Strain Gages 1 *When using for special purposes, please contact us. *For prices and delivery date, please contact us. *For specific cataloges, please contact us. For General Purpose For Waterproof For Concrete Applications For Composite Materials, PCB & Plastics For Ultra-small Strains, High Temperatures & Low Temperatures For High Elongation Strains For Non-magnetoresistive Applications For Hydrogen Gas Environment & Bending Strains Gages with a Protector & Embedded Gages Crack Gages Adhesives & Coating Agents Custom-designed Gages Strain Gages
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Strain GagesStrain Gages 1 *When using for special purposes, please contact us. *For prices and delivery date, please contact us. *For specific cataloges, please contact us. For General
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Strain Gages 1
*When using for special purposes, please contact us.*For prices and delivery date, please contact us.*For specific cataloges, please contact us.
For General Purpose
For Waterproof
For Concrete Applications
For Composite Materials, PCB & Plastics
For Ultra-small Strains, High Temperatures & Low Temperatures
For High Elongation Strains
For Non-magnetoresistive Applications
For Hydrogen Gas Environment & Bending Strains
Gages with a Protector & Embedded Gages
Crack Gages
Adhesives & Coating Agents
Custom-designed Gages
Strain Gages
1-1
1-1
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
■Strain, Stress, and Poisson's RatioWhen tensile force P is applied to a material, it has stress σ that corresponds to the applied force. In proportion to the stress, the cross section contracts and the length elongates by ΔL from the length L the material had before receiving the tensile force (See the upper illustration in Fig. 1.) below.
The ratio of the elongation to the original length is called a tensile strain and is expressed as follows:
See the lower illustration in Fig. 1. If the material receives compressive force, it bears compressive strain expressed as follows:
For example, if tensile force makes 100 mm long material elongate by 0.01 mm, the strain initiated in the material is as follows:
Thus, strain is an absolute number and is expressed with a numeric value with x10-6 strain, με or μm/m suffixed.Based on Hooke's law, the relation between stress and the strain initiated in a material by the applied force is expressed as follows:
Stress is thus obtained by multiplying strain by the Young's modulus. When a material receives tensile force P, it elongates in the axial direction while contracting in the transverse direction. Elongation in the axial direction is called longitudinal strain and contraction in the transverse direction, transverse strain. The absolute value of the ratio between the longitudinal strain and transverse strain is called Poisson's ratio, which is expressed as follows:
Poisson's ratio differs depending on the material. For major industrial materials and their mechanical properties including Poisson's ratio, see page 9-1.
L+ L
(Tension)
L
P
L2
Δ L2
Δ
− L2Δ − L
2Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
Δ
P P
P
D+
D
Δ
−D 2
D
L(Compression)
L− L
D−
D
D
Δ
−D 2
Δ D 2Δ D 2
Fig. 1
ε: Strain L: Original length ΔL: Elongation
ΔLL
ε=
- ΔLL
ε=
ΔL 0.01L 100
ε= = = 0.0001 = 100 μm/m
σ: Stress E: Young's modulus ε: Strain
σ = E · ε
Strain Gages
ν: Poisson's ratio
ε1: Longitudinal strain or (See Fig. 1)
ε2: Transverse strain or (See Fig. 1)
ΔLL
ΔDD
ΔLL
ΔDD
ν=
-
-
ε1
ε2
1-2
1-2
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
■Principles of Strain Gages ■Types of Strain Gages
■Structure of a Strain Gage
If external tensile force or compressive force increases or decreases, the resistance proportionally increases or decreases. Suppose that original resistance R changes by ΔR because of strain ε: the following equation is set up.
Where, Ks is a gage factor, expressing the sensitivity coefficient of strain gages. General-purpose strain gages use copper-nickel or nickel-chrome alloy for the resistive elements, and the gage factor provided by these alloys is approximately 2.
Types of strain gages are classified into foil strain gages, wire strain gages, and semiconductor strain gages, etc.
The foil strain gage has metal foil on the electric insulator of the thin resin, and gage leads attached, as shown in Fig. 2 below.The strain gage is bonded to the measuring object with a dedicated adhesive. Strain occurring on the measuring site is transferred to the strain sensing element via adhesive and the resin base. For accurate measurement, the strain gage and adhesive should be compatible with the measuring material and operating conditions such as temperature, etc.
Structure of a foil strain gageFig. 2
Resin base Metallic foil Resin coverLead-free solder
*KFGS gages
Bonded surface Gage leads (Silver-covered copper wires, φ0.12 to φ0.16 mm and 25 mm long)
Base length
Gage length(Grid length)
Gag
e w
idth
(Gri
d w
idth
)
Resin coverResin base
Base
wid
th
Center marks
ΔRR =Ks ·ε
A strain gage detects a minute dimensional change (strain) as an electric signal. By measuring strain with the gage bonded to a material or structure, the strength or safety will be known. Thus, the strain gage is used in various industries including machinery, automobile, electric, civil engineering, medical, and food.The strain gage is also adopted as a sensing element of force, pressure, acceleration, vibration, displacement, and torque transducers used for various purposes including measurement and control of production lines.Kyowa produced the first Japanese-made strain gages in 1951, and based on the abundant experience and technology accumulated for these years, we manufacture a variety of high-performance, environmentally friendly strain gages.
1-3
1-3
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
■Principles of Strain Measurement
■Strain Gage Wiring System
Strain-initiated resistance change is extremely small. Thus, for strain measurement a Wheatstone bridge is formed to convert the resistance change to a voltage change. Suppose in Fig. 3 resistances (Ω) are R1, R2, R3 and R4 and the excitation voltage (V) is E. Then, the output voltage eo (V) is obtained by the following equation:
Suppose the resistance R1 is a strain gage and it changes by ΔR due to strain. Then, the output voltage is,
If R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R in the initial condition,
Since R may be regarded extremely larger than ΔR ,
Thus obtained is an output voltage that is proportional to a change in resistance, i.e. a change in strain. This microscopic output voltage is amplified for analog recording or digital indication for strain measurement.
A strain gage Wheatstone bridge is configured with a quarter, half, or full bridge according to the measuring purpose. The typical wiring systems are shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. For various strain gage bridge systems, see pages 9-7 and 9-8.●Quarter-bridge system (1-gage system)With the quarter-bridge system, a strain gage is connected to one leg of the bridge and a fixed resistor is connected to each of the other 3 legs. This system will be easily configured, and thus it is widely used for general stress or strain measurement. The quarter-bridge 2-wire system shown in Fig. 4-1 is largely affected by leads. Therefore, if a big temperature change is expected or if the lead-wire length is long, then the quarter-bridge 3-wire system shown in Fig. 4-2 must be used. For the quarter-bridge 3-wire system, See "Compensation Methods of Temperature Effect of Lead Wires" (See page 9-4).
Fig. 3
Strain gage
RR 2
R 3R 4
Excitation voltage E
Out
put
vol
tag
e e0
1
e0 =
e0 =
· E(R1+ΔR) R3-R2R4
(R1+ΔR+R2) (R3+R4)
· ER2+R ΔR-R2
(2R+ΔR) 2R
e0 ≒ · E = · Ks ·ε· E1 14 4·
ΔRR
e0 = · E(R1+R2) (R3+R4)
R1R3 − R2R4
1-4
1-4
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
●Half-bridge system (2-gage system)With the Half-bridge system, 2 strain gages are connected to the bridge, one each to adjacent or opposite legs with fixed resistors inserted in the other legs. See Figs. 5-1 and 5-2. There is the active-dummy system, where one strain gage serves as a dummy gage for temperature compensation, and the active-active system, where both gages serve as active gages. The half-bridge system is used to eliminate strain components other than the target strain; according to the measuring purpose, 2 gages are connected to the bridge in different ways. For details, See "How to Form Strain-gage Bridge Circuits" (See pages 9-7 and 9-8).
●Full-bridge system (4-gage system)See Fig. 6. The full-bridge system has 4 strain gages connected one each to all 4 legs of the bridge. This circuit ensures large output of strain-gage transducers, improves temperature compensation and eliminates strain components other than the target strain. For details, see "How to Form Strain-gage Bridge Circuits" (See pages 9-7 and 9-8).
■The following are described in Technical Memo. (See the chapter 9.)When receiving a temperature change, a strain gage
bonded to a measuring object generates an apparent strain due to a difference in linear expansion coefficient between the measuring object and the resistive element of the strain gage, and a thermally-induced resistance change of the gage element. The SELCOM gage has a resistance temperature coefficient of the resistive element adjusted to match with the measuring object, thereby minimizing the apparent strain.Kyowa's SELCOM gages have been adjusted so that, when they are bonded to suitable measured materials, the average value of the apparent strain in the self-temperature-compensation range is within ±1.8 μm/m per °C* (representative value).As shown in Fig. 7, the thermally-induced apparent strain of KFGS gages is within ±1 μm/m per °C* in a temperature range of 20 to 40°C in which they are most frequently used. For the principle of SELCOM gages, see page 9-4. For the models and suitable measured materials, see page 1-6.
