developments at the national level such as the

National Competitiveness Strategy, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, the

Agricultural Diversification Programme, the Jagdeo Initiative and the Girvan report,

where NARI’s role was integral, were considered.

The implementation of the SRDA resulted in a more structured and systemic approach to

research and development. A number of projects and activities for fulfilling the targeted

projects were implemented, thus resulting in improved varietal identification, production

of seed of such varieties, climate smart agricultural practices, production of seedlings of

vegetables, spices and saplings of fruit trees, germplasm collection and maintenance and

evaluation of tuber crops, soybean, cowpea, tomato, mango and coconut was undertaken.

Revitalization of the coconut industry, increase in the area of cultivation in case of black

pepper, turmeric and ginger, control measures for Black Sigatoka Disease of Musa, post

harvest processing of turmeric, seed production at Ebini research centre and PRA of

important pests were few activities of prime importance, besides routine service activities

of sample analysis for disease and insect diagnosis, soil testing, ant bait preparation, plant

nursery, etc.

New infrastructure facilities like new glass house/ polyhouses, turmeric policing machine

etc., were also created at Mon Repos.

This process identified, amongst others, the following R&D related constraints:


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• Lack of policy and long-term strategic management in research and the linkage

mechanisms between agricultural research institutions and their clients.

• Lack of clarity on how linkages should be strengthened to improve the farmer-extension

researcher linkages.

• The need to design and establish suitable institutional linkages to support effective

coordination and prioritization of research needs at all levels.

Objectives of the Strategic Research and Development Agenda (SRDA), 2013-2017

The main objectives of the SRDA are to:

Guide the ‘Agricultural Research and Extension System’ in the formation and

operation of national agricultural research and extension programmes keeping in

view the new structure of Institute, mandate and Acts;

Proper mobilization and effective use of resources;

Guide the generation of knowledge and information in the agricultural sector and

its’ dissemination;

Provide a framework for developing research capacity and expertise, funding for

agricultural research and extension, focusing national efforts to strategic priorities

and areas of comparative advantage; and ensuring effective transfer of

technology, information sharing and communication to the entire spectrum of the

farming community;

Provide an institutional framework for increased participation of all stakeholders

in agricultural research, extension and quarantine services;

Engender a culture of learning and innovation through human resource

development and management; and to

Promote collaboration between the national agricultural research, extension and

educational components, regional and international research institutions to refocus

on strategic priorities, innovation and adaptive research.

Guiding principles

The implementation of SRDA 2013-2017 will be guided by the following principles:

Responsibility: The principle of responsibility will be adopted for best handling of

different activities at all levels (research, extension and quarantine services) at NAREI.

Integrity and trust: To promote trust among partners and to ensure integrity of

governance and decision process, the participation of stakeholders in R&D activities will

be broadened.

Efficiency and flexibility: The efficient coordination and management of national

resources for agricultural research and technology development will be practiced with

proper flexibility in conducting research.

Innovation: The cutting-edge technologies will be developed by a well-focused and

proper capacity (human resources and funding) and research infrastructure.

Competitiveness: A market-based agricultural production system will be strengthened

with the support of research, extension and quarantine services which will enhance and

promote competitiveness of national agricultural sector to enable it to access existing and

new markets regionally and globally.


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Equity: To strive for fair distribution of dividends of benefits incurred out of new

technologies generated to all relevant stakeholders. Broad participation and consultation

of stakeholders in planning of NAREI will be facilitated.

Complement, not to compete: Different role players will be identified with proper

mandate to complement rather than compete with each other in the execution of their

tasks related to agricultural research and extension.

Commitment to vision, mission, goals and objectives: The focus will be on the high

priority areas identified and revised objectives of institute.

Accountability and research auditing: The accountability and research auditing will be

used to ensure effective use of resources as well as quality research capacities to achieve

strategic goals and objectives.

Decentralization: Proper decentralization of powers and resources will be made at

research institute and its centres to allow decision making quickly and in best possible

manner to implement the programme effectively. However, some basic and strategic

research of national importance could be centralized.

Relevance: To ensure focused and guided research to meet public needs and present day

challenges. Likewise, different units will be given clear tasks to be performed by them

with a team spirit to avoid overlapping and duplication.

Transparency: The exchange of information with stakeholders will be improved. The

mechanism for periodic review and priorities setting through a transparent and inclusive

process will be made.

Information and communications technology (ICT): The ICT provides ready access to

comprehensive, up-to-date and detailed knowledge and information of agricultural

information, particularly in rural areas. It also encourages public-private partnerships

(PPP) to maximize to improve production. Recently, e-agriculture is also used in the

conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to

use ICTs in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. The importance of ICT

is also recognized in the 8th Millennium Development Goal of the United Nations. The

main target is to the fight against poverty through use of ICTs. Through use of ICTs (the

Internet, mobile phone, and other digital technologies), the farmers will be able to take

hold of updated information not only on improved crop production and protection

technologies but also on prices, services, storage, processing etc. Evidently, updated

information with the change and developments in agriculture can be addressed by the

effective use of ICT. The ICT technologies may be accessed through community basis by

farmers where ever these are scanty to reap the benefits of these and improve their living

standards and income. It will be achieved by getting information on prices of inputs and

produce, contacting to researchers, access to national and international markets,

increasing production efficiency and creating conducive policy environment through

interaction with policy makers.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology


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Mission, Approach and Aspirational Targets

Within the framework of this mandate, NAREI’s goal and mission are:

GOAL

To contribute towards the development and sustainability of Guyana’s agricultural sector

through applied and adaptive research, prompt extension services, crop protection and

support services.

.

MISSION

To improve people’s livelihoods nationally from the provision of relevant and

appropriate technologies, improved production and productivity to enhance food security

and export capacities.

NEW ACT The new act of NAREI (Act No. 31) aims to promote greater efficiency in the crops and

agricultural product industry, to provide enhanced services in Agricultural Research and

Extension and Crop Protection and to establish NAREI, so as to make provision for

effective administration and regulation of trade, commerce and export of crops and

agricultural products and for matter related to incidental. The act was assented to by His

Excellency, Former President Dr. Bharat Jagdeo on March 2, 2011. The institute began

its full operations on May 1, 2011 following the commencement order signed by Hon.

Mr. Robert Persaud, then Minister of Agriculture.

FUNCTIONS

NAREI’s functions as stated at section 18(1) (a-o) and (2) of the NAREI Act of 2010 are:

(1) (a). Advise on, and develop appropriate systems to promote balanced, diversified

and sustained agricultural development and optimize agricultural production through

adaptive and investigative research;

(b). Facilitate the use of improved production technology by, and establish adequate

feedbacks systems from, agricultural producers in order to achieve and maintain

national self-sufficiency and export capacities in food and fibre;

(c). Provide adequate phytosanitory and crop protection service to farmers, exporters

and general public;

(d). Provide adequate quarantine services to enable to exportation and importation of

plant and plant products and other regulated articles, to reduce the risk of the

introduction and spread of exotic plant pests;

(e). Deliver quality extension services to farmers, providing advice on the transfer of

technology acquired during the research operation;

(f). Facilitate the easy transfer of technology from research to farmers;


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(g). Provide and have farmers’ access for approved genetic materials to be used in

upgrading agricultural production based on market demands and consumer

preferences;

(h). Regulate the importation and exportation of genetic material for agricultural

cultivation and development, including live plants, tissue culture, seeds and other

material;

(i). Assist farmers to develop cost effective and sustainable agricultural production

systems through the use of appropriate and market driven technologies;

(j). Regulate the growing of crops and post harvest handing and care of agricultural

produce including agro-processing according to acceptable international standards;

(k). Ensure compliance of the world Trade Organization Agreement on the

application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the full implementation of

the International Plant Protection Convention by authorizing the Crop Protection

Advisory Committee to discharge such functions and perform such duties;

(l). Carry out applied agricultural research, including research in to appropriate

systems of mechanization, to provide answers to current and foreseeable problems

facing crop and forestry production;

(m). Evaluate scientific findings of other countries under local conditions;

(n). Determine, develop and popularize mechanisms, programmes and activities by

which the agricultural potential of Guyana may be realized;

(o). Collaborate closely with all other agencies and institutions engaged in

agricultural and related research.

(2). The institute may subject to the general or special directions of the Minister,

assist and encourage the private sector in establishing and running the projects in the

crops or agricultural product industry.

Organizational Structure

The new organizational structure of NAREI is shown in Appendix 1. The Institute is

governed by Board of Directors appointed by the Minister of Agriculture. The Institute is

headed by Chief Executive Officer (CEO) which is a responsible authority for day to day

operations. The CEO is supported by a Deputy (DCEO), Assistant Chief Executive

Officers and other Scientific, Technical, Administrative, supporting staff. The DCEO is

responsible for Extension and Training, Finance and General Administration. He

supervises Crop Extension Coordinators, Finance and Administrative Managers. The

ACEO is responsible for Plant Quarantine Services and supervise the quarantine officers

situated at major ports.

According to new mandate, this institute is responsible for Agricultural Research and

Development, Quarantine and Crop Protection, Extension and Training activities related

to nontraditional crops (excluding Rice and Sugarcane) in Guyana. The roles and

functions of these sections are given below:

Research, Development, Extension and Training

The departments responsible for research, extension, quarantine, training and

development in new structure of NAREI are:


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(i). Crop Improvement (Plant breeding, biotechnology & tissue culture, genetic

resources, coordination of multi location varietal trials, seed production, testing,

certification, processing, packing, storage and sale, on farm seed production).

(ii). Resource Management (Agronomy, soil sciences, soil survey, plant nutrition,

conservation agriculture, climate resilience, INM, IWM).

(iii). Crop Protection (IPM, weed management, pest survey and surveillance, bio

control, testing of new molecules, diagnosis of diseases and pests, forewarning).

(iv). Horticulture (Fruit trees, spices, nurseries, coconut revitalization, vegetable

crops, protective agriculture, drying, safe storage, value addition).

(v). Bio Energy (Biodiesel, ethanol production, use of biomass for energy

production).

(vi). Plant Quarantine (Sample analysis, issue of phyto sanitary certificates,

regulation of plant product trade, pest risk analysis (PRA), strategic pest surveys,

demarcation of pest free area, combating bioterrorism in close collaboration with crop

protection programme and other national agencies).

(vii). Extension and Training (Extension services to stakeholders, testing of

technologies generated at farmers’ fields, feedback to researchers, training of farmers

and other clients, front line demonstrations, collaboration in farmers participatory

varietal selection, coordinated yield trials, on farm seed production, sale of seed,

conduct of field days, seed days, Radio and TV talks, preparation of film

documentaries, extension bulletins, agricultural knowledge information centres at

regional levels).

The strategic objectives of Research, Development, Quarantine, Extension and

Training agenda are:

1. Generation, testing and transferring new technologies and knowledge for

improving the agricultural production of nontraditional crops, vegetables and

fruits.

2. Reduction in agricultural imports and increases in exports.

3. Easy and fast dissemination of improved technologies to farmers and stakeholders

thus providing a two way flow of information between researchers and farmers

for timely and required correction in technologies evolved for their better

adoption. Narrowing gap between farmers’ practices and potential of improved

technologies.

4. Improving and broadening the genetic base of varieties of crops for wider

adaptability in different agro ecological zones in Guyana for stable and high

quality production and better returns per unit area.

5. Enhanced crop diversification and employing a system approach for food

production.

6. Reduced post harvest losses, safe storage and enhanced seed supply of improved

varieties, value addition, higher profit, better nutrition and women empowerment.

7. Protecting the agriculture production due to climate change and attempts of bio

terrorisms or accidental entry of virulent and aggressive pest from abroad in the

country.


12

8. Adding new knowledge and technologies for making Guyana rich in power

generation though bio fuel production.

9. Protected agriculture to reduce dependence on weather, early production of

seedlings, better propagation of trees and unseasonal vegetable production.

