Strategic Planning and Organizational Development for Health Care (HS 450) Arturo E. Rodriguez, PhD (c), MPH [email protected] Unit 7-Stress Management.

Strategic Planning and Strategic Planning and Organizational Development Organizational Development

for Health Care (HS 450)for Health Care (HS 450)

Arturo E. Rodriguez, PhDArturo E. Rodriguez, PhD(c)(c), MPH, MPH

[email protected]@kaplan.edu

Unit 7-Stress Management & Conflict Unit 7-Stress Management & Conflict ResolutionResolution

Unit 6 discussion board Unit 6 discussion board reviewreview Would transformational or transactional Would transformational or transactional

leadership be more effective in a healthcare leadership be more effective in a healthcare setting? Why?setting? Why? Obviously, Borkowski favors transformational Obviously, Borkowski favors transformational

leadership, and for good cause. There is room for both leadership, and for good cause. There is room for both types depending on the situation.types depending on the situation.

At the same time, given the current status of the At the same time, given the current status of the healthcare system, there is more need for healthcare system, there is more need for transformational leadership at this point.transformational leadership at this point.

Unit 6 discussion board Unit 6 discussion board reviewreview Do you believe that charisma is a leadership trait Do you believe that charisma is a leadership trait

that can be learned? Why or why not?that can be learned? Why or why not? Remember a couple of weeks back where we discussed Remember a couple of weeks back where we discussed

human behavior and the fact that it is mostly learnedhuman behavior and the fact that it is mostly learned Charisma can be learned, but it takes time to master as Charisma can be learned, but it takes time to master as

there is lots of hit and misses with charismathere is lots of hit and misses with charisma What some find charismatic, others find obnoxiousWhat some find charismatic, others find obnoxious The trick is to The trick is to know your audienceknow your audience..

Unit 6 discussion board Unit 6 discussion board reviewreview Why do you think that leadership is such a Why do you think that leadership is such a

complicated and controversial subject? How will complicated and controversial subject? How will effective leadership change modern healthcare in effective leadership change modern healthcare in the United States?the United States? Part of the reason is that there are many views on what Part of the reason is that there are many views on what

constitutes ‘leadership’, let alone ‘effective leadership’constitutes ‘leadership’, let alone ‘effective leadership’ With so many different opinions, there is always room With so many different opinions, there is always room

for disagreement, hence the controversy.for disagreement, hence the controversy.

Stress in the Workplace and Stress in the Workplace and Stress ManagementStress Management

Chapter 12Chapter 12

© 2009 Jones and Bartlett Publishers

What is Stress?What is Stress?

Cognitive-transactional theory Cognitive-transactional theory defines stress as defines stress as ““a particular a particular relationship between the person and relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and his or her resources and endangering his or her well beingendangering his or her well being”” (Schwarzer, 2004).(Schwarzer, 2004).


Individual Distress Individual Distress ConsequencesConsequences

Behavioral/Behavioral/PsychologicalPsychological

PhysiologicalPhysiological


Work Related StressWork Related Stress

According to the American Institute of According to the American Institute of Stress (2004), job stress costs U.S. Stress (2004), job stress costs U.S. industry approximately $300 billion industry approximately $300 billion annually in terms of accidents, annually in terms of accidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, loss of absenteeism, employee turnover, loss of productivity, direct medical, legal, and productivity, direct medical, legal, and insurance costs, workers' compensation insurance costs, workers' compensation awards, as well as tort and Federal awards, as well as tort and Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA) Employers' Liability Act (FELA) judgments.judgments.


Distress - EustressDistress - Eustress


StressorsStressors

Positive or negativePositive or negative External or internalExternal or internal Short-term (acute) or long-term Short-term (acute) or long-term

(chronic)(chronic)


Individuals and StressIndividuals and Stress

PersonalitiesPersonalities MinoritiesMinorities GenderGender


BurnoutBurnout

Three dimensions associated with Three dimensions associated with burnout:burnout:

1.1. Emotional exhaustionEmotional exhaustion1.1. Seen as “lack of interest”Seen as “lack of interest”

2.2. DepersonalizationDepersonalization1.1. Viewing others as obstacles or objectsViewing others as obstacles or objects

3.3. Diminished personal accomplishmentDiminished personal accomplishment1.1. Undervaluation of one’s own performanceUndervaluation of one’s own performance


Causes of Workplace Causes of Workplace StressStress

Individual task demandsIndividual task demands Individual role demandsIndividual role demands Group demandsGroup demands Organizational demandsOrganizational demands


Individual Coping Individual Coping StrategiesStrategies

RelaxationRelaxation Learned OptimismLearned Optimism Hardiness TrainingHardiness Training Stress Management ProgramsStress Management Programs

Conflict Management, Conflict Management, Decision Making and Decision Making and

Negotiation SkillsNegotiation Skills

Chapter 13Chapter 13


ConflictConflict

Conflict occurs when an individual or Conflict occurs when an individual or group feels negatively affected by group feels negatively affected by another individual or group.another individual or group.