· Mechanical properties of industrial materials· Linear expansion coefficients of materials· Examples of strain-gage measurement· Tensile and compressive stress measurement· Bending stress measurement· Equation of strain on beams· Torsional and shearing stress measurement of axis· Temperature effect on lead wires with 2-wire system· Influence of insulation resistance· Resistance change of strain gages bonded to
curved surfaces· Compensation methods of different gage factors· Misalignment effect of bonding strain gages· Compensation methods of effect of lead wire
extension· Compensation methods of nonlinearity error of
quarter-bridge system· Methods of obtaining the magnitude and
direction of principal stress (Rosette analysis)· Generating calibration values based on the tip
parallel resistance method
* Representative value. For details, see the "Thermal Output" data attached with the products.
■Typical characteristic curve of thermally-induced apparent strain with KFGS gages
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
2010
20 5030 40
40
60
80
100
120
140
Temperature (℃)
Adhesive: CC-33A
1.8 μm/m per ℃
-1.8 μm/m per ℃
1 μm/m per ℃
-1 μm/m per ℃
60 70 80 90 100
Ther
mal
ly-in
du
ced
ap
par
ent
stra
in o
utp
ut
(μm
/m)
Fig. 7
1-6
1-6
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Applicable linear expansion coe�cient ( x10–6/°C )
KFGS-2-120-C1-11 L1M3R
1: Composite materials such as CFRP
Amber (1.1)
Diamond (1.2)
3: Composite materials such as GFRP
Silicon (2.3)
Sulfur (2.7)
5: Composite materials such as GFRP
Tungsten (4.5)
Lumber [Wood] (5.0)
Molybdenum (5.2)
Zirconium (5.4)
Kovar (5.9)
6: Composite materials such as GFRP
28 Tantalum (6.6)
9: Composite materials such as CFRP, GFRP
Titanium alloy (8.5)
Platinum (8.9)
Soda-lime glass (9.2)
11: Common steel (11.7)
SUS631 (10.3)
SUS630 (10.6)
Cast iron (10.8)
Nickel-molybdenum steel (11.3)
Beryllium (11.5)
Inconel X (12.1)
13: Corrosion and heat-resistant alloys such as NCF
Nickel (13.3)
Printed circuit board (13.0)
16: Stainless steel SUS304 (16.2)
Beryllium steel (16.7)
Copper (16.7)
23: 2014-T4 (23.4)
Brass (21.0)
Tin (23.0)
2024-T4 (23.2)
27: Magnesium alloy (27.0)
65: Acrylic resin (65.0)
Polycarbonate (66.6)
Uniaxial, leads at one end (KC gage)
Uniaxial, leads at one end (Foil gage)
Uniaxial 90°, leads at both ends
Uniaxial 0°, leads at both ends
Uniaxial, leads at one end (KFNB gage)
Uniaxial, 2-element, 1 mm thick (KFF gage)
Uniaxial, 2-element, 2 mm thick (KFF gage)
Uniaxial right 45°, for shearing strain, leads at one end
Uniaxial left 45°, for shearing strain, leads at one end
Uniaxial, leads at one end (KFB gage)
Biaxial 0/90°, leads at both ends
Biaxial 0/90°, leads at both ends (For torque)
Triaxial 0/45/90°, leads at both ends, plane arrangement
Su�x N indicates base and gage (grid) widths are narrow.
Resistance (Ω)
Gage Length (mm)
Gage Pattern
Applicable Linear Expansion Coe�cient
ModelType and Length of Lead-wire Cable
■Strain-gage Model Name Coding System
For choosing strain gages, see pages 1-7, 1-8.For special custom-made gage patterns, see pages 1-52, 1-53.Note: Combination of codes is limited and impossible to choose menu options at random.
1-7
1-7
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
For special custom-made gage patterns, see pages 1-52, 1-53.Note: Combination of codes is limited and impossible to choose menu options at random.
Strain-gage Selection Chart Please select strain-gage types matching to measurement purpose and environment.
KFGS-2-120- C1-11 L1M3R
We supply these two types: ・Gages with leads only ・Gages connected with flat vinyl lead wires of required length
Gages connected with lead wires provide increases in speed and labor saving required for adhesion. See the pages for each gage for combinations of gages and lead wires.
Model Gage Length (mm) Gage Pattern Type and Length ofLead-wire Cable
Applicable Linear Expansion Coe�cientResistance (Ω)
Stain gages with lead wires for labor saving
Selecting strain-gage types
matching the kind of material
and the temperature of the
environment.
Selecting gage-length types
matching the kind of materials
and the environment of space.
Selecting strain-gage
resistance matching
the measurement
application.
Selecting a pattern matching
the measurement application.
Selecting an applicable
linear expansion coefficient
matching the measurement
application.
Selecting a lead-wire cable
matching the measurement
under environments and
temperature.
1 3
2
1
3
2
ResistanceApplications
60 Ω
350 to 1000 Ω
Bendingcompensation
General-purposestrainmeasurement
For transducers
120 Ω
KFWBWaterproof foil strain gages
D16Biaxial 0, 90°stacked rosette, round base
KFUHigh-temperaturefoil strain gages
KMEmbeddedstrain gages
E.g.· Outdoor environment,
measurement in underwater
· Concentrated stress measurement
· Measurement of Poisson ratio
· Stress analysis
· Concrete internal strain measurement
· Measurement under high temperature
E.g.
D9Uniaxial5-element 90°
Triaxial 0, 90, and 45°stacked rosette,round base
E.g.
65 Plastics
27Magnesium alloy
23 Aluminum alloy
16Stainless steel
11Common steel
5Wood [lumber]
Main Applications Strain GageLengths (mm)
Concentrated stressmeasurement
Strain measurementfor mortar & concrete
30 to 120
5 to 30
1 to 6
0.15 to 2
0.2 to 1
0.2 to 1
Strain measurementfor wood & glass
Strain measurement for common steel & acrylic
Strain measurementin narrow space
Strain measurementin fast phenomena (Impact-shock, etc.)
D17
Every model has meaning.
1-8
1-8
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
KFGS-2-120- C1-11 L1M3R
We supply these two types: ・Gages with leads only ・Gages connected with flat vinyl lead wires of required length
Gages connected with lead wires provide increases in speed and labor saving required for adhesion. See the pages for each gage for combinations of gages and lead wires.
Model Gage Length (mm) Gage Pattern Type and Length ofLead-wire Cable
Applicable Linear Expansion Coe�cientResistance (Ω)
Stain gages with lead wires for labor saving
Selecting strain-gage types
matching the kind of material
and the temperature of the
environment.
Selecting gage-length types
matching the kind of materials
and the environment of space.
Selecting strain-gage
resistance matching
the measurement
application.
Selecting a pattern matching
the measurement application.
Selecting an applicable
linear expansion coefficient
matching the measurement
application.
Selecting a lead-wire cable
matching the measurement
under environments and
temperature.
1 3
2
1
3
2
ResistanceApplications
60 Ω
350 to 1000 Ω
Bendingcompensation
General-purposestrainmeasurement
For transducers
120 Ω
KFWBWaterproof foil strain gages
D16Biaxial 0, 90°stacked rosette, round base
KFUHigh-temperaturefoil strain gages
KMEmbeddedstrain gages
E.g.· Outdoor environment,
measurement in underwater
· Concentrated stress measurement
· Measurement of Poisson ratio
· Stress analysis
· Concrete internal strain measurement
· Measurement under high temperature
E.g.
D9Uniaxial5-element 90°
Triaxial 0, 90, and 45°stacked rosette,round base
E.g.
65 Plastics
27Magnesium alloy
23 Aluminum alloy
16Stainless steel
11Common steel
5Wood [lumber]
Main Applications Strain GageLengths (mm)
Concentrated stressmeasurement
Strain measurementfor mortar & concrete
30 to 120
5 to 30
1 to 6
0.15 to 2
0.2 to 1
0.2 to 1
Strain measurementfor wood & glass
Strain measurement for common steel & acrylic
Strain measurementin narrow space
Strain measurementin fast phenomena (Impact-shock, etc.)
D17
Every model has meaning.
1-9
1-9
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
General-purpose foil strain gageKFGS
Sensor interfacePCD-400A
●Stress measurement of plastic parts
●Stress Measurement of precast concrete such as Tetrapods®
Strain-gage Measurement Examples
Universal recorderEDX-200A
Wire strain gageKC
1-10
1-10
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
●Stress measurement during strength testing of a shutter
●Stress measurement when a PCB is mounted
Universal recorderEDX-200A
General-purpose foil strain gagesKFGS
Sensor interfacePCD-400A
Foil strain gagesfor printed boards
KFRS
1-11
1-11
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Strain-gage Selection Chart for Each Measurement ApplicationMetal
Measurement at Low TemperatureModelsMeasurement
Environment Pages
Measurement at LHe temp.* (-269°C)
1-41Low-temperature Foil Strain Gages
* LHe temp.: Liquid Helium temperature
KFLBResidual Stress Measurement
Installation by cutting method
Installation by boring method
1-25
1-25
KFGS T-F7
Foil Strain Gages with Gate Terminal
Foil Strain Gages for Boring Method
KFGS-D28
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Applicable to Sensing Element of Transducers ModelsMeasurement
Environment Pages
Uniaxial, high-resistance350, 500, 1000 Ω Uniaxial, for shearing strain
Biaxial, for torque measurement
1-24
1-22
1-201-21
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages
KFGS
KFGS-C15, C16
KFGS-D2, D31
Internal Strain Measurement
A box structure allowing no strain gage to be bonded on the inside of it.