10. Reduction of losses due to diseases and insect pests as well as judicious use of

pesticides by employing IPM practices.

11. Forewarning of outbreak of diseases and insect pests in reducing the losses in

yield and quality.

12. Introduction of new crops (wheat, minor millets, seed spices, newer vegetables,

chickpea, soybean and other legumes) for diversification and self sufficiency.

13. Conservation agriculture to reduce cost of cultivation, higher returns and cleaner

environment.

14. Value addition of fruits, spices, vegetables etc to improve shelves life, acceptance

and higher profit.

15. Urban agriculture to produce fresh vegetables and fruits in surplus land at home,

kitchen gardens.

16. Ensuring proper supply of raw material for local agro industries using coconut,

pineapples, tomatoes, etc.

17. Release of varieties, registration of indigenous germplasm, patenting the

technologies generated.

18. Income generation through sale of technologies, seeds, saplings of fruit trees,

seedlings of vegetables, consultancies, contract research projects, renting of

infrastructure, equipments and fetching of externally funded projects.

19. Linkages with other local and international institutes in agricultural research.

20. Trainings for human resource capacity enhancement help in thesis work of PG

and graduate students.

21. Prevention of the introduction and spread of exotic pests and diseases into

Guyana.

22. Enforcement of the Plant Protection act 2011 and the Plant Protection

Regulations.

23. Procurement, testing demonstration and training of new and advanced farm

machineries and equipments related to planting, harvesting and threshing keeping

in view of small and medium scale farmers of different regions. Creation of

equipment bank at NAREI for rental at nominal cost to small and medium scale

farmers, as pilot project. It is in view of unavailability of farm workers and high

cost of equipments to own by resource poor farmers as well as for dissemination

of new technology related to conservation agriculture, reduced consumption of

fossil fuel in agriculture etc.

TARGETS

To broaden the genetic base of varieties of field crops, vegetables and fruits of

nontraditional crops for wider adaptability in different agro-ecological zones of

Guyana, elasticity to counter climate changes, higher productivity, resistance to

biotic and abiotic factors, better response to nutrients and water use, better quality

and taste. An increase of 10-20% is projected in the yields of different crops with

substantial gains in exports.


13

Integrated pest management approach to manage diseases, insect pests, nematodes

and weeds for reducing the losses in yield and quality and higher returns per unit

area to farmers.

Providing inputs of knowledge generated through research to facilitate targeted

international trade related to agri-produce and products in CARICOM and other

countries. Training of farmers, exporters, agro-processors, etc. for preparing them

to changing business climate locally and globally.

Developing of model technologies and facilities as well as conduct of training to

farmers for advocating smart agricultural practices to resilience climate change.

Development of protective agricultural systems in the various crops.

Dissemination of new technologies to the farmers and other stakeholders using an

IT based support and media, targeted training, diagnostic socio economic surveys,

development of data bank related to crops, areas, export, import, etc. to reposition

research as well as providing feedback on performance of technologies as well as

prioritization of demands of technologies in the field of crops.

To develop digital maps of soils in important regions for agriculture, integrated

nutrient and water management, effective management of weeds and promotion

of conservation agriculture to reduce the cost of crop production and higher

returns.

Strengthening of scientific manpower to take lead in the fields of plant breeding,

seed production, biocontrol, horticulture and vegetable research.

Revamping of facilities in laboratories to keep these up to date with latest

equipments for quality results.

Increased capacity in seed production of promising varieties of targeted crops

through MOUs with seed growers and farmers and generation of revolving fund

to sustain and support the activity on long term basis.

Proactive approach for strengthening collaboration with national and international

R & D institutes, universities etc. to enrich NAREI technologically and adoption

of such technologies after proper evaluation locally and needful corrections/

modifications for an early impact on agriculture sector and national economy.

Introduction of new crops and development of suitable crop protection

technologies aiming to reduce export.

Strengthening of Quarantine services to protect Guyana’s agriculture and

facilitate trade in agricultural products.

The restoration and sustainable management of Guyana’s coastal mangrove

ecosystem. The Action Plan envisions restoration of an additional five km of

coastal mangrove forest through the implementation of the principles of

Ecological Mangrove Restoration which the GMRP through inclusive of

hydrological restoration, construction of low cost coastal engineering structures,

planting of spartina grasses and planting of mangrove seedlings based on site

analysis.


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II. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (2013-2017)

Agricultural development in Guyana demands modernization of the Agricultural Sector

to enable its production to new dimensions, heights and paradigm shifts. Guyana must

plan to use the opportunities and natural resources for agriculture in an efficient and

sustainable manner keeping in view of growing demand of food and other products of

crop origin in the CARICOM region, change in food habits, pressing needs of the urban

population for income generation using surplus land in back and front yards of their

homes for agri-activities, savannas as well as looking at the threats of climate change.

Taking these circumstances in to account, NAREI has synthesized its Strategic Research

and Development Strategy (2013-2017) to cater for these needs at its national, regional as

well as for global levels.

BACKGROUND AND UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHY

In synthesizing the earlier Research and Development Strategy for NARI (2008-2012), a

holistic approach to agricultural development in Guyana was considered. This approach

included:

a) Considering the agricultural sector as a strategic one in the Guyanese economy;

b) Emerging issues in the international economy;

c) Recognition of the Rural Milieu;

d) Promoting sustainable development;

e) Identifying current and future developments of the sector where NARI’s role

would be integral;

f) Focusing on a renewed and competitive agriculture sector;

g) Promotion and incorporation of new technologies.

h) The ‘Jagdeo Initiative’

AGRICULTURE AS A STRATEGIC SECTOR

Agriculture contributes approximately 25% to the economy of Guyana and provides more

than 33% employment both at rural and urban levels. The major contributions are from

sugar and rice (traditional crops) whilst, production as well as exports of nontraditional

crops is showing upward trends (Tables 3-4, Fig. 1) which is due to systematic research

efforts, policy support and developmental programmes of government at production and

marketing levels. There is a need to explore and promote the non-traditional crops for

diversification for sustainability of cropping system and combating the effects of global

fluctuation in business and weather on agriculture production in Guyana.

In spite of surplus production in rice, sugar, coconuts, subtropical vegetables and fruits,

the import bill of food items like wheat and flour, chickpea, split pea, edible oils,

potatoes, onion and garlic and temperate vegetables remained quite high in Guyana thus

needs to be looked carefully and research should be focused in the testing of adaptable

varieties and production of these commodities locally to reduce imports (Table 2). The


15

food habits may be diversified by adding millets, processed cassava and maize flour by

developing and testing varieties of these crops suitable to grow in Guyana.

Guyana has strategic advantages of suitable land availability for growing crops, suitable

and sufficient water resources, proper sunshine, weather as well as policy support of

government to become a regional leader in agricultural production and export of surplus,

in the CARICOM region. Besides, traditional commodities (rice and sugar) country is at

the verge of becoming prominent figure as a tropical fruit and vegetable producer in the

region. In recent years, there has been more developments related to free-market,

liberalization of trade, and an open investment climate in the region, thus opening new

opportunities to produce and process more locally.

The cultivation of fruits in Guyana remained unorganized and through small holders of

land. The promising and potent fruits remained pineapple, banana, grapefruit, citrus,

cherry, avocado, carambola, passion fruit and mango. These have been a source of

regular income and nutrition especially for women and children. The processing units for

juices, jams, jellies, concentrates, pickles and other value added products may reduce the

post harvest losses, add value to the produce and use surplus production for local and

export purposes. Unlike fresh produce, these products may not face trade barriers for

export.

Like fruits, the vegetable sector also remained unorganized in Guyana although it is

dynamic and vibrant, generating regular income and employment both in urban and rural

areas. Clusters were developed under the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP).

The major vegetables grown are tomato, bora, eggplant, ochro, hot pepper, pumpkin,

squash, pak-choy and other minor vegetables. Other commodities that are produced

include plantains and ground provisions.

During 2011, about 10,700 tonnes of fresh fruits, vegetables and processed foods were

exported from Guyana to Caribbean region and other countries. The increase in export is

due, in part, to the collective outcome of research and policy support of government to

farmers through ‘Grow More Food’ campaign, launched on March 20, 2008. The total

export during 2011 of nontraditional agricultural commodities was USD 5.3 million

(1470.2 million G$). The increase in such export up to June in 2012 also showed a 24%

increase (Source: GMC).

The main production regions for non-traditional crops are shown in Table 1. The

production figures for vegetables, fruits and coconuts (2006-2010) are shown in Tables 4

and 5 and Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. Efforts are needed to grow coconut plantations

scientifically and increase its use indigenously as well as for further value addition.


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Table 1. Main Production regions for non-traditional crops

Region Targeted crops

1 Cereals, Food legumes (Peanuts), Cassava, Eddoes, Yam, Dasheen, Ginger, Tangerine, Cocoa, Coffee

2 Cereals, Food legumes (Blackeye, Minica), Cassava, Coconuts, Plantain, Pumpkins, Ochro, Hot pepper, Lime, Banana, Mango,

Pineapple, Avacado, Carambola, Cherry, Passion fruit, Bilimbe, Coffee

3 Cereals, Food legumes, Cassava, Sweet Potato, Eddoes, Yam, Plantain, Tomato, Pumpkins, Squash, Cucumber, Bora, Ochro,

Boulanger, Corilla, Hot Pepper, Lime, Grape fruit, Orange, Tangerine, Pineapple, Avocado, Carambola, Cherry

4 Cereals, Food legumes (Blackeye, Minica), Cassava, Coconuts, Sweet Potato, Eddoes, Plantain, Lime, Tomato, Cabbage,

Pumpkins, Squash, Cucumber, Bora, Eschallot, Ochro, Boulanger, Corilla, Hot Pepper, Grape fruit, Orange, Tangerine,

Pineapple, Avacado, Carambola, Mango, Cherry, Passion fruit

5 Food legumes (Blackeye, Minica), Coconuts, mustard, Pak Choi, Eschallot, Sapodilla, Watermelon, Passion fruit, Cashew

6 Cereals, Food legumes, Coconuts, Cassava, Sweet Potato, Cabbage, Pumpkins, Squash, Cucumber, Bora, Eschallot, Ochro,

Boulanger, Pak Choi, Hot Pepper, Eschallot, Citrus, Lime, Grape fruit, Orange, Pineapple, Banana, Sapodilla, Mango,

Watermelon, Cashew

7 Cassava, Sweet Potato, Eddoes, Yam, Dasheen, Pineapple

8 Cassava, Sweet Potato, Eddoes, Yam, Dasheen, Pineapple

9 Food legumes (Peanut), Cassava, Eddoes, Yam, Dasheen, Pineapple, Passion fruit, Cashew, Mango, Lime, Grape fruit, Orange,

Tangerine, Watermelon

10 Cereals, Food legumes (Blackeye, Minica), Cassava, Eddoes, Yam, Dasheen, Plantain, Tomato, Lime, Cabbage, Hot Pepper,

Grape fruit, Orange, Tangerine, Pineapple, Watermelon, Cherry, Passion fruit


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Table 2. Major food items (1000 US$) imported in Guyana during 2006-2011

Commodity Import Value (1000 US$)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Av.