Three components:Three components:1.1. Perceived incompatibility of interests,Perceived incompatibility of interests,2.2. Some interdependence of the parties, Some interdependence of the parties,

andand3.3. Some form of interaction.Some form of interaction.


Types of ConflictTypes of Conflict

GoalGoal CognitiveCognitive AffectiveAffective ProceduralProcedural


Levels of ConflictLevels of Conflict

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal InterpersonalInterpersonal IntragroupIntragroup IntergroupIntergroup InterorganizationalInterorganizational


Conflict-Handling ModesConflict-Handling Modes


Decision-Making ModelsDecision-Making Models

Rational Approach – a systemic Rational Approach – a systemic analysis of the problem followed by analysis of the problem followed by the choice and implementation of a the choice and implementation of a solution in a logical, step-by-step solution in a logical, step-by-step sequence (Daft, 2004).sequence (Daft, 2004).

Bounded Rationality Approach – Due Bounded Rationality Approach – Due to cognitive limitations, an individual to cognitive limitations, an individual will limit his or her search for will limit his or her search for information prior to decision-making.information prior to decision-making.


Decision-Making Models Decision-Making Models (cont.)(cont.)

Intuition – decision-making using oneIntuition – decision-making using one’’s s professional judgment based on past professional judgment based on past experiences rather than sequential logic experiences rather than sequential logic or explicit reasoning (Daft, 2004).or explicit reasoning (Daft, 2004).

Heuristics or Biases Approach – Heuristics or Biases Approach – Individuals use judgmental heuristics or Individuals use judgmental heuristics or ““rules of thumbrules of thumb”” to simplify their decision- to simplify their decision-making. Commonly used: availability bias, making. Commonly used: availability bias, representativeness bias and representativeness bias and anchoring/adjustment bias.anchoring/adjustment bias.


Escalation of Escalation of CommitmentCommitment

When an individual continues to When an individual continues to allocate more resources to a losing allocate more resources to a losing proposition due (1) inability to admit proposition due (1) inability to admit to a mistake, or (2) framing to a mistake, or (2) framing heuristic.heuristic.


Avoid Escalation of Avoid Escalation of CommitmentCommitment

1.1. Recognize that you may be biased Recognize that you may be biased toward escalation, toward escalation,

2.2. See escalation for what it is (i.e., an See escalation for what it is (i.e., an overcommitment to a strategy by overcommitment to a strategy by defining failure ambiguously, or by defining failure ambiguously, or by ignoring othersignoring others’’ concerns), and concerns), and

3.3. Avoid overcommitment by looking Avoid overcommitment by looking at the strategy from an outsiderat the strategy from an outsider ’’s s perspective.perspective.


Decision Style ModelDecision Style Model


Conflict Negotiation Conflict Negotiation ModelsModels

Negotiation is the process by which Negotiation is the process by which two or more parties decide what each two or more parties decide what each will give and take in an exchange.will give and take in an exchange.

Three major negotiation models:Three major negotiation models:1.1. Distributive Distributive (win-loss approach),(win-loss approach),

2.2. Integrative Integrative (win/win approach),(win/win approach), and and 3.3. Interactive Interactive (joint problem-solving (joint problem-solving

approach)approach)

Thanks!!Thanks!!

Reminder!!Reminder!! Initial post due by Saturday, July 21Initial post due by Saturday, July 21 Responses by Tuesday, July 24.Responses by Tuesday, July 24. Assignment due by Tuesday, July 24. Please Assignment due by Tuesday, July 24. Please

submit as submit as ONEONE file file End of chapter questions (Chapter 12) on pages 252-

253. Please be sure to be thorough with your answers. Case study 13-8, SCENARIO 1 ONLY on page 285.

Again, please be thorough with your answer.

Next weekNext week Groups, Teams, and Team BuildingGroups, Teams, and Team Building

Get familiar with the term ‘sandbagging’Get familiar with the term ‘sandbagging’

Final ExamFinal Exam Must be completed by Tuesday August 14Must be completed by Tuesday August 14 I will e-mail a comprehensive study guide by I will e-mail a comprehensive study guide by

next weeknext week 16 questions, 320 points total16 questions, 320 points total

Most questions are 20 points. There will be one 30-Most questions are 20 points. There will be one 30-point question and two 10-point questionspoint question and two 10-point questions

I will be looking for I will be looking for detaileddetailed and and thorough thorough answers to the questions. No page limit, so answers to the questions. No page limit, so please be comprehensive.please be comprehensive.

Strategic Planning and Organizational Development for Health Care (HS 450) Arturo E. Rodriguez, PhD (c), MPH [email protected] Unit 7-Stress Management.

Documents

bartlett publishersindividuals

bartlett publisherswhat

transformational leadership

stress managementchapter

transactional leadership

leadership trait

job stress costs

american institute of