1-44
Foil Strain Gages for Bending Strain Measurement
KFF
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Crack Gages
Measurement of the progress and propagation speed of crack
1-46
Crack Gages
KV
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Applicable to Ultra-small Strain Measurement and Highly-sensitive Element of Transducers
Measurement of <100μm/m under little temperature change environmentMeasurement of <100μm/m under little temperature change environmentMeasurement of <100μm/m under little temperature change environment
Measurement under high electric field accompanying induction noise
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Under general environment
Max. elongation 5%
Usable at up to 150°C
Simply waterproofed
Simply waterproofed
Simplywaterproofed, long-term stability
Simply waterproofed, rugged
1-18
1-18
1-27
1-29
1-30
1-30
1-45
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages
Foil Strain Gages
Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
Small-sized Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
Weldable Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
Foil Strain Gages with a Protector
KFGS
KFGS
KFRB
KFWB
KFWS
KCW
KCH
General Stress Measurement
Measurement Environment
Up to 750°C
Up to 750°C
Up to 800°C
Up to 950°C
Up to 650°C
Up to 550°C
Up to 350°C
Up to 350°C
Up to 250°C
Models
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-39
1-39
1-40
Encapsulated Gages
Encapsulated Gages
Encapsulated Gages
Encapsulated Gages
Encapsulated Gages
Encapsulated Gages
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
KHCS
KHCR
KHCV
KHCX
KHCM
KHC
KFU
KH
KFHB
Pages
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
Measurement at High Temperature
Measurement under Hydrogen Gas Environment
Measurement under high-pressure hydrogen gas environment
1-44
Foil Strain Gage for Hydrogen Gas Environment
KFV
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
1-12
1-12
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Concrete, Mortar, etc.General Stress Measurement
Simply waterproofed
Simply waterproofed
Surface strain meas. (Small aggregate)
Surface strain meas. (Large aggregate)
Internal strain measurement
Self-shrinkage strain measurement
1-29
1-30
1-31
1-31
1-32
1-32
Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
Small-sized Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
General-purpose Foil Strain GagesLength: 10 to 30 mm
Wire Strain GagesLength: 60 to 120 mm
Embedded Strain Gages
Concrete-embedded Strain Gages
KFWB
KFWS
KFGS
KC
KM
KMC
ModelsMeasurement Environment
Metal, Plastics, Lumber and Rubber High-elongation Gages
Max. elongation Approx. 20% to 30%
Max. elongation Approx. 10 to 15%
1-42
1-42
Ultrahigh-elongation Foil Strain Gages
High-elongation Foil Strain Gages
KFEM
KFEL
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Various MaterialsGeneral Stress Measurement
Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature
1-26
Foil Strain Gages with a Temperature Sensor
KFGT
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Metal Bolts Measurement of Axial Tension of Bolts
Tightening stress measurement of bolts
1-26Strain Gages for Measuring Axial Tension of Bolts
KFB
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Measurement under High Magnetic Field
Measurement under DC magnetic field at low temperature
Measurement under DC magnetic field at mid temperature
Measurement under DC magnetic field at high temperature
Measurement under DC/AC magnetic field
1-41
1-27
1-40
1-43
Low-temperature Foil Strain Gages
Foil Strain Gages
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
Non-inductive Foil Strain Gages
KFLB
KFRB
KFHB
KFNB
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Pages
Measurement with no amplifier used
1-37High-output Semiconductor Strain Gages
KSPH
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Impact Strain Measurement
For making transducers 1-53
Diaphragm pattern
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
Custom-designed Gages
Composite Materials, Printed Boards, and Plastics
Applicable linear expansioncoefficient 1 to 9×10-6/°C Applicable linear expansion coefficient 13×10-6/°CApplicable linear expansion coefficient 65×10-6/°C
For strain measurement inside resin
1-33
1-34
1-35
1-45
Foil Strain Gages for Composite Materials
Foil Strain Gages for Printed Boards
Foil Strain Gages for Plastics
Embedded Gage
KFRPB
KFRS
KFP
KMP
ModelsMeasurement Environment Pages
General Stress Measurement
Concentrated Stress Measurement
Measurement of stress distribution at 8mm to 12mm intervals
Measurement of stress distribution at 2mm intervals
Strain Gages for Measuring Axial Tension of Bolts KFB
General-purposeFoil Strain Gages
KFGS
SemiconductorStrain Gages
KSPB
Ultra-small strain: for sensing element
of highly sensitive transducers
CuNi alloy
CuNi alloy wire
CuNi alloy foil
CuNi alloy foil
CuNi alloy foil
PolyimideCuNi alloy foil
NiCr alloy foil
NiCr alloy foil
Residual stressmeasurement
For concrete
Concentrated stressmeasurement
For sensing elementof transducers
For general purpose
Resistiveelements Bases
Self-temperature- compensation
(℃)
Materials Operating temperature in combination
with major adhesivesafter curing (℃) *1
Concentrated stressmeasurement
Strain measurementat mid tempera-
ture, for transducers
Ultra-small strain: 2-element, temperature-
compensation type
N type Si
P type Si
P type SiN type Si
P type Si
P type Si
-196 to 120-30 to 100-55 to 150
-196 to 150
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
3%
2.2%
2.8%
5.0%
1.8%
0.2%
1.6%
3.0%
0.3%
0.15%
0.1%
0.3%
0.15%
5,11,16,23,27
11,16,23
11,16,23
11,16,23
11,16,23
11,16,23,27
11,16,23,27
11,16,23,27
11,16,23,27
11
10 to 100
10 to 100
10 to 100
10 to 100
10 to 100
10 to 100
0 to 150
0 to 150
10 to 80
10 to 80
10 to 90 11
11
11
10 to 60
0 to 50
0 to 150
-30 to 120
1,3,6,9
13
10 to 80 65
11.7
20 to 70
20 to 70
11,16
-196 to 150-55 to 150
CC-35 -10 to 80
-196 to 120-30 to 100-55 to 150
-196 to 150
-196 to 120-30 to 100-55 to 150
-196 to 150
EP-370 Normal temp. to 50
Normal temp. to 70
CC-33ACC-36EP-340
-10 to 120-10 to 100-10 to 120
PC-600CC-33AEP-340
-196 to 150-196 to 120
-55 to 150
-196 to 150-196 to 120
-55 to 150
CC-33ACC-36EP-340
-10 to 80-10 to 80-10 to 80
CC-33AEP-340
-10 to 80-10 to 80
-20 to 100
CC-35 -30 to 120
-10 to 70
CC-33APC-600
CC-33A -55 to 200
-196 to 120
EP-34BCC-33ACC-36
-20 to 80-20 to 80-20 to 80
CC-33AEP-340
-50 to 120-50 to 150
CC-33AEP-340
-50 to 120-50 to 150
CC-33ACC-36
-50 to 120-30 to 100
CC-33ACC-36
-50 to 120-30 to 100
-50 to 120-50 to 150
CC-33AEP-340
SiliconeConcrete-embedded Strain GagesKMC
CuNi alloy wire
CuNi alloy foil
0.3%
1.2×107
1.2×107
1.2×107
1×106
1×106
3×104
3×104
1×106
1×106
*A 2×106
*A 2×106
*A2×106
*A2×106
*A2×106
1.5×105
Applicable linearexpansion
coe�cients(x10–6/℃)
Strain limitsat normal temp.
(Approx. )*2
Fatigue livesat normal temp.