Almonds shelled 0 0 0 0 30 73 17

Anise, badian, fennel,

coriander

104 254 688 688 440 594 461

Apples 122 137 185 638 478 695 376

Beans, dry 75 65 152 152 111 128 114

Cabbages, brassicas 30 264 253 389 3 5 157

Cake, soybeans 3,842 2,945 6,502 8,116 5,799 9,579 6,131

Carrots and turnips 490 520 616 656 798 789 645

Cauliflowers and broccoli 21 94 43 43 61 92 59

Chick peas 668 1,412 1,691 1,467 1,798 2,453 1,582

Flour, maize 1,519 1,166 806 276 3,096 2,472 1,556

Flour, wheat 2,252 1,220 4,054 2,756 2,366 5,772 3,070

Garlic 1,619 1,628 1,306 2,081 4,075 3,308 2,336

Ginger 2 26 2 29 22 36 20

Grapes 94 144 162 427 348 403 263

Groundnuts, shelled 33 52 103 103 50 24 61

Juice, fruit nes 659 552 784 784 1,228 1,593 933

Juice, orange, single strength 68 609 415 193 555 1,023 477

Juice, pineapple 5 61 73 15 31 58 41

Juice, tomato 5 6 6 0 46 21 14

Maize 1,698 1,496 7,821 6,009 6,704 11,601 5,888

Oil, maize 24 208 134 134 70 108 113

Oil, palm 1,704 3,016 4,353 4,353 2,588 4,376 3,398

Oil, soybean 1,566 783 693 702 889 414 841

Oil, sunflower 3 0 2 2 0 0 1

Onions, dry 653 1,300 1,118 1,012 1,750 1,623 1,243

Peas, dry 1,454 1,659 2,237 1,295 1,668 2,472 1,798

Peas, green 19 106 331 331 304 364 243

Pepper (piper spp.) 33 863 20 20 103 140 197

Potatoes, frozen 379 640 674 550 668 996 651

Potatoes 1,555 3,361 2,658 2,022 3,236 3,635 2,745

Soybeans 0 580 0 1,821 144 509

Spices, nes 101 301 217 430 469 383 317

Strawberries 0 8 9 2 25 31 13

Wheat 8,373 17,091 24,867 14,269 29,058 23,994 19,609

Source FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2012 | 26 November 2012


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Table 3. Major agricultural produce (tonnes) exported from Guyana during 2006-2011

Commodity Export Quantity (tonnes)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Av.

Bananas 14 0 50 50 0 0 19

Beans, green 0 195 1 1 23 3 37

Cabbages and other brassicas 77 463 46 46 57 21 118

Cassava dried 47 192 42 42 151 86 93

Cauliflowers and broccoli 1 4 11 11 2 2 5

Chillies and peppers, green 7 4 41 41 85 171 58

Coconuts, desiccated 10 0 3 17 70 30 22

Coconuts 468 569 711 711 8,526 10,441 3,571

Coffee, extracts 41 11 35 35 21 17 27

Copra 430 297 1,296 1,628 1,191 601 907

Cucumbers and gherkins 118 271 211 211 161 151 187

Eggplants (aubergines) 178 199 165 165 184 252 191

Fruit, prepared nes 1,650 1,172 1,383 786 1,302 1,009 1,217

Garlic 15 284 1 1 14 34 58

Ginger 64 83 72 72 106 49 74

Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) 3 0 0 13 21 7

Lemons and limes 286 280 199 199 337 343 274

Maize, green 58 0 40 7 73 46 37

Mangoes, mangosteens,Guavas 1,257 907 902 902 1,018 545 922

Oil, coconut (copra) 1,049 691 1,358 1,358 366 586 901

Oranges 262 309 106 106 263 241 215

Papayas 51 69 49 49 205 123 91

Pepper (piper spp.) 254 152 193 193 214 141 191

Pineapples canned 106 49 48 61 29 33 54

Pineapples 327 488 307 307 555 373 393

Plantains 2 1,194 110 134 480 301 370

Pumpkins, squash and gourds 1,202 1,106 1,176 1,176 2,407 1,331 1,400

Roots and tubers, nes 248 316 448 448 749 532 457

Spices, nes 131 242 143 143 144 194 166

Sweet potatoes 1 3 10 2 45 10 12

Tangerines, mandarins,

clementines, satsumas

23 56 212 0 258 152 117

Tomatoes 182 103 184 184 315 167 194

Vegetables, fresh nes 37 536 18 30 88 51 127

Vegetables, temp. preserved 6 19 8 8 10 27 13

Watermelons 757 996 1,006 302 2,255 1,115 1,072

Abbreviations, prp: Prepared, nec: Not elsewhere classified, nes: Not elsewhere specified.

Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2012 | 26 November 2012


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Table 4. Major production figures in Guyana (2006-20102

Commodity Production (tonnes)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Av.

Avocados 288 301 296 181 176 197 200 234

Bananas 6,600 5,892 4,605 4,702 4,857 6,208 6,600 5,638

Beans, green 4,282 4,569 4,120 8,400 12,771 9,625 10,000 7,681

Broad beans, beans, dry 210 231 245 239 231 215 250 232

Cabbages,brassicas 447 473 479 298 325 344 360 389

Cashewapple 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5

Cassava 23,145 20,184 4,127 7,100 10,092 3,768 4,000 10,345

Cherries 894 977 692 568 800 828 900 808

Chillies and peppers, green 2,102 1,883 1,493 2,900 4,312 3,673 4,000 2,909

Cocoa, beans 286 275 285 328 349 427 430 340

Coconuts 103,268 70,313 78,600 77,930 76,745 75,120 80,000 80,282

Coffee, green 147 160 177 170 174 168 170 167

Cow peas, dry 185 167 179 169 214 142 150 172

Cucumbers and gherkins 3,800 3,040 3,020 3,177 3,254 2,885 2,885 3,152

Eggplants (aubergines) 3,306 3,499 3,544 2,473 2,572 2,552 2,600 2,935

Fruit, citrus nes 1,400 1,152 860 844 882 682 700 931

Fruit, fresh nes 985 1,006 1,009 580 599 620 650 778

Fruit, tropical fresh nes 6,200 6,500 6,700 6,800 8,790 8,797 8,797 7,512

Ginger 520 499 449 418 360 410 410 438

Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) 1,800 1,481 1,791 1,100 1,002 1,004 1,050 1,318

Groundnuts, with shell 1,751 2,335 2,553 1,321 1,301 1,456 1,500 1,745

Gums, natural 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

Lemons and limes 2,084 2,000 2,089 1,391 1,304 1,439 1,500 1,687

Maize 3,000 7,900 4,000 5,000 5,024 4,900 5,000 4,975

Mangoes, guavas 5,088 4,085 2,881 2,700 2,599 3,447 3,650 3,493

Okra 2,400 1,920 1,908 1,356 872 865 900 1,460

Onions, dry 787 511 330 1,450 2,606 3,891 4,000 1,939

Oranges 5,000 6,000 5,944 4,232 4,344 4,570 4,650 4,963

Peas, dry 435 460 510 528 520 472 500 489

Pepper (piper spp.) 406 420 450 424 300 260 260 360

Pineapples 3,037 1,301 1,310 2,500 3,803 2,471 2,500 2,417

Plantains 4,076 4,193 2,562 11,900 21,335 4,752 5,000 7,688

Pumpkins, squash and

gourds

7,000 5,600 5,321 5,775 5,284 5,454 5,600 5,719

Roots and tubers, nes 15,021 14,149 15,497 13,400 15,320 14,528 15,000 14,702

Spices, nes 961 981 1,001 1,021 878 1,001 1,015 980

Sweet potatoes 1,732 1,510 1,541 1,522 1,566 1,730 1,800 1,629

Taro (cocoyam) 2,200 1,919 1,827 1,766 1,796 1,854 1,900 1,895


20

Tobacco 90 90 118 85 78 94 96 93

Tomatoes 4,032 2,000 1,943 5,200 8,481 9,000 10,000 5,808

Vegetables, fresh nes 4,665 4,670 5,049 2,316 2,345 2,732 2,800 3,511

Watermelons 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,265 1,286 1,300 1,222

Yams 1,300 1,250 1,246 1,381 1,752 1,553 1,650 1,447

Year Production (MT)

Vegetables Fruits

2006 33921.0 37457.0

2007 29315.0 34892.0

2008 28407.0 30744.0

2009 36987.0 42212.0

2010 46940.0 52052.0 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, FAOSTAT

Figure 1. Vegetables and fruits production (MT) during 2006-2010

Table 5. Coconut Production (2006-2012)

Year Coconut Production (mill units)

2006 103268

2007 70313

2008 78600

2009 77930

2010 71400

2011 75120

2012 80000


21

Figure 2: Coconut production (mill units) during (2006-2010)

The volume of exports to regional and extra-regional markets for 2008-June, 2012 is

shown in Table 6. The importing countries are, Antigua, United States of America,

Canada, France, Dominican Republic, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago and Barbados.

Export of Agricultural produce from Guyana – Prospects and constraints:

Antigua & Barbados:

Avocado, bora, cassava, cabbage, cucumber, calaloo, coconut, cowpea, cauliflower,

broccoli, ochro, dasheen, eschallot, passion fruit, pineapples, eddoes, pumpkin, eggplant,

hot and sweet pepper, tomato, galia melons, butternut, squash, dried coconut, ginger, and

watermelons,

Constraints: The export of Papaw was affected adversely due to ‘papaya ring spot

virus’, and Plantains due to ‘moka disease’ (Source: GMC).

An analysis of the export of fresh produce reveals that the major ones exported for the

past decade include bora, melons, pepper, pineapple, plantain and pumpkins. The

volumes of the commodities exported (2006-2010) are shown in Table 7 & Fig. 3.

The export of pumpkins and melons has shown progressive increases whereas plantains

export declined. This may be due to outbreaks of ‘black sigatoka disease’ in recent years

(2008-09). However suitable control measures developed for disease after implantation

of new project at NAREI resulted in increases in export during 2010. Likewise export of

pepper has shown increase in recent years. The trend of export of leguminous green

vegetables like ‘bora’ however remained almost flat over years (2006-10).

Table 6. Volume of various commodities exported from Guyana (2008-June, 2012)

COMMODITY EXPORT Volume (MT)

2008 2009 2010 2011 Importing Countries

Plantain 310.0 187.0 155.3 158.6

Pumpkin 485.2 528.7 539.9 451.7

Pineapple 25.9 31.4 60.3 106.1 CAN, BDS, SR

Pineapple Chunks 37.6 102.0 13.8 24.5

Hot Pepper 47.5 12.0 6.4 12.6 CAN, USA

Pepper(Wiri Wiri) 4.3 5.0 54.6 38.2 CAN, USA


22

Cassava 1.0 2.3 3.8

Watermelon 215.3 365.0 479.4 288.5 BDS

Sweet Pepper 0.5 0.5 0.3

Coconut (Dry) 267.7 2706.3 5448.6 7883.0 USA, BDS, DO`

Coconut Milk 31.8 112.0 231.1 461.0 TT

Copra Meal 134.7 179.0 82.2 6.8

Copra 1903.1 3249.0 901.0 733.7 TT, BDS

Coconut Oil (crude) 1455.3 594.0 360.7 357.4 TT

Bora 32.4 25.7 16.6 17.1

Boulanger 16.6 16.5 15.9 21.5

Eddo 115.7 97.0 95.2 157.1

Mango 441.4 354.4 325.1 169.8 CAN

Papaw 7.2 7.6 14.3 14.8 BDS

Heart of Palm 1030.1 469.0 489.4 393.3 FRA

Cucumber 1.4 20.0 6.6 10.4

Ginger 17.0 17.0 4.6 8.2

Passion Fruit 0.01 0.9 5.0 1.1

Lime 8.7 32.0 78.0 85.3

Orange 15.1 1.0 15.4 30.3

Tangarine 0.0 5.4 0.1

Tomato 5.2 2.0 1.6 1.0

Sweet potato 1.9 7.0 4.5 4.5

Yam 0.0 10.0 4.3 4.0

Minica #4 0.1 0.2 0.5

AG-Atigua, USA- United States of America, CAN-Canada, FRA- France, DO-

Dominican Republic, SR-Suriname, TT-Trinidada & Tobago, BDS-Barbados

Table 7. Volume of selected commodities exported (2006-2010)

Year Export volume (tonnes)

Bora Melons Pepper Pineapple Plantain Pumpkin

2006 116.00 757.00 254.00 327.00 2.00 1202.00*

2007 103.00 996.00 152.00 488.00 1194.00 1106.00

2008 80.00 1006.00 193.00 307.00 110.00 1176.00

2009 80.00 302.00 193.00 307.00 134.00 1176.00

2010 147.00 2255.00 214.00 550.00 480.00 2407.00

*+Squash, gouards, Source: Ministry of Agriculture, FAOSTAT


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Figure 3. Export of pineapple, plantain, pumpkin bora, melon and pepper (tones)

Table 8. Production figures of nontraditional crops during 2006-2010 (tonnes)

Commodity Production (MT)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

4Ps

Plantains 4076 4193 2562 11900 21335

Chillies and peppers, green 2102 1883 450 2900 4312

Pineapples 3037 1301 1310 2500 3803

Pumpkins, squash and gourds 7000 5600 5321 6210 6100

1C

Cassava 23145 20184 4127 7100 10092

Others

Beans, green 4282 4569 4120 8400 12771

Tomatoes 4032 2000 1943 5200 8481

Bananas 6600 5892 4605 6385 6400

Mangoes, mango steens, guavas 5088 4085 2881 2700 2599

The production figures of 4Ps and 1C crops designated for exports as well as crops like

beans, tomatoes, bananas and mangoes is shown in Table 8 and Figs. 4-5 The increasing

trend has been witnessed in 4Ps as a result of backup technological support to these

created after strategic research and development agenda (2008-2012) of NAREI, as well

as favourable policies of government to grow and promote these. Increase in production

of green beans, tomatoes as well as banana was also seen. The trends in cassava, mangoes

and guavas as well as sweet potato production, however are not encouraging and need

further technological and policy interventions.