(Times)*3
Pages
*1. Underlined adhesives are those used for strain limit tests and fatigue life tests at normal temperature.*2. Typical values with uniaxial gages. Strain limit is the mechanical limit where the di�erence between the strain reading and mechanical strain initiated by applying tension load exceeds 10%.*3. Typical values with uniaxial gages. Strain level: ±1500 μm/m ; *A: ±1000 μm/m; *B: ±500 μm/m
NiCr alloy foil
NiCr alloy foil
2.2%EP-34B
-196 to 120-196 to 150 2×106
For
ult
ra-s
mal
l str
ain
mea
sure
men
t Fo
r com
posi
te m
ater
ials
,pl
asti
cs a
nd ru
bber
For
gen
eral
str
ess
mea
sure
men
t
Models/series designation
(Embedment)
(Embedment)
(Spot welding)
1-18
1-20
1-31
1-22
1-25
1-26
1-26
1-27
1-28
1-29
1-30
1-30
1-31
1-32
1-32
1-33
1-34
1-35
1-36
1-36
1-36
1-37
1-37
No
tes
CC-33ACC-36EP-340PC-600
PC-600EP-340
CC-33ACC-36EP-340PC-600
CC-33ACC-36EP-340PC-600
PC-600CC-33AEP-340
1-14
1-14
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
CC-33AEP-340
CC-33ACC-36PC-600
-50 to 80-50 to 80
*B4×10620 to 60
20 to 120
11,16,23 0.2%
*A1.2×10611 1%
25 to 750
25 to 750
25 to 950
11,13,16
11,13,16
Heat-resistantspecial alloy
wire
Heat-resistantspecial alloy
wire
Heat-resistantspecial alloy
wire
Heat-resistantspecial alloy
wire
Heat-resistantspecial alloy
wire
Heat-resistantmetal
Heat-resistantmetal
Heat-resistantmetal
Heat-resistantmetal
Heat-resistantmetal
25 to 650
Foil Strain Gageswith a Protector
KCH
Crack GagesKV
Embedded GageKMP
Foil Strain Gages for BendingStrain Measurement
KFF
Encapsulated GagesKHCM
Encapsulated GagesKHCS
CuNi alloy foil Paper base+ phenol-epoxy
CuNi alloy foil
CuNi alloy foil
Polyimide
Aluminum
Acrylate
-196 to 750
11,13,16Encapsulated Gages
KHCR 25 to 750
(Dynamic measurement)
Encapsulated GagesKHCV 25 to 800
11,13Encapsulated Gages
KHCX
(Spot welding)
(Spot welding)
(Spot welding)
(Spot welding)
(Spot welding)
-196 to 950
-196 to 650
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-38
1-39
1-39
1-40
1-41
1-42
1-42
1-43
1-43
1-44
1-44
1-45
1-45
1-46
No
tes
Inte
rnal
stra
in
For
hydr
ogen
gas
envir
onme
nts
Protector: Stud boltStrain gageEP-340,CC-33A-40 to 100
For
hig
h t
emp
erat
ure
*A1.5×105
(300℃)1.9%
*B1×10710 to 300
10 to 300
11,16 0.5%
PC-600EP-34BPI-32
-196 to 250-55 to 200
-196 to 25010 to 250 11,16,23
11,16,23
2.1%
PC-600EP-270CC-33A
-269 to 150-269 to 30
-196 to 1201×106-196 to 50
5,11,16,23 2.2%
CC-36 -20 to 80 20% to 30%
CC-36 -10 to 80 1×10615%
PC-600CC-33A
-196 to 150-196 to 120
1×1040 to 150 11,16,23 1%
CC-33AEP-340
-196 to 120-55 to 120 1×10410 to 100 11,16,23 0.5%
Heat-resistantmetal
Normal temp. to 500
11,13,16
Shielded Foil Strain Gages
KFSB
Non-inductive FoilStrain Gages
KFNB
High-elongation Foil Strain Gages
KFEL
Ultrahigh-elongation Foil Strain Gages
KFEM
Low-temperature Foil Strain Gages
KFLB
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
KFHB
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
KH
High-temperature Foil Strain Gages
KFU
Encapsulated GagesKHC
CuNi alloy foil(120 Ω)
NiCr alloy foil(350 Ω)
Specialalloy foil
NiCr alloy foil
NiCr alloy foil
NiCr alloy wire
Polyimide
NiCr alloy foil Polyimide
NiCr alloy foil Polyimide
CuNi alloy foil Polyimide
CuNi alloy foil Polyimide
NiCr alloy foil Polyimide
Polyimide
PC-600 -30 to 80Foil Strain Gage for
Hydrogen Gas EnvironmentKFV
Polyimide
Stainless steel
(Spot welding)
-196 to 550
(Spot welding)
-50 to 350
For l
owte
mp.
Fo
r la
rge
stra
inm
easu
rem
ent
For a
ntim
agne
tic
appl
icat
ions
PI-32 -30 to 350
With
prot
ecto
rEm
bedd
edC
rack
*1. Underlined adhesives are those used for strain limit tests and fatigue life tests at normal temperature.*2. Typical values with uniaxial gages. Strain limit is the mechanical limit where the di�erence between the strain reading and mechanical strain initiated by applying tension load exceeds 10%. *1%=10000 μm/m*3. Typical values with uniaxial gages. Strain level: ±1500 μm/m; *A: ±1000 μm/m; *B: ±500 μm/m.
Resistiveelements Bases
Self-temperature- compensation
(℃)
Materials Operating temperature in combination
with major adhesivesafter curing (℃) *1
Applicable linearexpansion
coe�cients(x10–6/℃)
Strain limitsat normal temp.
(Approx. )*2
Fatigue livesat normal temp.
(Times)*3
Models/series designation
Pages
1-15
1-15
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
When ordering, specify the model of the strain gage and the code of the lead-wire cable with a space in between.
Model of strain gage Code of lead-wire cable
L1M3RKFGS-2-120-C1-11E.g.
Modelsof Strain Gage
2 polyester-coated copper wires
-196 to 150°C
3 polyester-coated copper wires
-196 to 150°C Vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable-10 to 80°C
Uniaxial MultiaxialUniaxial Multiaxial
Vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable-10 to 80°C
1530
135
cmcmmmm
Models, etc. Twisted for ≥ 50 cm L-6L-9 for ≥ 6 m
L-7L-10 for ≥ 6 m
RedRed
Coating colorRed stripe (Independent)WhiteWhite
See page 1-30 for KCW, page 1-32 for KM. See page 1-39 for KH. For selecting other lead-wire cables, see page 1-16.
KFGS,KFRB,KFRPB,KFRS,KFP,KFLB,KFEL,KFEM
KFGS,KFRB,KFRPB,KFRS,
KFP,KFLB
KFGS,KFRB,KFWB,KFWS,KC,KFRPB,KFRS,KFP,KFEL,KFEM
N15C2N30C2N1M2
N15C3N30C3N1M3
L15C2RL30C2RL1M2RL3M2RL5M2R
L15C2SL30C2SL1M2SL3M2SL5M2S
L15C3RL30C3RL1M3RL3M3RL5M3R
L15C3SL30C3SL1M3SL3M3SL5M3S
Mid-temperature2-wire cable
-100 to 150°C
Mid-temperature3-wire cable
-100 to 150°C
Vinyl-coatednormal-temperature
low-noise 3-wire cable-10 to 80°C
Fluoroplastic-coated
high/low-temp. 3-wire cable
-269 to 250°C
High/low-temperature3-wire cable -269 to 350°C
1530
135
cmcmmmm
Models, etc. L-11 L-12 L-13 L-3 L-17
Coating color
R15C2R30C2R1M2R3M2R5M2
R15C3R30C3R1M3R3M3R5M3
J15C3J30C3J1M3J3M3J5M3
F15C3F30C3F1M3F3M3F5M3
H15C3H30C3H1M3H3M3H5M3
*For other lead-wire cable lengths, contact us.
(*)
(*)
●For 2-wire gages, the gage resistance indicated on the package includes that of the lead-wires.
●For 3-wire gages, the gage resistance indicated on the package is only for the gage itself, and does not include that of the lead-wires.
●KFU and KFHB: The advance ribbon wire section is covered with the glass-cloth tape for reinforcement. (See the right figure.)
●Encapsulated gages are provided standard with an MI cable 2 m long and a soft cable 50 cm long.
(20)
(8)
KFU-2-120-C1-16
Advance ribbon wireSoldered
L-17
Sandwiched with the glass-cloth tape.
Modelsof Strain Gage
Type of lead-wire cables
Type of lead-wire cables
Leng
ths o
f le
ad-w
ire c
able
Leng
ths o
f le
ad-w
ire c
able
GreyGrey
Red (Independent) Red (Independent) Red (Independent) Black (Independent)
WhiteBlack
WhiteBlack
BlueBlue
YellowGreen
Figure: Example of lead-wire cable of a KFU gage
KFGS,KFRB,KFRPB,KFRS,KFLB
KFU,KFHBKFRPB,KFHB,KFLB
KFNB,KFSB
Strain Gages with Pre-attached Lead-wire CablesVirtually all Kyowa strain gages are delivered with a lead- wire cable pre-attached to ensure labor saving in gage bonding works by eliminating the need for soldering. Types and lengths of the lead-wire cable for each gage are as follows.
1-16
1-16
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Lead-wire Cables
ModelsOperating
Temperature Types ConductorMaterials
NominalCross
Section of Conductor
(mm2)
Number ofStrands/
Wire Diam.(mm)
CoatedWire
Diameter(mm)
ReciprocatingResistanceper Meter
(Ω)
*1. These models have a su�x R, W, G, Y or B indicating the coating color; red, white, green, yellow or black. E.g. L-6B: Black vinyl coated.*2. These models have a su�x WR, WL or WY indicating the stripe color; red, blue or yellow on white vinyl coating. E.g. L-7WR: Red stripes on white coating
2 connection methods depending on the models.(Same as D16 and D17.)*KFGS: Right only
Yellow stripe
Red stripe
Yellow stripe
Blue stripe
Red stripe
C15or
C16
C1
Cord
Type
Cord
Type
C2orC3
D2
D1
D4
Examples of vinyl-coated flat wire to connect gages
1-18
1-18
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Applicable Adhesives
-196 to 120°C-30 to 120°C-30 to 100°C-55 to 150°C-196 to 150°C
CC-33ACC-35CC-36EP-340PC-600
Operating Temperature after Curing the Adhesive
* For vinyl-coated cables, the operating temperature is -10 to 80ºC.
For the types of lead-wire cables, see pages 1-15 and 1-16.
●General-purpose Foil Strain Gages KFGS
The KFGS series gages use polyimide resin for the base that is approx. 13 μm thick. It ensures excellent flexibility. The outstanding moisture proof enables the KFGS gages to operate e�ectively both indoors and outdoors. Unless directly exposed to water droplets, no coating treatment is required.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFGS series gages
Notes on pre-attached lead-wire cables ●Standard color of the 2-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages is red (R). If desired, allows a white, green, yellow or black cable to be pre-attached. ●Standard stripe of the 3-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages is a red stripe. If desired, allows a blue or yellow stripe to be pre-attached. ●In the case of a biaxial gage and triaxial gage, 2-wire cables are color-coded with red, white and green stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively and 3-wire cables, with red, yellow and blue stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively. The letter code is S in common.