24

Figure 4. Production figures (MT) of export crops (4Ps, 1C)

Figure. 5. Production trends of green beans, tomatoes, bananas, and gourds,

mangoes and guavas (2006-2010)

Worlds ranking of Guyana in agricultural production

There are 19 agri-commodities of Guyana featured in the rank of 2-49 in the world

whereas other 19 are in the ranks ranging from 52-174 globally, in spite of limited land

and other resources (Table 9). Recent bilateral co operations (ITEC of India), policy

support, systematic multiplication and strategic planning of NAREI have seen Guyana on

the world map in the field of spices (Ginger and pepper). Keeping in view of it, lack of

proper transport and storage facilities in different regions to farmers and enhancing their

income per unit area efforts will be further strengthened to elevate the global ranking of

Guyana in other nontraditional crops.


25

The agricultural sector would continue to be a strategic sector in the Guyanese economy

for creation of jobs, raising income, boosting economy of country and providing

affordable food to all. Today agriculture is seen as an expanding field to cater in the

development of other sectors like, bio fuel, households (furniture), craft and other agro

industries using agri-products such as coir, etc.

The ‘Jagdeo initiative’ identified and defined the major constraints being faced in

agricultural development in the Caribbean region. These aim to develop and implement

targeted, focused and practical interventions both at the regional and national levels to

remove these constraints. These are endorsed throughout the Caribbean for thorough

analysis of the state of agriculture, hard look at internal and external factors and for in

depth discussion of fundamental areas that need improvement, reform and/or initiation.

The major constraints identified by President Bharrat Jagdeo are, limited financing and

inadequate new investments, redundant and inefficient agricultural health and food safety

systems, inadequate research and development and fragmented and unorganized private

sector. Insufficient land and water distribution and management systems, deficient and

uncoordinated risk management measures and inadequate transport systems are other

elements outlined in the initiative.

Table 9. World ranking of Guyana in production of different agri-commodities

(value wise)

World

Ranking

Commodity World

Ranking

Commodity

2 Gums Natural 52 Cherries

4 Cashew apple 55 Eggplants (aubergines)

23 Ginger 59 Pineapples

27 Pepper (Piper spp.) 60 Avocados

31 Cow peas, dry 60 Grapefruit (inc. pomelos)

31 Okra 61 Coffee, green

33 Coconuts 66 Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas

33 Taro (cocoyam) 70 Cassava

33 Spices, nes 74 Lemons and limes

37 Plantains 76 Pumpkins, squash and gourds

37 Roots and Tubers, nes 85 Oranges

38 Fruit, tropical fresh nes 85 Sweet potatoes

39 Sugar cane 87 Chillies and peppers, green

39 Beans, green 90 Bananas

42 Rice, paddy 95 Cucumbers and gherkins

43 Broad beans, horse beans, dry 99 Watermelons

44 Cocoa beans 120 Honey, natural

44 Yams 126 Tomatoes

49 Citrus fruit, nes 132 Cabbages and other brassicas Abbreviations, prp: Prepared, nec: Not elsewhere classified, nes: Not elsewhere specified.

Source: FAOSTAT, 2012


26

The “Vision 2020 for Guyana Agriculture” of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture Dr. Leslie

Ramsammy emphasized the importance and future prospects for the agriculture sector in

Guyana using the ‘Jagdeo Initiative’ as the base.

GLOBAL ISSUES IN AGRICULTURE

The emerging issues in agriculture at the national and international levels are resilience to

climate change, clean agricultural practices, low carbon development strategy, SPS and

WTO issues for global trade of agricultural produce, IPR issues, national, regional and

global food and nutritional security, developing reserve food stocks for national food

security in case of natural calamities, women empowerment, right to food for all,

nourishment of school going children and nutritional deficiencies in mothers and

children, bio fuel, urban agriculture and agriculture as business and not simply as means

of livelihood. The main global trends in science and technology that have implications for

the future of agriculture and rural life fall under two headings: (a) the development of

smart and clean agriculture to mitigate the effects of climate change and sustainable

production and use of natural resources and to provide pesticide free and nutritious food

(b) Conservation agriculture (c) bio-energy production.

COALESCENCE OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND

ISSUES

The coalescence of SRDA strategies and issues described earlier has been utilized in

defining a policy for the Research and Development Strategy (2013-2017) for NAREI in

the new its new structure and mandates. The following considerations served as the basis

for developing such a policy:

i. Agriculture will continue to be a major player in the social and environmental

aspects of livelihoods in Guyana, therefore a new concept to promote agriculture

further is needed, newly structured and constituted of a different blend of

participants;

ii. The need for smart and cleaner agricultural practices in the diverse agricultural

sector are emerging needs which will not only have implications on primary

production but also on entire food chain;

iii. Promoting the transformation of the agricultural sector through diversification of

production, conservation agriculture and competitive cost of production to

promote agribusiness in a proactive, competitive and aggressive mode globally.

iv. NAREI in its new structure and mandates is responsible for research and

development in all aspects of agricultural crops, extension activities, and trainings

to farmers and assisting international trade of agriculture, excluding rice and sugar

which are dealt by the agencies.

v. The research, development and technology transfer role of NAREI in the long-

term would seek to position the Institute to be the prime innovators in Guyana on


27

the move from primary production of agriculture to an “agri-food/agri-product”

sector;

vi. Agriculture is recognized not solely for primary production. Rather, it dictates a

very organic relationship between primary production with those of

transformation and marketing (including retailing, and value addition). It also

explicitly recognizes intensive linkages with the other economic sectors, including

health, education, tourism and services;

vii. NAREI’s programmes would be on Inclusive Market-Oriented Development

(IMOD) based approach;

viii. Accessing and disseminating market information in collaboration with other

institutions such as the Guyana Marketing Corporation (GMC); private sector,

etc.;

ix. Farmers’ participatory research, on farm trials, demonstration of technologies,

field days and seed production using farmers as partners would be promoted to

make research easily adaptable and penetrable among the farming community;

x. Development and promotion of sustainable agricultural production systems

inclusive of organic and integrated farming systems;

xi. Reducing poverty and increasing production and productivity of the soils in all the

regions of Guyana through effective resource management systems;

xii. Year round production of crops through integrated water and nutrient

management;

xiii. Promoting integrated pest management practices inclusive of biocontrol

component in it as well as Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to facilitate

exports and clean environment and ecosystem;

xiv. Enhancing national food security and developing commodity crops for both

national and export markets, through use of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR), to

broaden genetic base, targeted breeding programmes, seed production and proper

evaluation of test entries in different agro ecological zones and conditions in

Guyana;

xv. Use of biotechnological tools to assist in breeding and tissue culture in micro

propagation and preservation of vegetative propagative crops for the crop sector

that could be used in practice for food production and agriculture;

xvi. Promotion of low volume-high income crops in the regions not yet well equipped

with transport facilities and infrastructure as well as high income per unit area.


28

xvii. Intensification of training activities to include farmers, exporters, extension

officers, agro processors, etc.

xviii. NAREI initially will make use of technologies available and test these in Guyana

for an early impact as well as strengthen its own human and structural

capabilities. For achieving this MOUs will be signed with CGIAR institutes, (eg.

ICRISAT, CIMMYT, ICARDA, CIAT, IICA, IPGRI), regional agency like

CARDI and bilateral agencies, ICAR, EMBRAPA etc.). The assistance of FAO

and UNDP will also be taken.

xix. Collaborative activities would be developed with agencies including the Faculty

of Agriculture, University of Guyana (UG), Guyana Sugar Corporation

(GUYSUCO), the Institute of Applied Science and Technology (IAST), Guyana

Agribusiness Association (GABA), Guyana Marketing Corporation (GMC), etc.

xx. Identifying and developing crops and cropping systems away from the coastland.

Focus would be initially on the Linden/Soesdyke Highway.

xxi. Understanding the dynamics of Guyana’s coastline and its influence on successful

mangrove restoration to support sea defense is a critical component of the 2013-

2017, NMMAP.

xxii. The Institute must be responsive to changes in Government’s policy and hence its

research and development activities are subject to change as well as technically

contribute in formulation of new policies related to crops sciences.

xxiii. The coordination, synergies and linkages in research, extension and quarantine

services will be for best use of resources of NAREI in the higher interests of

farmers, stakeholders, consumers and national economy in changing environment

of global business and climate.

xxiv. Efforts will be on generation of funds to meet the partial projected budget amount

of Institute at its own level using consultancy, contact research projects,

externally funded projects, services like Quarantine, seed samples, soil samples,

diseases samples, testing of varieties and technologies at multilocations, sale of

seeds, samplings, seedlings, and farm produce, renting of buildings, facilities,

equipment, etc.


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III. STATEMENT OF APPROACH

With respect to the Act of Parliament that established NAREI, the Institute is tasked with

conducting research, development, quarantine and technology transfer as well as support

services in crops for improving the agricultural production, and export in an balanced,

diversified and sustainable manner. The MOA expects the following from newly

structured NAREI:

Research and Development on nontraditional crops (excluding rice and

sugarcane).

Transfer of improved technologies to farmers and training of stakeholders.

Plant quarantine and plant protection services to facilitate exchange of plant

germplasm, seed and international trade of agri-produce and product as well as

keeping vigil on any exotic pests having potential to enter and harm agriculture of

Guyana.

Establish linkages globally, regionally and nationally with other institutions

working in crop research and extension, promotion of public-private partnership

and participation of farmers for making research, development and extension

more relevant and targeted to improve production, productivity, export and

affordability of food crops, vegetables, fruits and spices.

NAREI would continue to harness power of science with the objectives to increase

productivity, enhance input use efficiency, reduced cost of cultivation and post-harvest

losses, minimizing risks and threats of biotic and abiotic stresses and improving quality

of food commodities by using conventional techniques as well as new science and tools.

Synergies of frontier sciences The advantage of frontier sciences like nano-technology, information and communication

technology and remote sensing; Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global

Positioning System (GPS) in agricultural research will be taken. These will be integrated

in the on-going and future agricultural research wherever suitable for improving research

efficiency, better targeting of technologies generated and for knowing production and

marketing environments.

Natural resource management

The natural resources are dwindling and deteriorating and is a cause of concern for

agriculture sector which is highly dependent on the natural resources. The potential of

rainfed agriculture may be utilized properly by managing soil and water resources in a

scientific and efficient way. There is huge potential of conservation agriculture, zero

tillage, precision agriculture and micro-irrigation and these may be suitably modified to

suite needs of different regions. Efficient farming systems, composite farming, integrated

crop management, integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management, and

integrated water management will be refined to ensure their adaptability. These will be

integrated with various public-sector supported programmes for holistic development

through enhanced participation and training of stakeholders.


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Diversification

A rising trend in demand for high-value commodities has been witnessed due to

enhanced per capita income, growing urbanization and unfolding globalization. The

research focus will be strengthened to augment production of such commodities more

efficiently and competitively. The main priorities will be development of improved

genotypes (varieties and hybrids), better management practices for raising productivity in

different regions, consumer-preferred quality traits and food safety. The research and

development focus would be on the entire value-chain beginning from production,

postharvest, value-addition, processing until marketing to avoid losses in perishable

commodities. Effort will be made in a partnership mode for enhancing shelf-life and

quality traits (colour, size, and aroma) of these perishable commodities through different

post-harvest approaches.

Post-harvest and value-addition

Agri-marketing in Guyana is unorganized and inefficient. The losses in entire food

supply chain may be up to 25% losses. The regional markets for value-added and

processed commodities of food and spice commodities are increasing. Low-cost

improved technologies are therefore required to trap the potential and improve market

efficiency in a competitive manner. New opportunities have emerged with the opening of

the trade within CARICOM member states, therefore issues of sanitary and phyto-

sanitary measures needs to be addressed properly. Post-harvest losses will be reduced by

(i) compressing supply chain and establishing linkage between producers and markets;

(ii) processing of food commodities in production areas to add value and (iii) developing

small-scale processing refrigerated chambers or cold storages. It will require multi-

disciplinary and multi-stakeholder research for agri-commodities (post-harvesting

engineering, horticulture) with more focus on primary and secondary levels of value-

addition and processing.

Management of energy and agricultural waste

The growing energy crisis is a serious concern for an agriculture sector and food security.

Efficient energy management in agriculture is a challenge in R & D. Due to high

dependence on oil and non-renewable sources of energy, agriculture is becoming more

risk prone and less profitable. Therefore, new sources of renewable energy need to be

explored. Farm machinery that suits Guyanese farmers and improves efficiency of

agricultural operations would be promoted. Research would be strengthened to develop

bio-fuels and by effectively utilizing huge agriwaste (crop residues).

Management of bio-risk

The climate change and trans-boundary movement of insect-pests and diseases posing

risks is increasing in agriculture production. It is adding cost, reducing yields and

adversely affecting farm income. To overcome such risk, effective and integrated risk-

and-disaster management production systems and institutional mechanisms will be

developed. Bio-risk intelligent system (such as early warning systems, drought and flood

indicators, migratory movement of bio-risk agents, etc.) would be developed for decision

making at the local, regional and national levels. The plant protection and quarantine

services may be utilized for achieving such objectives.


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Institutions and policies

The issues such as rising food demand, uncertainties, globalization and emerging private

sector in agri-research and agribusiness will be tackled effectively by means of well

designing policies, institutional mechanisms, mobilizing political support and improving

governance of service providers in the value-chain. The emergence of the intellectual

property rights regime poses additional challenge and it need to be converted in to

opportunity. Innovative institutional models, pro-agricultural policies and regulatory

mechanisms would be evolved for accelerating innovations, ensuring food security,

enhancing livelihood of farmers, and also for conserving natural resources on a long term

basis.

Human-resource development

Proper human resource development is a pre-requisite for implementing and upgrading

research programmes, developing technologies, evolving institutional arrangements to

face challenges and harness opportunities. The staff will be encouraged to sharpen their

skill and qualifications through training and pursuing post graduate studies.

Technology transfer systems

It is important to continuously strive to develop new and better technologies. Effective

delivery mechanisms will greatly help in bridging the gap between the potential and the

realized productivity. More far-reaching, participatory information and communication

technology would be evolved by optimizing print and electronic delivery systems for

effective linkages between researchers and the stakeholders.

National mangroves project

Short and long term research in the areas of stressors of mangrove ecosystems, hydrology

of mangrove forests, carbon sequestration and mangroves and the value of mangroves to

marine life, will be conducted in collaboration with the University of Guyana to get a

better understanding of Guyana’s mangrove ecosystem and support the restoration and

sustainable management of mangroves. The GMIS will be incorporated with the Shore

Zone Management System which currently monitors sea defense structures to provide

complete monitoring of both hard and soft sea defenses. The GMIS will be

complemented by a cadre of mangrove rangers on the ground providing monitoring data

and protection.


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Strategic framework The following strategies would be adopted to accomplish the plan and the goals of the

National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute, as well as to improve its

efficiency and effectiveness of the research resources.

Improvement in the efficiency of resources (human and financial) as well as

effectiveness in utilization of available infrastructure.

Formulating target-oriented, region-wise mega research and technology

development programmes with coordinated, interdisciplinary and inter institutions

approach in and outside the NAREI.

Demand-driven and resource-based research programmes targeting smallholders

and emerging market opportunities.

Focus more on marginal, fragile areas and urban agriculture.

Developing synergies with partners and stakeholders in developing improved

technologies, systems and information.

Accelerated dissemination of improved technologies, knowledge and information

to stakeholders.

Development of effective delivery systems and evolve institutional models for

linking research and development system with farmers and other stakeholders in

the value-chain. This will be targeted for better adoption, cost-effective post-

harvest management, value-addition and processing and efficient marketing

through information and communication technology and e-extension.

Provide state-of-the-art scientific facilities in laboratories and infrastructure.

Develop institutional mechanisms and governance structure for establishing

linkages between technology generation and dissemination system with feedback

providing from end users.

Link research and development system with society by improving science of

communication by developing awareness and sensitization programmes for

benefits of science and food safety concerns of the society.

Enhance quality of human resource in agri-supply chain.

Improve capacity of human resource in research for development through talent

management for overcoming new and complex challenges.

Develop an accountable, professional, motivated and intellectual property rights-

compatible work-culture.

Facilitate harmonization of intellectual property domain with other parallel laws

in and outside the country.

Promote effective, efficient and decentralized governance by introducing best

management practices in the National Agricultural Research and Extension

Institute.

Institutionalize project-based budgeting, management information system (MIS)

and priority-setting, monitoring and evaluation (PME).

Involvement of social sciences in research prioritization, and technology

development, targeting and dissemination.

Research projects to deal with rainfed, backward, fragile and marginal ecosystems

and vulnerable groups; and provide gender-friendly technologies.


33

Evolve a lean-and-efficient administration by employing information and

communication technology.

Develop a performance-based work-culture with incentives-and rewards system; a

Develop a futuristic human resource development programme in cutting-edge

science and technology.

The programmes to be developed must fulfill one of following criteria:

i. Broadening of the genetic base, yield potential, quality according to local and

international needs, wider adaptability, responsiveness to inputs, tolerance to

fluctuations of weather, biotic and abiotic factors with clear advantages over local or

farmers’ own varieties in crops;

ii. Providing services to farmers and other stakeholders related to pest diagnosis and

management, strategic survey and surveillance for biotic and abiotic stresses for an

early warning and suggesting their management strategies to reduce losses,

prevention of exotic pests and diseases and promotion of international trade according

to currents international guidelines and norms.

iii. Development of efficient resource management practices keeping in view of local

conditions prevailing, climate change, conservation agriculture, adoption of new

varieties and crops, cropping systems and technologies for integrated nutrient, water

and weed management.

iv. Enhanced quality seed production, processing, packaging, storage and distribution

through ‘public private partnership’ approach for improving the seed replacement

ration and fast impact of new technologies generated to farmers and agricultural

production in Guyana. Generation of quality seedlings of vegetables, spices and

saplings of fruit and distribution of these in different regions.

v. Efficient extension services for improving proper and fast dissemination of new

technologies, testing of new technologies at farmers’ fields, conduct of surveys,

analysis and providing feedback to researchers for possible corrections in

technologies, farmers participatory approach for seed production, varietal

identification, conservation agriculture and IPM aiming to improve production,

productivity, reduced cost of cultivation and increased profit in an environmentally

friendly manner on a sustainable basis.

vi. To safeguard the interests of local farmers by developing mechanisms of

implementation of new Seed and Plant Quarantine Acts (2011).

vii. Training of farmers in the emerging fields of seed and seedling production, spice

production, post harvest technologies for improving shelves life of produce and value

addition, integrated pest and weed management, care for export oriented crops, clean

and smart agricultural practices, conservation agriculture, handling of crop protection

and new farm equipments, protective agriculture, urban agriculture, income

generation to women through agricultural production and food processing and

interface between industry and growers.

vii. Income generation to the institute through sale of technologies generated, contract

research projects, externally funded projects, sale of seed, seedlings, samplings,

produce, consultancy services to private organizations, renting of equipments,

infrastructures, services (sample analysis, diagnosis, quarantine, soil surveys, and

analysis), trainings and extending faculties’ for post graduate research.


34

Strategic framework

Goal Approach Performance measure

Improve food security Sustained agricultural intensification for higher productivity and quality. Increase

food access through improvement in storage, transport and distribution systems.

Contribution of research and development

in reducing malnutrition and enhancing

income.

Increase opportunities

for inclusive research

Increase efficiency and profitability of improve supply-chain efficiencies of

agricultural commodities. Develop and introduce new products by involving

farmers (bio-fuels, safe and organic products). Develop demand-driven high-value

low volume products (Spices, fruits), with their cost-effective post-harvest

technologies. Evolve institutional mechanisms for market linkages, market access;

and supply-chain issues.

Better livelihood opportunities by means

of higher income and improved quality of

life.

Enhance

competitiveness of

Guyanese agriculture

Product development to adhere to phytosanitary issues. Improve market

intelligence for prices, niche markets and products in domestic and global markets.

Improve food safety of products, inputs for effective policies meant for enhancing

trade and improving regulatory mechanisms.

R & D contribution in promoting trade

and in reducing rejections of export

consignments of agricultural produce.

Maintenance the

quality of

natural resources

Conservation of genetic diversity. Management for improvement of quality of soil,

land and water. Reduced emissions in air. Improve policies for accounting

ecosystem services; ecological economics and trade in carbon

Credits.

Improved water- and input- use

efficiency, Enhanced carbon sequestration

and carbon credits gained.

Improve safe

production, value

addition and

processing of food

Develop technologies for demand-driven, value-added products for food, energy,

industrial and other purposes. Pilot research models that link production, value-

addition and marketing. Promote intellectual property management.

Developed techniques and processed

products. Established public-private

partnership model in agri- processing.

Established linkages with industry and

farmers.

Proper risk

management

Technologies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Address market risks

through improved market intelligence; improved market access. Address issues

related to bio-security Policies and institutional arrangements to address climate

change; disaster relief, and bio-security.

Green House Gases reduced. Rapid

response to reduce the impact of floods

and droughts on production. Higher

export.

Improve access to

genetic material,

information,

Improve access to genetic resources through repository of germplasm.

Improve access to technologies through technology transfer systems.

Improve access to information through effective use of Information and

Shared germplasm. Developed

websites for sharing knowledge and

information.


35

knowledge and

resources.

Communication Technology in supply chain management Access data,

including geospatial data and knowledge resources

Adequate and

quality human

resources

Effective co-ordination of multi-commodity, multi-disciplinary research in

entire supply chain of agricultural commodities. Capacity building through

training at the national and international level. Facilitation of PG thesis

work. Training courses.

Improved research efficiency.

Qualified manpower in agriculture,

agri-research and agri-business.

Mangroves

restoration

Understanding the dynamics of Guyana’s coastline and its influence on

successful mangrove restoration to support sea defense.

Creation of biological boundary to

protect land and localities from rising

sea and high tides.