When ordering, specify the model of the strain gage and the code of the lead-wire cable with a space in between.
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)
E.g.
KFGS-5-120-C1-11 With 2 polyester-coated copper wires 15 cm long
KFGS-5-120-C1-11 With a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 5 m long
KFGS-5-120-D17-11 With a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long
KFGS-5-120-C1-11 With a mid-temperature 3-wire cable 5 m long
KFGS-5-120-D17-11 With a mid-temperature 2-wire cable 5 m long
KFGS-10-120-D16-11KFGS-10-120-D16-16KFGS-10-120-D16-23KFGS-10-120-D16-27KFGS-5-120-D16-11KFGS-5-120-D16-16KFGS-5-120-D16-23KFGS-5-120-D16-27KFGS-3-120-D16-11KFGS-3-120-D16-16KFGS-3-120-D16-23KFGS-3-120-D16-27KFGS-2-120-D16-11KFGS-2-120-D16-16KFGS-2-120-D16-23KFGS-2-120-D16-27KFGS-1-120-D16-11KFGS-1-120-D16-16KFGS-1-120-D16-23KFGS-1-120-D16-27*The above picture is KFGS-10-120-D16-11.
KFGS gages equipped with a gage terminal enable one-touch- connection/disconnection of the lead-wire cable. They are suitable for residual stress measurement with the cutting method. A clip-equipped dedicated cable T-C26 (Vinyl-coated, 2 m long) is optionally available.
(When the clip-equipped dedicated cable is used, the operating temperature range of each adhesive after curing is –10 to 80°C.)
For KFGS gages with the lead-wire cable pre-attached, see page 1-18.
PatternsGage Resistance, Gage Factors Models
Dimensions (mm)Gage (Grid) Base
Length Width Length WidthRemarks
BaseColor
10 gages/ pkg unless otherwise specified.
90°
45°
45°
135°
135°90°
T-C26
Applicable Adhesives
-196 to 120°C-30 to 120°C-30 to 100°C
CC-33ACC-35CC-36
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
-55 to 150°C-196 to 150°C
EP-340PC-600
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
General-purpose Foil Strain Gages (KFGS)
1-26
1-26
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Standard accessories: Lead-wire stopper to prevent damage to the gagePre-attached lead wire 1-m long
Uniaxial 3-wire system Polyester-coated copper lead wire 1 m long eachResistance: 120 Ω Gage factor: Approx. 2.1Temperature sensor: T-type thermocoupleAccuracy: Within ±1.5 °C
●KFGT Series Foil Strain Gages with a Temperature Sensor The KFGT gages are foil strain gages incorporating a T-type thermocouple for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. They ensure e�cient strain measurement under environments where temperature change or temperature gradient requires simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. They also provide highly precise compensation of thermally-induced apparent strain. It is recommended to use Kyowa data logger UCAM-60C M14 as a measuring instrument.
●KFB Strain Gages for Measuring Axial Tension of BoltsIf it is di�cult to bond a strain gage to the surface of a bolt for measuring the tightening stress, these gages enable measurement by embedding them into a hole, 2 mm diameter, bored from the top head of the bolt.
The KFRB series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350 Ω. (Excluding the KFRB-02N)The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
These KFRB series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350Ω. The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
5 gages/ pkg
5 gages/ pkg45°
45°
●KFRB Series Foil Strain Gages The KFRB series foil strain gages are durable and easy-to-use high-grade strain gages. The gage element is sandwiched between a heat-resistant polyimide base and cover, thereby letting it exhibit high performance in a wide temperature range.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFRB gages
→→
KFRB-02N-120-C1-11 N10C2
KFRB-05-120-D25-11 L5M3S
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code to the model number with a space in between. (Except for D9 and D19)
E.g. KFRB-02N-120-C1-11 With 2 polyester-coated copper wires 10 cm long
KFRB-05-120-D25-11 With a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)
*When measuring with dynamic strain amplifiers or signal conditioners, the KFRB measures data one element by one element. Measurement using 2 elements or more at the same time is not available. *Since the gage resistance is 120±15Ω (deviation among 5-element: 5 Ω), each element requires an external resistor having the same resistance when connected to the measuring instrument.*Standard type: With polyester-coated copper wires (10 cm)
The surface of the KFWB series foil strain gage is covered with a special waterproof resin. The waterproof structure enables these gages to serve for outdoor or underwater measurement merely by being bonded to measuring objects. (The insulation resistance shows virtually no deterioration even after 100 hours of use under an underwater pressure of approximately 10 MPa.) In addition, the covering resin is flexible enough to enable easy bonding to curved surfaces.
The following models are delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The following models are delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
●KFWB Series Waterproof Foil Strain Gages
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFWB series gages
These gages are also available with 350Ωresistance.
Notes on pre-attached lead-wire cables●Standard color of the 2-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages is red (R). If desired, allows a
white, green, yellow or black cable to be pre-attached. ●Standard 3-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages has red stripes (R). If desired, allows the red
stripes to be changed to blue or yellow stripes.● In the case of a biaxial gage and triaxial gage, 2-wire cables are color-coded with red, white
and green stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively and 3-wire cables, with red, yellow and blue stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively.
The letter code is S in common.
*For other lead-wire cable lengths, contact us.
1
3
2
45°
45°
1
3
2
90°
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 2 m long KFWB-5-120-C1-11 L2M2R For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long KFWB-5-120-D17-11 L5M3S
●KFWS Series Small-sized Waterproof Foil Strain Gages The KFWS series foil strain gages are small-sized waterproof gages suitable for outdoor or underwater strain measurement where gage bonding space is limited. The waterproof resin is as thin as 1.3 mm, making them flexible enough to be bonded to a curved surface of 10 mm diameter.
The KCW series foil strain gages are weldable gages, which do not require any coating treatment for use under high pressure or under water. The G10 type endures a water pressure of approximately 10 MPa.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFWS series gages
●KFGS Series General-purpose Foil Strain Gages Listed here are the KFGS series gages with a suitable lead-wire cable for strain measurement of concrete.
45°
45°
*For the types and lengths of lead-wire cables, see pages 1-15 and 1-16.
The following models are delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
Patterns,Gage Resistance, Gage Factor
ModelsDimensions (mm)
Gage (Grid) BaseLength Width Length Width
Remarks
Notes on pre-attached lead-wire cables●Standard color of the 2-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages is red (R). If desired, allows a white,
green, yellow or black cable to be pre-attached. ●Standard 3-wire cable pre-attached to uniaxial gages has red stripes (R). If desired, allows the red
stripes to be changed to blue or yellow stripes.●In the case of a biaxial gage and triaxial gage, 2-wire cables are color-coded with red, white and green
stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively and 3-wire cables, with red, yellow and blue stripes for 0°, 90° and 45°, respectively. The letter code is S in common.
-10 to 80℃CC-35Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
-30 to 120℃CC-35Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
Featuring a longer gage length, the KC series gages are wire strain gages suitable for mean strain measurement of concrete under test. Usually, a model with the gage length over 3 times longer than the maximum diameter of the aggregate is selected for the purpose.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KC series gages
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 5 m long KC-120-120-A1-11 L5M2R
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)
The KM series gages are designed to be embedded in mortar or concrete for the purpose of measuring the internal stress. To ensure better adhesion to mortar or the like, the KM series gages feature a specially treated surface. They also provide suitable waterproofness and elastic modulus for the intended purpose.
The KMC series gages are designed to measure self-shrinkage and self-stress of cemented materials. They enable measurement of the self-shrinkage and high-fluidity concrete immediately after placing. They are also used e�ectively to check for cracks of cemented materials. Usually, a T-type thermocouple is installed near the gage, while the KMC series gages of H4 type do not require such the installation since they are equipped with a built-in thermocouple.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The KMC series gages are available only with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 3 m long pre-attached.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KM gages
T-type thermocouple built in
1 gage/ pkg
1 gage/ pkg
1 gage/ pkg
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long KM-120-120-H2-11 W5M3
●KFRPB Series Foil Strain Gages for Composite Materials
The KFRPB series foil strain gages are self-temperature-compensation gages (SELCOM gages) suitable for strain measurement of composite materials such as CFRP and GFRP. The special gage pattern minimizes the e�ect of self-heating due to gage current and the e�ect of reinforcement of low-elasticity materials.To ensure accurate measurement by avoiding the self-heating e�ect of gage current, consider the following:
1. Select a lower excitation voltage on a measuring instrument.2. Active-dummy system3. 350Ω strain gages
L-7, L-10 for ≥ 6 m L-11 L-3L-12L-6, L-9 for ≥ 6 m
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table below) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with 2 polyester-coated copper wires 15 cm long KFRPB-5-120-C1-1 N15C2For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long pre-attached KFRPB-5-120-D22-3 L5M3S
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)
Each of 3 axis may be given a di�erent linear expansion coe�cient if requested.
●KFRS Series Foil Strain Gages for Printed BoardsPCB are used for varieties of products including cellular phones, car navigation systems and digital cameras. The gages are the self-temperature-compensation gages (SELCOM gages) for evaluating them.
Each of 3 axis may be given a di�erent linear expansion coe�cient if requested.