36

Strategic Objectives

The following will be the Institute’s priority areas and programmes during 2013-2017:

1. Productivity Improvement through Genetic Potential Enhancement

Development of novel plant types, hybrids in open- and self-pollinated crops, new

varieties of crops (Cereals, grain legumes, Plantation crops, fruits, vegetables)

having varying maturity, improved quality, nutritional enrichment, and suitability

for export backed by an appropriate production and post harvest technology for

value addition and processing.

Registration of genetic stocks and protection of plant resources under IPR regime.

Seed production, processing and maintenance breeding and seed technology

development particularly for vegetables seeds.

Acceleration in plant breeding efforts for specific character trait.

Augmentation of the scion bank, root stock research, innovative orchard

management for higher production, fruit quality, and high density planting, micro

propagation of fruits, technology for fresh pulp, syrups, juices and other value

added products.

Strengthening of seed production, protected horticulture and saplings Production.

2. Resource Management and Environment Protection

Integrated nutrient management (INM), precision agriculture, water management,

organic farming, and crop residue management in different cropping systems and

regions.

Soil, water and nutrient management, maintenance of soil fertility to sustain

agricultural productivity, resource conservation technology (RCT) for maximizing

crop production.

Strengthening of research in the area of global warming, management of impact

of climate changes.

3. Ensuring food production, food security and food safety

Integrated pest management (IPM), weed management.

Plant Quarantine, strategic surveys for insect pests and diseases.

Issues related to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) agreement, Codex, biodiversity

and bio-safety needs.

Pest risk analysis to promote export.

Biocontrol as important component of pest management.

Evaluation of new pesticides against threatening diseases and insect pests.

Early warning and management strategies for insect pests and diseases having

potential to cause epidemic and heavy damage.

4. Basic Sciences

Enhancing the capability in cutting-edge science and technologies such as

molecular biology and biotechnology. Use of tissue culture for in situ germplasm

conservation of vegetatively propagative crops.


37

5. Dissemination and Transfer of Technology

Extension management, improving managerial skills of extension personnel, rural

entrepreneurship development, gender empowerment, capacity building for

programme monitoring and evaluation.

Advisory service for proper nutrient usage, pest identification, IPM, biocontriol,

,testing of soil and water quality, weather-based agro-advisory to farmers on

resource management and environment protection.

Methodology for quality seeds production and location specific extension models

for ‘public-private partnership’ to facilitate commercialization of agriculture.

Developing and promoting village-based models for market-led agriculture.

Popularization of new crops and their new varieties and technologies in different

regions.

Promotion of ‘public-private partnership’ to facilitate commercialization of

agriculture

6. Socio-Economic and Policy research

Making agriculture cost-effective and sustainable with focus on strengthening of

market information system and agri-business management.

Research on impact assessment and priority setting, environmental accounting,

agro-diversity, contract farming, farmer’s concern and linking production with

marketing.

Facilitating to reach products of institute to farmers and others at affordable

terms, and taking steps to protect innovation through intellectual property rights,

trade mark, copy right, patent, etc.

7. Human Resource Development

Helping students to conduct research for their thesis work at institute.

Training courses in the areas of biotechnology, IPM, and seed production

technologies.

Schedule for Implementation of Strategic Objectives:

The key result areas, the programes and projects to be implemented over the five year

period are shown in exhibits 1-7.


38

IV. MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SRDA, 2013-2017

For proper implementation of the various researches, extension, plant quarantine and

developmental activities, the institute will be organized into ten programmes. These

are:

1. Crop Improvement;

2. Resource Management;

3. Crop Protection;

4. Horticulture

5. Agro-energy Research

6. Plant Quarantine Services and International Trade Issues

7. Extension and Social Sciences

Besides these, the issues will be tackled at regional basis by using Regional Research

Centres of NAREI as well as Agriculture Technology Information Centres. The

different units which will support the project activities of above programmes will be

as follows:

1. Crop Research Centre

2. Horticultural Research Centre

3. Horticultural Nursery

4. Seed processing, packing and sale unit

5. Green Houses

6. Weather station

7. Crop Science Museum

8. Mitigation of Climate Change

9. Farm Operational Service Unit

10. Farmers’ Hostel cum Guest House

11. Computers and Information Technology

12. Library and Information Science

The above scientific and development programmes and units will be supported by

Administrative services and Financial services units.

The Office of the

CEO

The Office of CEO will have the overall responsibility for these programmes and

units and will be answerable to Board of Directors and Minister of Agriculture.

DCEO

Under supervision of CEO, his office will assist in management of NAREI will be

responsible for all extension and training activities and seed production programmes

at farmers fields.


39

ACEO

He will be under CEO and will assist in management of NAREI as well as will be

responsible for plant quarantine services and liaison with other agencies and

stakeholders in promoting export and facilitating import of seeds and other agri

products at national level. The office of CEO will tackle any bio threats and conduct

strategic pest surveys and pest risk analysis in collaboration with Crop Protection

Programme of NAREI and other national and international agencies.

The Major activities of different programmes will be as follows:

1. Crop Improvement: The main activities of programme will be to broaden and

diversify the genetic base of crops for better productivity and quality, collection,

preservation, testing, characterization and utilization of germplasm, conduct of

varietal testing trials, production of nucleus seed of promising varieties, use of

biotechnological and tissue culture techniques for crop improvement and

preservation of germplasm. The major components will be cereals, pulses,

oilseeds and tuber crops. The major aim will be to enhance agriculture production

of nontraditional crops by 15-20% than existing figures at the end of 2017 in a

gradual basis. Seed is the basic unit to achieve major breakthrough in agriculture.

It is therefore of high priority and will cater the need for generation of technology

for seed production of field crops, and vegetables. The work ion hybrid

technology will be strengthened. The production of foundation and certified seeds

will be made through PPP mode and seed growers will be trained and motivated

to produce seed of new varieties. The seed production will be strengthened at

regional basis using centres of NAREI. The seed processing unit will be

revamped and nucleus money to act as revolving fund for seed production will be

proposed. The research on packaging and safe storage of seed at farmers’ level

will be strengthened for better sustainability.

2. Resource Management: This programme is of paramount importance keeping in

view of present global scenario, climate change, conservation agriculture, global

warming, and better income to farmers. The cost of cultivation will be reduced

with increase in productivity per unit area through integrated, weed, water,

nutrient and residue management as well as soil health will be improved through

crop diversification and use of bio-fertilizers. The digital maps of soils at regional

levels will be prepared for proper crop production planning. The crop production

technologies will be evolved for new varieties as well as refined for better

productivity. The programme will serve the farmers for testing of soil samples

and will conduct contact research with agencies dealing with weedicides,

fertilizers, and other cultural operations of crops. Facilities for screening of new

varieties for tolerance to soil acidity and alkalinity will be created.

3. Crop Protection: It is quite important to reduce losses due insect pests,

nematodes and diseases in field crops, fruit trees and vegetables. In general 10-

15% losses are resulted in produce due to such biotic stresses as well as quality

and shelve life and market acceptance is reduced. The losses due to some diseases

may be quite high (Black Sigatoka diseases in Bananas, root knot nematode in

vegetables, Gemini viruses in vegetables, Carambola Fruit Fly, mealy bug etc.)


40

and crops may be totally fruit less. The programme will thus conduct research on

integrated pest management, weed management, bio control, and ant bait, conduct

strategic surveys of pests, diagnose the diseases samples and test new germplasm

and varieties against diseases and insect pests as well as identify new pesticides

for effective control. It will conduct contact research with agencies dealing with

pesticides.

4. Horticulture: Looking the high potential and demand of horticultural crops, the

horticulture programme will target improvement in the varieties of fruits and will

also introduce new fruit crops at national and regional levels keeping in view of

demand and trade prospects. It will collect and preserve the local varieties. The

research will be intensified on spices and high value, low volume horticultural

crops to improve income of farmers. Looking the popularity of coconut amongst

farmers, the programme will have special emphasis for varietal improvement and

management of its orchards. It will be assisted with a Horticulture Research

Centre and horticultural nursery to cater the needs of stakeholders. Vegetables are

essential components of our daily diet and have shown big potential for export. A

separate programme will aim to improve the varieties of major vegetable crops,

test new vegetables in Guyana and develop technologies for seed production and

nursery establishment. The protective agriculture will be promoted to raise

seedlings during off season, reducing impact of climate change and growing high

value vegetables. Research on crops like onion and garlic as well as potato which

are imported in large quantity in Guyana will be strengthened to cultivate these

locally and cut import bill. The programme will develop locally adaptable

technologies for processing of spices, cassava, vegetables and fruits and work in

collaboration with GMC, and local agro processing industries. Proper harvesting,

post harvest hygiene, treatment, sorting, and packing for fruits and vegetables will

be developed to cater the need for local and export markets as well as for

minimizing losses. The utilization of new crops (millets etc.) may be

demonstrated to farmers groups. The programme will be involved in training as

well as disposal of NAREI products.

5. Agro-energy Research: The research will be conducted to revitalization of

coconut industry as well as use of other agro wastes for energy production in

collaboration with other national and internal agencies to reduce dependence of

Guyana on fossil fuel.

6. Plant Quarantine Services and International Trade Issues: The programme

will deal with quarantine issues at national level, issue phytosanitory certificates,

do post entry quarantine, pest risk analysis, field certifications, trainings of

stakeholders and develop strategies to deal with bio threats in agriculture. The

programme will be key agency to liaison with Guyana Marketing Corporation and

will cooperation in providing intelligence for overseas market to promote export

of agricultural product and products. The programme will develop proper

facilities at major ports of entry and business to deal with import and export and

generate income by providing such services to private business community. Post

entry quarantine facilities will be created at NAREI.

7. Extension and Social Sciences: The extension and social sciences will play key

role in passing the dividends of research to farmers and other stakeholders and


41

early dissemination of improved technologies for enhancing agricultural

production. The impact assessment of technologies will give an idea of suitability

and auditing of research as well as need for making proper corrections in future

technologies. The proper extension methodology and use of IT tools, web based

data bank and marketing information will lead to greater impact of new

technologies in far of places for improving income of farming community.

ORGANISATION

The new organogram for the Institute is shown in Appendix I. It takes into consideration

a re-organised departmental structure which was described above. The extension and

quarantine services are integrated well in new structure of NAREI. Detailed organogram

of extension services has been shown in Appendix II and III where focus has been

given on region and location specific R&D.


42

V. PATHWAYS TO IMPACT The contributions of the institute to IMOD will be in the form of national public goods

and innovations (scientific knowledge, technologies, problem solving expertise, methods

and related outputs). These contributions will be made available to all stakeholders.

These contributions are aimed to improve income, proper food availability, remove

malnutrition and environmental degradation. NAREI will document and publish the

outputs, outcomes and impacts of work to learn what works, what doesn’t, and why. This

exercise will serve three main purposes:

To develop an understanding needed for appropriate corrections in midterm for

improving the effectiveness of ongoing activities and improve future planning;

To provide proof to stakeholders of what they achieved; and

To generate new knowledge.

Impact pathways within IMOD

IMOD challenges conventional approaches vide which farmers are helped. The resource

poor farmers have number of constraints and to resolve these we need complex, costly

and unlikely investments from government which may only provide partial relief.

Through IMOD, we empower the resource poor to end poverty through their own actions.

It strives for permanent change for the better and sustainably improves income enhancing

and re-investing part of that income for farm enterprises.

To whom, we serve and how?

The success of any business is ‘know your customers’. NAREI serves a diverse group

having differing needs across different geographical distances and development sectors.

NAREI will focus on widely applicable issues so that these may lead to impact on a large

scale in different regions. NAREI services being provided to four major groups:

Stakeholders: All those who are affected by, or who affect, NAREI work;

Partners: Those stakeholders that engage in joint activity with NAREI;

Clients: The direct uses of our outputs, such as policy makers, development

agencies, NGOs, networks and seed companies; and

Beneficiaries: Those who ultimately receive the dividends of work of NAREI,

(smallholder farm households, communities, consumers and users of scientific

knowledge).

The impacts on groups will be assessed and differentiated through effective impact

pathways. The impact strategy will address the differing needs of both clients and

beneficiaries. More emphasis will be on women and children as beneficiaries since they

need better empowerment. The children remain dependent largely on women for their

well-being, and problem of malnutrition may be better tackled for prioritizing

agricultural research-for-development for gender equity in work of NAREI.

Impact terminology and monitoring and assessment framework

The impact pathway framework of NAREI highlights three stages:

Outputs: These are the direct results of our research, for NAREI is accountable;


43

Outcomes: It is the measure of the use of outputs by partners and clients, for

which NAREI is co-responsible by way of knowledge sharing, training and

dissemination activities; and

Impacts: The valued results of outcomes received by beneficiaries.

The strategic tasks will deliver the specified number of quantifiable outputs such as high

yielding disease resistant varieties of crops, novel tools, capacity-strengthening services,

new information resources etc. These outputs ultimately produce outcomes such as the

use of new tools and approaches, better policies and regulations based on sound scientific

advice, adoption of better and higher-value varieties, more nutritious foods and marketing

of excess production. Further reinforcement of outcomes as developmental activities by

other agencies at national and regional level, the desired impacts of more resilient climate

change farming and increased income, food availability at smallholder farm house holds

levels will be made. The progress for outcomes will be monitored and evaluated by

means of Milestones set for each strategic task. The progress will be measured by

considering what would happen in the absence of certain outputs by developing

benchmarks.

In achieving impacts, the roles and responsibilities of different partners as well as the

enabling influences of external factors is very important. NAREI will be providing them

the knowledge and expertise they need to maximize the intended outcomes and impacts.

Impact assessment of agriculture research of NAREI

A 10-15% rate of return is considered adequate for most investments including

agricultural research. The impact assessment of agricultural research is not easy. Some

procedures which have be used to calculate benefits arriving out of research are shifts in

production, productivity and supply chain, surplus of produce created, higher income per

unit area, higher cost :benefit ratio, extent of which inputs are saved, increase in export

etc. A single agriculture technology used may change the overall income and prosperity

in a community. The change in cropping pattern, change in productivity of cereal crops,

pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits, use of high-yielding varieties, use of fertilizers

(NPK), manure and other bio fertilizers, use of tractor/new machinery, change in

economic indicators in targeted areas and net returns/ha/yr are some of the measurable

parameters which may give overall idea of impact of agricultural research and

development. To know the value for money, the physical outputs and outcomes vis-a-vis

the budget spent during the period under report will be worked out. Since socio-economic

impact of research on farmers/beneficiaries and transferability of results to farmers are

important aspects of research outcome, therefore transferability will be mandatory for

major research projects. The extension activities may be assessed by taking in to account

of numbers of field days conducted, agriculture exhibition attended, farmers' fairs, radio

talks, TV shows, film shows, training materials produced (Pamphlets, Video-cassette,

slides, charts etc.), farm science club organized, agri-women clubs organized, extension

trainings, meetings organized etc. A status of research - extension linkages at the regional

and district level may be assessed by knowing the kind of mechanism exists for local co-

ordination of the frontline extension demonstration between his office and regional Govt.

bodies, the frequency of meetings of staff of region, monthly workshops organized,


44

participation of staff in seminars at regional and national levels involvements of local

NGOs in regional programmes, promotion of local farm science and agri-women clubs

and joint programmes undertaken. The names and addresses of farmers who have been

benefited by adopting new technologies, numbers of improved technologies received and

adopted in the enterprises, planting material produced and distributed, fruit trees

introduced (No.), consultancy on soil analysis, diagnosis of disease and insect samples,

land-use planning, cropping patterns improved hand tools and implements introduced are

some parameters for measuring the effectiveness of extension services at regional level.

The progress of quarantine services may be measured in terms of samples analyzed,

strategic pest surveys conducted, phytosanitary certificates issued, farm certifications

done, pest risk analysis performed and capacity enhancement. The five-year review

(achievement audit) is essential for monitoring progress of research, its relevance and

excellence, and for providing guidelines to the NAREI for taking steps for the fulfillment

of the mission and goals of the institute. The review will evaluate its constraints,

potentials, strategies and plans in scientific research and management of the programme.

It is thus both retrospective and prospective. It is important to provide a mechanism of

transparency and accountability to the Boards of Directors of NAREI and Honourable

Minister of Agriculture at the level of the Government of Guyana.


45

VI. CHANGES IN CULTURE AT NAREI

NAREI needs to change in terms of its new perspectives, knowledge, ideas and capacities

to enable it to keep pace with the rapid national and global changes. Once such

perspective is that we at NAREI, do not settle for business as usual. Changes are

therefore needed not only at the level of what we do, but also in the manner how we do

our business. To make such changes, all need to adapt to enable new ways of doing

business take root.

Adoption of learning culture

NAREI needs to develop ‘learning organization’ to implement aspired changes through

the way of embracing and sharing new ideas and innovations. It would be a powerful tool

for adjusting the strategic directions, activities, operations and work plans at institute in a

progressive way. Such cultural changes at NAREI may be in terms of:

Interdisciplinary and inter institutional teamwork in stronger sense right from

planning to execution to impact assessment, fostered by changes in structures

and processes;

Research planning and management based on systems perspective;

Proper monitoring and assessment for dealing with shortcomings identified

through changing approaches and priorities;

By way of welcome the challenges to conventional assumptions;

Willingness to identify knowledge gaps, inviting new expertise and review;

Promoting the ‘science–policy interface’ such as formal and informal leaders

of society, policy planners, decision makers and private sector and civil

society organizations for enhancing impacts of NAREI; and

Promoting culture of valuing, encouraging and rewarding innovations on one

hand and using failure as a learning opportunity.

Institutionalization of change in culture will be achieved through supporting structures,

incentives, practices and processes. Learning and knowledge-sharing activities will be

encouraged. Self review and new ideas will be encouraged to promote true learning can

and generation of novel ideas.

Resource mobilization

It is quite challenging to harmonize research, extension and plant protection and

quarantine services in new structure of NAREI. Further few small projects need to be fit

in a unified portfolio that matches the Institute’s strategic priorities and emphases, and

longer-term objectives. These challenges may hinder teamwork, knowledge sharing and

flexibility at institute level. The harmonization of these will be achieved through

conceptual framework of IMOD. The funding in future will be geared to support the

Institute’s agreed work program.

Human resources and cultural change

Human resources management will be key issue in fostering cultural change at Institute.

Different values (interdisciplinary teamwork, partnership, knowledge sharing and


46

innovation related to culture will be given credit in annual staff performance reviews,

awards and other incentives. This may need external expertise in implementing and

developing a culture of learning. Alternative staffing arrangements such as short term

contracts, part-time retainers and consultancies will be adopted to fulfill need of new

expertise. The face-to-face communications and field visits will be encouraged. The

talented students will be facilitates to carry out research at NAREI to increase the

intensity of cutting-edge research activity across the Institute and also strengthening

capacities at national level. New and talented individuals will be recruited for better

opportunities and challenges. New recruits bring new knowledge, skills and ideas for

innovation. Proper overlapping of these new staff will be made to avoid discontinuity in

institutional memory and prevent ‘reinventing of the wheel’. Better supportive working

environment will be created in order to retain most talented scientists, managers and staff

at NAREI.

Public awareness and cultural change

An understanding of work done at NAREI by stakeholders is vital for winning their

confidence and continued support to the Institute. Besides face to face discussions, the

use of latest information and communications technology will be made for raising public

awareness. Scientific information dissemination requires skilled crafting of messages in a

language which is easily understood by, and connects emotionally with, the general

public. Therefore complexities of information, uncertainties and assumptions need

careful handling to avoid masking of key message. The extension specialists and workers

will work on these skills of communications without sacrificing scientific objectivity and

credibility of messages. Communications will be simple, concise and clear. Partner

contributions will always be fully acknowledged in this process. The fast emerging

toolbox of digital technologies will be of much help. The institute web page will be made

more informative and interactive to stakeholders. Regular uploading of reports of pest

surveys, threats of climate change, opportunities and things to be done in crops during the

particular month will be made. The connectivity will be ensured round the clock with

proper power back up. The cellular phone services (SMS etc) will be used to inform the

farming clubs for any forewarning and measures needed to avoid losses in crops. Short

video clips and photography will be made and telecasted using national TV channels. It

will be to provide clearer perception of the places where we work and of the people

whom we serve. NAREI web site will serve a role of digital repository of its research

reports, bulletins and publications. For those farmers who do not have computers and cell

phones, radio talks will be broadcasted.


47

VII. FUNDING FOR THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Adequate funding is a necessary pre-requisite to achieve the goals and objectives of the

Research and Development Strategy (2013-2017). One time funding is needed from

government for creation of necessary infrastructure, equipments, renovation, revolving

fund for seed production and strengthening research and extension activities at NAREI

and its regional centres. Well equipped laboratory to detect exotic pathogens, and insects

with planting material and post entry quarantine facilities are needed at NAREI. Besides

regular funding from government, funds will be generated through externally funded

projects from international donor agencies, bilateral programmes, consultancies, contract

research projects, fee for testing of samples of seeds, new varieties, agro chemicals, soil,

plant, trainings, PG thesis work, sale of technologies, seeds, seedlings and saplings of

fruit trees, farm produce, hiring of implements and facilities etc. The criteria for such

charges and fees will be worked out and implemented with approval of competent

authority. It is aimed to generate funds amounting 20-30% of annual budget of NAREI

by such means. A revolving fund scheme may be proposed for funding in seed

production which will be self sustainable and will use the one time grant to generate more

funds by means of seed production using public-private partnership (PPP) model and

providing technical guidance to seed growers in which both NAREI and seed growers

will share the profit and quality seed/planting material of high yielding crops will be sold

to farmers as well as used for on farm demonstrations and further multiplication. A

mechanism will be proposed for sharing part of such profit with researchers and team

members of consultancy, contract and revolving fund scheme to motivate them for

achievements. The prioritization of funds and resources will be made to use these in an

effective way so that maximum profit may be attained.


48

VIII. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING/SUPPORT

In order for the activities identified to be successfully executed under the Research and

Development Agenda, the current staff position would need to be strengthened,

especially the category dedicated to research and development. The current levels of

staffing and the proposal for 2013 - 2017 is shown in Tables 14, 15, 16 and 17:

Table 14. Schedule of staffing for research, 2013 – 2017

Designation Actual

Staffing

Suggested Staffing

Research Management

Positions

3 3

Senior Research

Scientist/Research Scientist

4 17 (5-Plant breeders, 1 –Horticulture, 1-

Vegetables, 2-Seed Technology, 1- Agronomy, 1

–Entomology, 1-Biochemistry, 1- Social

Sciences)

Senior Research

Assistant/Research Assistant

53 86

A ration of 1:5 may be maintained between Scientist and technical assistant.

Table 15. Schedule of staffing for extension, 2013 – 2017

Designation Actual Staffing Suggested Staffing Regional Crop Extension Officer 2 10 District Crop Extension Officer 18 30

Extension Assistant 16 19

Table 16. Schedule of staffing for Plant Quarantine, 2013 – 2017

Designation Actual Staffing Suggested Staffing

Chief Plant Protection Officer 1 1

Incharge, Plant Protection 0 1

Incharge, Quarantine/ Pest Risk Analysis 0 1

Senior Quarantine Officer 0 1

Senior Plant Protection Officer 0 1

Quarantine Officer 2 3

Plant Protection Officer 2 3

Senior Quarantine Inspector 0 7

Senior Plant Protection Assistant 0 2

Quarantine Inspector 15 21


49

Table 17. Schedule of staffing for Administration and General services, 2013 – 2017

Administration 29 30*

Skilled workers 70 70

Unskilled workers 113 110*

*Most of the office job may be done through contractual services. Based on the nature of

work, may be put on contract through a contractor. Likewise numbers of vehicles owned

may be minimized and kept close to number of drivers in place to cut the maintenance

cost. The hiring of vehicles instead may be economical as and when required from a

transport agency.