Applicable Adhesives
-196 to 120°C-30 to 100°C-196 to 150°C
CC-33ACC-36PC-600
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
●Dimensions of gage base (bondable space to mounted components and narrow parts) 1.2 mm long by 1.1 mm wide (uniaxial), 2.5 mm long by 2.5 mm wide (Biaxial or triaxial)●Linear expansion coe�cient of 13 x 10–6/°C, suitable for component-mounted board●Self-temperature-compensation range is made as wide as –30 to 120°C to satisfy
thermal cyclic tests of PCB.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFRS gages
The following models are delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
The following model is delivered with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 1 m long pre-attached.
C1, D34, and D35 C1 D34, D35 D34, D35 C1 C1, D34, and D35
10 cm
30 cm
1 m
3 m
5 m
N10C2
N30C2
N1M2
N10C3
N30C3
N1M3
L30C2R
L1M2R
L3M2R
L5M2R
L30C2S
L1M2S
L3M2S
L5M2S
L30C3R
L1M3R
L3M3R
L5M3R
L30C3S
L1M3S
L3M3S
L5M3S
R30C2
R1M2
R3M2
R5M2
R30C3
R1M3
R3M3
R5M3Operating temp.
Remark
-196 to 150°C
Twisted for ≥ 50 cm
-10 to 80°C -100 to 150°C
L-7 L-11 L-12L-6
5 gages/ pkg
5 gages/ pkg
*For other lead-wire cable lengths, contact us.
10 gages/ pkg unless otherwise specified.
→
→
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table below) to the model number with a space in between.E.g.For the gage with 3 polyester-coated copper wires 10-cm long pre-attached KFRS-02-120-C1-13 N10C3 For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long pre-attached KFRS-05-120-D35-13 L5M3S
45°
45°
Gages for Composite Materials & Plastic (KFRPB & KFRS)
1-35
1-35
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
KFP-5-350-C1-65KFP-2-350-C1-65
52
1310
2.62.4
5.25.2
KFP-5-120-C1-65KFP-2-120-C1-65
52
1310
2.52
5.24.7
●KFP Series Foil Strain Gages for PlasticsThe KFP series foil strain gages provide an applicable linear expansion coe�cient of 65 x 10–6/°C, which makes them suitable for strain measurement of plastics such as acrylic resin.
Applicable Adhesives
-20 to 80°C-20 to 80°C-20 to 80°C-20 to 80°C
CC-33ACC-36CC-35EP-34B
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFP gages
When bonding the KFP gage to a di�cult-to-bond material such as polyethylene with CC-33A, use the Surface Treatment Agent S-9B in combination.
●KSN Series Self-temperature-compensation Semiconductor Strain Gages The KSN series gages use an n-type silicon as the resistive element to control the resistance temperature coe�cient of the material according to the linear expansion coe�cient of the measuring object. Thus, the change of thermally-induced resistance is minimized.
Applicable Adhesives
-50 to 120°C-50 to 150°C
CC-33AEP-340
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
Applicable Adhesives
-50 to 120°C-30 to 100°C
CC-33ACC-36
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
●KSPB Series Semiconductor Strain Gages
The KSPB series gages are stable-performance semiconductor strain gages usable for general stress measurement and transducers. The F2 type has a half-bridge formed with a 2-element structure (positive and negative), for self-temperature compensation and is suitable for strain measurement of steel products.
●KSPLB Ultra Linear Semiconductor Strain Gage The KSPLB gage features a superior linearity of resistance change against strain in a comparatively wide range, thereby making it suitable as a sensing element of transducers.
●KSPH Series High-output Semiconductor Strain GagesThe KSPH series gages have high resistance, thereby making high excitation voltage applicable to obtain high output voltage.Applicable Adhesives
●Encapsulated Gages Hermetically sealed weldable strain gages are consist of sensing part and cable.
When ordering, specify the model together with code of the desired MI cable length, su�xed with a space in between. The su�x may include codes of the optional bridge adapter and compression fitting (see table below.) In all case, the length of soft cable is 50 cm. (For extension, contact us.)
■Bridge box DB-120A/LConnect KHCV or KCW to form the Wheatstone bridge.
■Half bridge adapter
■Sensing part (2-element)
Equipped with optimum temperature compensation resistors for the operating temperature range. When delivered, it is per-attached to the soft cable to prevent erroneous wring and ensures labor saving.
DB-120A
●DB-120A Cable: Chloroprene-coated 5 m long, terminated with a connector (NDIS4102 (7 pins)). Dimensions: 60 x 42 x 25 mm Weight: Approx. 600 g (Including cable)
●DB-120L(Compact plug-in type) Cable: Removable type 5 m long, terminated with a connector (NDIS4102 (7 pins)). Dimensions: 60 × 20 × 20 mm Weight: Approx. 60 g(Excluding cable)
φ1.7Soft cable
Bridge adapter Transparent heat-shrink tube
(15)
Shield
OutputInput
GrayGreenBlackWhiteRed
(45) (160)
■Quarter bridge adapterA dedicated adapter to the KHCV, enables easy selection of the cutoff frequencies (1.6, 7.23, 16 Hz, and flat) as well as easy connection to the measuring instrument to prevent erroneous wring.
■Compression fittingFor fixing MI cables.When ordering, specify it.
■MI cable length codes and optional accessories
Sensing part Measuring instrument
Normal direction
Reverse directionSensing part Measuring instrument
Compression fitting
Compression fitting
Tank, etc.
Allows a compression fitting to be installed in either inside or outside.
E.g.1) KHCS-10-120-G12-11 C5Mfor KHCS with 5 m long MI cable.2) KHCS-10-120-G12-11 C2MV for KHCS with 2 m long MI cable and a bridge adapter pre-attached.
GrayGreenBlackWhiteRed
Shield
Output
Input
(45) (160)
Bridge adapter
(15)
1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6 m8 m
10 m
MI cable length
C1MC2MC3MC4MC5MC6MC8MC10M
Code of MIcable length
C1MFVC2MFVC3MFVC4MFVC5MFVC6MFVC8MFVC10MFV
A & B
C1MFC2MFC3MFC4MFC5MFC6MFC8MFC10MF
Compression fitting B
C1MVC2MVC3MVC4MVC5MVC6MVC8MVC10MV
Bridge adapterA
(Std.)
Optional Accessories
Flange
Dummy element
Active elementSheath tube
MgO
Resistance: 10000 Ω Gage factor: Approx. 170
-50 to 120℃-30 to 100℃
CC-33ACC-36
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
Applicable Adhesives
-50 to 120℃-50 to 150℃7-E4
CC-33AEP-340
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
Gages for Ultra-small Strain Measurement (KSPH & KSPLB)
●KSPLB Ultra Linear Semiconductor Strain Gage The KSPLB gage features a superior linearity of resistance change against strain in a comparatively wide range, thereby making it suitable as a sensing element of transducers.
●KSPH Series High-output Semiconductor Strain GagesThe KSPH series gages have high resistance, thereby making high excitation voltage applicable to obtain high output voltage.Applicable Adhesives
●Encapsulated Gages Hermetically sealed weldable strain gages are consist of sensing part and cable.
When ordering, specify the model together with code of the desired MI cable length, su�xed with a space in between. The su�x may include codes of the optional bridge adapter and compression fitting (see table below.) In all case, the length of soft cable is 50 cm. (For extension, contact us.)
■Bridge box DB-120A/LConnect KHCV or KCW to form the Wheatstone bridge.
■Half bridge adapter
■Sensing part (2-element)
Equipped with optimum temperature compensation resistors for the operating temperature range. When delivered, it is per-attached to the soft cable to prevent erroneous wring and ensures labor saving.
DB-120A
●DB-120A Cable: Chloroprene-coated 5 m long, terminated with a connector (NDIS4102 (7 pins)). Dimensions: 60 x 42 x 25 mm Weight: Approx. 600 g (Including cable)
●DB-120L(Compact plug-in type) Cable: Removable type 5 m long, terminated with a connector (NDIS4102 (7 pins)). Dimensions: 60 × 20 × 20 mm Weight: Approx. 60 g(Excluding cable)
φ1.7Soft cable
Bridge adapter Transparent heat-shrink tube
(15)
Shield
OutputInput
GrayGreenBlackWhiteRed
(45) (160)
■Quarter bridge adapterA dedicated adapter to the KHCV, enables easy selection of the cutoff frequencies (1.6, 7.23, 16 Hz, and flat) as well as easy connection to the measuring instrument to prevent erroneous wring.
■Compression fittingFor fixing MI cables.When ordering, specify it.
■MI cable length codes and optional accessories
Sensing part Measuring instrument
Normal direction
Reverse directionSensing part Measuring instrument
Compression fitting
Compression fitting
Tank, etc.
Allows a compression fitting to be installed in either inside or outside.
E.g.1) KHCS-10-120-G12-11 C5Mfor KHCS with 5 m long MI cable.2) KHCS-10-120-G12-11 C2MV for KHCS with 2 m long MI cable and a bridge adapter pre-attached.
Encapsulated Gages (KHCX, KHCV, KHCR, KHCS, KHCM, and KHC) The specifications on this page are the reference values and may be changed on operating conditions.
The metal base enables easy mounting with a compact spot welder.
90°
45°
45°
10 gages/ pkg unless otherwise specified.