Regular skill up gradation and exposure of team members of each programme is needed

to make them more productive. Opportunities for time bound promotions through proper

assessment of their achievements will boost the morale and output of team members. The

programme/ project team leader may be given some financial powers to meet day to day

expenses of their proposed activities. The work progress of scientists may be monitored

on half yearly basis and each one may be encouraged to publish their research work in

good scientific journals. Since scientists are asset to a nation and are key persons for

leading the nation in science and technology therefore special provisions may be kept for

engaging them in service on regular basis or at least on 10 years contract. Creating of

separate Agriculture Research Service (ARS) may be the welcoming step in this regard

and attractive pay and packages may be proposed to scientists to attract them to work in

Guyana and return back from abroad to serve nation. Like other national and international

research organizations, NAREI may be given more autonomy to perform better.

Infrastructure proposed

In order to achieve the goals set for next five years, following intra structure is needed at

NAREI:

Table 17. Proposed infrastructure at NAREI (2013-2017)

S. No. Item Total Numbers

1. Weather controlled glass houses/ polyhouses 10

2. Net houses 10

3. Biocontrol lab 1

4. Media preparation and sterilization facility 1

5. Post Entry Quarantine facility 1

6. Seed processing and packing unit 2

7. Seed stores 3

8. Threshing floors 3

9. Medium term germplasm storage facility 1

10. Biochemistry, quality and post harvest technology lab. 1

11. Photocopying, duplication, binding unit 1


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12. Computerization of library, subscription of online journals

13. New block for laboratories of new programmes proposed

14. Auditorium ( 100 & 500 person capacity) 2

15. Communication facilities, audio visual facilities 10

16. Digital library of publications, photos, films etc. 1

17. Canteen for staff 1

18. Visitors’ lounge 1

19. Crop museum 1

20. Farmers training Hostel 1

21. Guest house (10 rooms) 1

22. Children park 1

23. Creation of indoor sports facility 1

24. Crèche 1

25. Residences/ Flats 10

26. Renovation of water supply

27. Agricultural technology information centres (Regional) 10

28. Renovation of roads (NAREI/ Regional centres)

29. Renovation of labs

30. Renovation of houses

31. Renovation of weather station

32. Procurement of new farm equipment for conservation

agriculture, threshers etc.

33. Revamping of main gate of NAREI, boundary fence

34. Technology demonstration and sale counter 1

35. Security huts 5


51

IN CONCLUSION

Our strategic planning exercise initiated with more questions than answers. The questions

came in our mind were Where to begin? How to choose unifying directions and themes

out of number of ideas and challenges? How should we build on the past as well as move

in an innovative way into the future? How to deal with situations and opportunities came

with new Acts, mandates and structure of institute? However with active participation of

staff these questions were answered. The discussions resulted consensus on the major

directions for managing such changes. The market-oriented development (IMOD), a

holistic systems approach; and need of building resilience against threats of change in

climate. The need and importance of strong and purposeful partnerships, regional focus

of research, harnessing the potential of new scientific tools, and use of power of

information technology were major themes for future planning. The plan proposed

reflects a collective commitment and desire on part of NAREI to harness these ideas to

improve income, proper food availability, remove malnutrition and environmental

degradation across the country. Working together and with partners, we are confident that

institute will take major strides towards achieving its Mission/goals over the course of the

coming five years.


52

SCHEDULE OF STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

The key result areas, the programmes and projects to be implemented over the five year period are shown in exhibits 1-7

Exhibit 1. Schedule of Strategic Objective 1 - Productivity Improvement through Genetic Potential Enhancement

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Crop Improvement, seed production and technology dissemination

Acquisition of improved crop genotypes, varieties, germplasm nurseries

Breeding and varietal improvement, selection in segregating populations genetic

stock nurseries for different components

Varietal evaluations and selection at multilocations, Farmers’ participatory

varietal selection

Varietal identification and release, production of nucleus, foundation and

certified seeds

Front line demonstration of new and improved varieties vis a vis traditional

varieties, feedback from farmers, field days to transfer technology at testing sites

Seed production in PPP mode, seed production on “seed village” concept though

MOU with seed growers and NAREI, seed processing and distribution through

revolving fund seed scheme, seed days for sale of seed at NAREI and regional

centres

Refinement of technology of protective agriculture for production of seedlings of

vegetable and other plants, sale of plants

Greenhouse technology for growing off season vegetables

Infrastructure creation for grafting, scions, raising of seedlings of vegetables and

saplings of fruit trees

Multiplication of seedlings, saplings of improved varieties

Feasibility studies for new crops and technologies in newer areas and farmers’

trainings in crop production and protection, post harvest handling and seed

production


53

Exhibit 2. Schedule of Strategic Objective 2 – Resource Management and Environment Protection

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Generation of crop production technology for new varieties of crops,

new crops

Integrated Nutrient Management

Integrated water Management

Digital maps of soils at regional basis

Screening of new crop, entries of varietal trials, nurseries against soil

acidity, alkalinity

Soil testing services

Conservation agriculture practices, zero tillage, residue incorporation,

raised bed planting

Experiments on Organic cultivation, Vermicompost, PGPR,

Rhizobium, manures, green manuring

New areas for crop cultivation (existing crops, new crops)

Crop diversification, crop rotation, urban agriculture

Precision agriculture

Protective agricultural practices

Climate smart agriculture


54

Exhibit 3. Schedule of strategic objective 3 –Ensuring food production, food security and food safety

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Integrated pest management (IPM), weed management

Plant Quarantine, strategic surveys for insect pests and diseases

Issues related to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) agreement, Codex,

biodiversity and bio-safety needs

Pest risk analysis to promote export

Biocontrol of diseases and insect pests

Forewarning of insect pests and diseases for timely management

Analysis of disease samples and management of disorders

Evaluation of new molecules for control of major pathogens, insect

pests and weeds

Exhibit 4. Schedule of strategic objective 4- Basic Sciences

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Harnessing advantages of basic sciences (biotechnology, tissue

culture, nanotechnology, GIS, GPS, IT tools in communication, digital

maps, pictures, films, web pages, SMS, e mails) and capacity building

at national and regional levels.


55

Exhibit 5. Schedule of Strategic Objective 5 - Dissemination and Transfer of Technology

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Extension management, improving managerial skills of extension

personnel

Rural entrepreneurship development, gender empowerment

Capacity building for programme monitoring and evaluation

Advisory service for proper nutrient usage, pest identification, IPM,

biocontriol, ,testing of soil and water quality, weather-based agro-

advisory to farmers on resource management and environment

protection.

Methodology for quality seeds production and location specific

extension models for ‘public-private partnership’ to facilitate

commercialization of agriculture.

Developing and promoting village-based models for market-led

agriculture

Popularization of new crops and their new varieties and technologies

in different regions

Promotion of ‘public-private partnership’ to facilitate

commercialization of agriculture

Extension Bulletins, documentaries, field days, seed days, radio talks,

TV shows, exhibitions, interface between industries and farmers


56

Exhibit 6. Strategic Objective 6 - Economic and Policy research

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Making agriculture cost-effective and sustainable with focus on

strengthening of market information system and agri-business

management

Research on impact assessment and priority setting, environmental

accounting, agro-diversity, contract farming, farmer’s concern and

linking production with marketing

Facilitating to reach products of institute to farmers and others at

affordable terms, and taking steps to protect innovation through

intellectual property rights, trade mark, copy right, patent, etc.

Exhibit7. Strategic Objective 7 - Human Resource Development

KEY RESULT AREAS 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Helping PG students to conduct research for their thesis work at

institute Training courses in the areas of biotechnology, IPM, and seed

production technologies Skill up gradation and education of team members

Creation of Agriculture Research Service, Career advancement

scheme for scientists and technicals


57

Appendix I

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EXTENSION INSTITUTE (NAREI) NEW ORGANISATIONAL CHART

Minister of Agriculture

Board of Directors

Appointments Committee

Research Programmes Advisory Committee

Extension Programmes Advisory Committee

Crop Protection Programmes Advisory

Committee

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Deputy Chief Executive Officer/National

Extension Coordinator

Assistant Chief Executive Officer

Crop Development and Support

Services/ Regional Extension

Coordinators and Extension Officers

National Plant Protection Organization

(NPPO) Plant Quarantine Services/ Quarantine Officers at major ports

CEO Cell Crop Improvement

Lib. & IS

Crop Protection

Horticulture

Bio Energy

Finance

Estate

Admini-

stration

Security

Guest

House

FOSU

IT& C

Resource Management

ARS Ebini

ARS Kairuni

ARS St. Ignatius

Nurseries at Fort Wellington, Black bush Poler, Charity, Hosororo, Bartica, Timehri

Extension & Social Sciences

Plant Quarantine & ITI

Tech. Cell

Mitigation of

climate change

Deputy Chief Executive Officer (Admin)


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Appendix II

ORGANOGRAM FOR THE EXTENSION SERVICES

DCEO

Region 2 Coordinator






Feed back to Research,

Quarantine services, Promotion

of new technologies and their

corrections

Testing of technologies generated at multi

locations across regions, on farm

demonstrations of improved technologies,

farmers’ participatory research, conduct

of field days, seed multiplication through

farmers, seed days, farmers fairs, liaison

with media, press conferences, radio and

TV Talks, documentary shooting, training

of farmers, use of IT to disseminate

forewarning of biotic and abiotic stresses

and their management, preparation of

extension bulletins

Coastal Coordinator Hinterland Coordinator






59

Appendix III

ORGANOGRAM FOR THE QUARANTINE SERVICES

ACEO

In charge, Quarantine / PRA In charge, Plant Protection

Senior Quarantine / PRA Officer Senior Plant Protection Officer

Plant Quarantine Officer Plant Protection Officer

Senior Plant Protection Assistant Senior Plant Quarantine Assistant

Plant Quarantine Inspector


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Appendix IV

Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD)

Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD) will be used to use new technological

support for enhancing prosperity of resource poor farmers both at rural and urban areas.

The surpluses production this generated will be used in future as well as for selling to earn

income both locally and at regional level in the spirit of ‘Jagdeo initiatives’ to strengthen

regional food security. Stored food will act as “buffer stock” thus make Guyana food

secure in nontraditional agri -commodities like rice and sugar as well as to for higher

incomes to farmers generated after sale of surplus with the time and space to enable them

to purchase inputs (seed, fertilizer, labor, tools, livestock, insurance as well as spending for

education, clothing and health of family members). Timely availability of inputs will raise

farm productivity and prosperity further. It will help to reinvestment in agriculture and

productivity growth in every round, thus creating a self-reinforcing pathway out of poverty.

The focus on “market-oriented agriculture” will achieve to a new level of resource access,

crop productivity, stability and social security. The approach will help in escaping the

poverty trap for goods to the resource poor farmers.

The success of IMOD would be achieved through systems perspective and using

partnership mode. The strategy will be on establishing complementary and purposeful

partnerships since these makes the base of the systems perspective. In this way the

enhanced ability will be generated to tackle risks, such as floods, drought and climate

change since these may hinder development and discourage investment. The resource poor

subsistence farmers are most vulnerable to such changes. The future technologies will be

generated with a target to increase the resilience of tropical rain fed farming so that it may

be able to withstand and recover from stress and shocks. It will be done by devising

system, develop policy, by providing more technological options and building capacities

that enable the growers to harvest and earn better in the situation of weather shocks,

climate change, and changing market situations. The research will be designed in such a

way so that women and the children participate more and get higher benefits. The other

disadvantaged groups such as the landless, marginalized ethnic communities, unemployed

youth and the elderly will also be taken in to consideration while generating technologies

and services.

Strategic Research and Development Agenda, NAREI

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