5 gages/ pkg
*Please use KFU for short period testing.E.g. 72 hours or less at 350 °C, 360 hours or less at 300 °C, adhesive PI-32 (It changes depending on the condition.)
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a high/low-temperature3-wire cable 5 m long pre-attached KFU-5-120-C1-11 H5M3
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with an advance ribbon cable only (25 mm long).
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with an advance ribbon cable only (25 mm long).
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.E.g.For the gage with a glass-coated Ni-plated 3-wire copper cable 5 m long pre-attached
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFU gages
●KH Series High-temperature Foil Strain Gages (350°C)
●KFU Series High-temperature Foil Strain Gages (350°C)The base is made of highly heat-resistant polyimide and the gage element is made of NiCr alloy foil, thereby letting the KFU series gage exhibit superior characteristics over a wide temperature range.
Operating time (Depends on usage conditions)24 hours or less at 350°C72 hours or less at 300°C
Installation Method
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KH gages
Applicable Adhesives
-30 to 350℃PI-32Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
-50 to 350℃Spot weldingOperating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
The metal base enables easy mounting with a compact spot welder.
90°
45°
45°
10 gages/ pkg unless otherwise specified.
5 gages/ pkg
*Please use KFU for short period testing.E.g. 72 hours or less at 350 °C, 360 hours or less at 300 °C, adhesive PI-32 (It changes depending on the condition.)
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a high/low-temperature3-wire cable 5 m long pre-attached KFU-5-120-C1-11 H5M3
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with an advance ribbon cable only (25 mm long).
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with an advance ribbon cable only (25 mm long).
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.E.g.For the gage with a glass-coated Ni-plated 3-wire copper cable 5 m long pre-attached
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFU gages
●KH Series High-temperature Foil Strain Gages (350°C)
●KFU Series High-temperature Foil Strain Gages (350°C)The base is made of highly heat-resistant polyimide and the gage element is made of NiCr alloy foil, thereby letting the KFU series gage exhibit superior characteristics over a wide temperature range.
Operating time (Depends on usage conditions)24 hours or less at 350°C72 hours or less at 300°C
Installation Method
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KH gages
Applicable Adhesives
-30 to 350℃PI-32Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
-50 to 350℃Spot weldingOperating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
●KFHB Series High-temperature Foil Strain Gages (250°C)The base is made of highly heat-resistant polyimide and the gage element is made of NiCr alloy foil, thereby ensuring less thermal output and excellent temperature characteristics.
Applicable Adhesives
-196 to 250°C24 hours or less at 250°C
-55 to 200°C120 hours or less at 200°C
PC-600,PI-32
EP-34B
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
(It changes depending on the condition.)
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFHB gages
These KFHB series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350Ω. The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
These KFHB series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350Ω. The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
●KFLB Series Low-temperature Foil Strain GagesThe gage element is made of NiCr alloy, which exhibits excellent characteristics under low-temperature environments and is sandwiched between polyimide films. Thus, the KFLB series gages are suitable for strain measurement of tanks and vessels containing low-temperature liquids such as LNG and LPG.
Applicable Adhesives
-269 to 30°C-269 to 150°C-196 to 120°C
EP-270PC-600CC-33A
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFLB series gages
These KFLB series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350Ω. The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
These KFL series gages are also available with the gage resistance of 350Ω. The size is slightly di�erent from 120Ω gages.
●KFEL Series High-elongation Foil Strain GagesDeveloped to measure strain from elastic to plastic region on structures, the KFEL series foil gages allow the strain to be measured as large as 10% to 15% with simple tension strain.
Note: Besides the usual surface treatment with sandpaper, the gage bonding surface should be treated with the surface treatment agent S-9B if the gage is bonded to non-adhesive plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Then, bond the gage using the adhesive CC-36. For S-9B and bonding conditions for other special materials, contact us.
-20 to 80℃CC-36Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
●KFEM Series Ultrahigh-elongation Foil Strain GagesKFEM series ultrahigh-elongation foil gages allow strain to be measured on various regions of structures, from elastic to plastic, and are suitable for large strain measurement. They can measure 20 to 30% of material deformation.
Applicable Adhesive
-10 to 80℃CC-36Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
Applicable Adhesive
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFEM gages
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFEL gages
●Measurement of 20% to 30% material deformation possible●Laminate protruding from the tip of gage base ensures improved adhesive property, making the gages hard to peel o .●Foil material has an improved elongation property and is hard to disconnect.
-10 to 80°CL-7, L-10 for ≥ 6 mL-6, L-9 for ≥ 6 mTwisted for ≥ 50 cm
10 gages/ pkg
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.
E.g.For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 10 m long pre-attached KFEL-5-120-C1 L10M2R
For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 3-wire cable 5 m long pre-attached KFEL-5-120-D35 L5M3S
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)
When ordering, su�x the lead-wire cable code (see table at the right) to the model number with a space in between.E.g.For the gage with a vinyl-coated flat 2-wire cable 10 m long pre-attached KFEM-5-120-C1 L10M2R
If no lead-wire cable code is su�xed, the gage is delivered with gage leads only. (Silver-covered copper wires 25 mm long)*Strain limit of 20% to 30% is ensured for
simple tension applied to the gage bonded on stainless steel (SUS 304) or aluminum alloy (A1050) at normal temperature.
*Strain limit will be decreased under the following conditions.● In case of bonding to non-adhesive
materials such as aluminum alloy (A7075) and plastics (Polypropylene)
● In case of the targets have discontinuous distortion, or any crack on its surface
● In case of measurement at high/low temperature. *For other lead-wire cable lengths, contact us.
The KFSB series foil strain gages are shielded by copper foil covering the whole body. Thus, if a large current flows to or around the gage bonding site, noise will be prevented from entering the measuring circuit.
●KFNB Series Non-inductive Foil Strain Gages
The gage element is made of a special alloy which provides less magnetoresistant e�ect; also, the shape is designed to eliminate induction. Thus, the KFNB series foil strain gages allow the strain to be measured accurately under AC magnetic environments.
■Types, lengths and codes of lead-wire cables pre-attached to KFSB gages
●KFV Foil Strain Gage for Hydrogen Gas EnvironmentKFV is a foil strain gage that enables stable strain measurement under high-pressure hydrogen gas environments. The metal foil of conventional foil strain gages has the electric resistance changed by receiving hydrogen e�ect, thereby disabling stable strain measurement. KFV strain gage receives less electric resistance change due to hydrogen, thereby enabling stable strain measurement.
●KFF Series Foil Strain Gages for Bending Strain MeasurementThe KFF series foil strain gages have one each sensing element on both the upper and lower sides of the thick plastic base. If measuring stress in box structures such as bridge girders, or in high-pressure vessels that do not allow gages to be bonded directly to the inside of the measuring object, the KFF series gages can be bonded to the outside surface to obtain strain on the inside.
●When using this gage, use it properly according to the thickness of the object being measured.●When the object being measured is thin (approx. 1 mm or less), the sensitivity
drops due to the impact of the reinforcement e�ect caused by gage contact. When the measurement object is thick (approx. 30 mm or more), the accuracy deteriorates.[Examples of proper gage models for the thickness of measurement objects]KFF-30-350-C11: Approx. 1 mm to 15 mmKFF-30-350-C12: Approx. 4 mm to 30 mm
To Ensure Safe Usage Before using KFV strain gages, request the leaflet and read thoroughly the Safety Precautions described there.
Gages for High-pressure Hydrogen Gas Environment (KFV)
Bending Strain Measuring Gages (KFF)
1-45
1-45
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
●KMP Embedded Gage
Embedded in resin, the KMP gage measures cure-shrinkage and internal strain. The compact design enables embedment in shaped resins and is suitable for internal stress measurement of products made by combining epoxy resin and metal.
Developed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Commercialized by Kyowa Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd.
KMP-8-H3-L100120 Ω Approx. 2.01 mmApprox. 70 GPa (Approx. 7000 kgf/mm2)20 to 150°C20 to 120°CK (φ 0.1)
ModelGage ResistanceGage FactorLength of Sensing ElementApparent Young ModulusOperating TemperatureCompensated TemperatureBuilt-in Thermocouples
The unique design simplifies gage bonding, wiring and moisture-proofing work in the field. In addition, the metal case protects the strain gage and significantly improves reliability compared with conventional gages. Using stud bolts and adhesive allows the gages to be mounted to the bottom or side plate of a tank for strain measurement, to a hopper or tank for weight measurement, to the shaft of a truck for tare weight measurement or any other similar applications where the gages need to be protected against moisture, water or small stones.
Applicable Adhesives
-40 to 100℃-40 to 100℃
EP-340CC-33A
Operating Temp. after Curing the Adhesive
●KCH Series Foil Strain Gages with a Protector
Gage patterns
System
KCH-5A-B,KCH-5A-BJ
2 mm350 Ω
KCH-5A-S,KCH-5A-SJ
2 mm350 Ω
KCH-5A-1
5 mm350 Ω
KCH-5A-3
5 mm350 Ω
KCH-5A-2
5 mm350 Ω
Cables
3-wire system 2-wire systemFull-bridge systemFull-bridge systemKCH-5A-B and S come with special flexible vinyl-shielded 4-conductor (0.3 mm2) cable, 6.3 mm diameter by 10 m long, bared at the tip. KCH-5A-BJ and SJ come with special flexible inyl-shielded 4-conductor (0.3 mm2) cable, 2 m long (cable cover 1.75 m long) by 6.3 mm diameter (10.2 mm including cable cover) and terminated with waterproof connector jack (R04-P6-M6.8). Relay cables (TN-29 to 33) are optional accessories.
Special flexible vinyl-shielded 6-conductor (0.3 mm2) cable, 6.8 mm diameter by 10 m long, bared at the tip.
Special flexible vinyl-shielded 4-conductor (0.3 mm2) cable, 6.3 mm diameter by 10 m long, bared at the tip.
With waterproof connector jack (R04-J6-F6.8) Bared at the tip
2 m
1.5 m
3 m
2.5 m
7 m
6.5 m
10 m
9.5 m
12 m
11.5 m
ResistanceGage length
Types Models
Full bridge Full bridge (For shearing) Uniaxial Biaxial, 0/90° stacked rosette Triaxial, 0/45/90° stacked rosette
φ95536
3012
.51.
6
+− +
−
Gages with a Protector (KCH)
Embedded Gage (KMP)
1-46
1-46
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Models Base materialQty ofgrids
Grid size (mm)
PitchWL2L1Base size
(mm)
30×5
42×32
Paper base + phenol-epoxy
Paper base + phenol-epoxy
5.4
9
25.2
33.6
4.6
25.2
0.1
1
46
26
Resistance(Ω)
KV-5C
KV-25B
Approx.1.0
Approx.1.0
Features●Progress and developing velocity of the crack are electrically obtained.●High response speed.●Applicable to both flat and curved surfaces.●Resistance change vs crack length is virtually linear.●Dedicated adapter enables use of a conventional strain amplifier.●Extremely simple and convenient compared with the conventional optical method.●Allows 2 trigger wires each in front of and behind the grid (KV-5C) to be used for
automation of measurement.
Specifications
●KV Series Crack Gages
●Adapter KVA-1A (Option)
~
3
42
1
Connection Diagram
Gage terminal(T-PI, P5, etc.)
KV gage
119.5Ω
1Ω
KVA-1Aadapter
Strain amplifier
Note: Use lead wires with a low resistance to connect to the adapter (0.1Ω or less).
KV-5C
KV-25B
L2
L1
W
L2 WL1
Bonded to the cracked part of a structure or material (or a part of such material where a crack is predicted to develop), the KV series gages measure the developing length and velocity of the crack. Di�erent from usual strain gages, the grids of the KV series gages are cut along with crack development, resulting in resistance change.
Direction of crack5 gages/pkg
Applicable Adhesives:
Adapter:
Dimensions:
CC-33A, CC-36, PC-600
KVA-1A (Optional accessories)
35 x 20 x 15 mm
Crack Gages (KV)
1-47
1-47
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Adhesives and Bonding Tools
-30 to 120(Regular temperature: 20 to 80)
To obtain good measurement results, the strain gage must be bonded firmly to the measuring object. Thus, it is important to select an adhesive suitable for the materials of both the object being measured and the gage base, as well as for the measuring conditions.
Note: The stated operating temperature range is for the adhesive only, and may di�er depending on combinations with gages. When using the adhesives and gages together, read the attached instruction manual carefully.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●High viscosity makes it suitable for bonding to porous materials such lumber and concrete.
●Suitable for bonding general-purpose gages which are used for general stress measurement at normal temperature.
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 30 to 180 seconds. (After curing, leave the gage for 1 hour or more.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●Suitable for bonding general-purpose gages which are used for general stress measurement at normal temperature.
●Quick curing ensures smooth bonding workability.
●Enables measurement in approximately 1 hour from bonding.
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 15 to 60 seconds. (Then, leave the gage for 1 hour.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5 2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5 2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5
●Suitable for bonding a high-elongation gage (such as KFEM and KFEL) at normal temperature.
●Suitable for bonding to non-adhesive materials such as aluminum alloy (A7075) and magnesium alloy.
●High peeling resistance, high impact resistance and less aging deterioration of bonding strength
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 30 to 60 seconds. (After curing, leave the gage for 1 hour or more.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●Concrete●Mortar●Wood
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at mid temperature and for bonding gages for transducers.
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at mid temperature.
●Apply pressure (100 ±50 kPa) for 24 hours at
approx. 25°C or for 2 hours at 80°C. ●Pressing is possible with
tape.
Cured at normal temperatureor by heating
●Apply pressure (30 to 50 kPa) for 24 hours at
approx. 25°C or for 2 hours at 80°C. ●Pressing is possible with
tape.
Cured at normal temperatureor by heating
Cured by normal temperature + heating
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
30.8 g Main agent: 5.6 g x 4Curing agent: 2.1 g x 4
30 g Main agent: 6 g x 4Curing agent: 1.5 g x 4
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at very low temperature.
●Apply pressure (50 ±20 kPa) for 24 hours
at approx. 25°C.
Cured at normal temperature
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
50 g Main agent: 25 gCuring agent: 25 g
●Low viscosity makes it suitable for bonding gages (KFB) in bolts.
●Keep at normal temperature for 24 hours and heat it for 5 hours at 80 ℃.
40 gMain agent: 30 gCuring agent: 10 g
1 heating type of phenol liquid
100 g 20 g
1 heating type of polyimide liquid
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at low, mid and high temperatures and for bonding gages for transducers.
●Apply pressure (150 to 300 kPa) for 1 hour at 80°C
→2 hours at 130°C →2 hours at 150°C.
●Apply pressure (200 to 500 kPa) for 1 hour at 100°C
→2 hours at 200°C →2 hours at the operating
temperature with the pressure removed.
*If it is di£cult to heat at 200°C, 2 h at 200°C may be changed to 5 h at 160°C with all other conditions followed.
Cured by heating
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at high temperature.
To obtain good measurement results, the strain gage must be bonded firmly to the measuring object. Thus, it is important to select an adhesive suitable for the materials of both the object being measured and the gage base, as well as for the measuring conditions.
Note: The stated operating temperature range is for the adhesive only, and may di�er depending on combinations with gages. When using the adhesives and gages together, read the attached instruction manual carefully.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●High viscosity makes it suitable for bonding to porous materials such lumber and concrete.
●Suitable for bonding general-purpose gages which are used for general stress measurement at normal temperature.
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 30 to 180 seconds. (After curing, leave the gage for 1 hour or more.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●Suitable for bonding general-purpose gages which are used for general stress measurement at normal temperature.
●Quick curing ensures smooth bonding workability.
●Enables measurement in approximately 1 hour from bonding.
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 15 to 60 seconds. (Then, leave the gage for 1 hour.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
1 type of cyanoacrylate liquid
2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5 2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5 2 g × 1 or 2 g × 5
●Suitable for bonding a high-elongation gage (such as KFEM and KFEL) at normal temperature.
●Suitable for bonding to non-adhesive materials such as aluminum alloy (A7075) and magnesium alloy.
●High peeling resistance, high impact resistance and less aging deterioration of bonding strength
●Apply finger pressure (100 to 300 kPa) for 30 to 60 seconds. (After curing, leave the gage for 1 hour or more.)
*The finger pressure application time di�ers depending on temperature and humidity conditions. The lower the temperature and humidity, the longer the finger pressure application time required.
Instantaneous adhesive cured at normal temperature
●Concrete●Mortar●Wood
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at mid temperature and for bonding gages for transducers.
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at mid temperature.
●Apply pressure (100 ±50 kPa) for 24 hours at
approx. 25°C or for 2 hours at 80°C. ●Pressing is possible with
tape.
Cured at normal temperatureor by heating
●Apply pressure (30 to 50 kPa) for 24 hours at
approx. 25°C or for 2 hours at 80°C. ●Pressing is possible with
tape.
Cured at normal temperatureor by heating
Cured by normal temperature + heating
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
30.8 g Main agent: 5.6 g x 4Curing agent: 2.1 g x 4
30 g Main agent: 6 g x 4Curing agent: 1.5 g x 4
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at very low temperature.
●Apply pressure (50 ±20 kPa) for 24 hours
at approx. 25°C.
Cured at normal temperature
2 types of epoxy liquid mixed
50 g Main agent: 25 gCuring agent: 25 g
●Low viscosity makes it suitable for bonding gages (KFB) in bolts.
●Keep at normal temperature for 24 hours and heat it for 5 hours at 80 ℃.
40 gMain agent: 30 gCuring agent: 10 g
1 heating type of phenol liquid
100 g 20 g
1 heating type of polyimide liquid
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at low, mid and high temperatures and for bonding gages for transducers.
●Apply pressure (150 to 300 kPa) for 1 hour at 80°C
→2 hours at 130°C →2 hours at 150°C.
●Apply pressure (200 to 500 kPa) for 1 hour at 100°C
→2 hours at 200°C →2 hours at the operating
temperature with the pressure removed.
*If it is di£cult to heat at 200°C, 2 h at 200°C may be changed to 5 h at 160°C with all other conditions followed.
Cured by heating
●Suitable for bonding gages for strain measurement at high temperature.
The G-MATE applies pressure to a bonded strain gage continuously until the adhesive is cured. It consists of a frame equipped with a strong ferrite magnet to firmly fix the object under testing and a pressure disk equipped with silicon sponge rubber and a coil spring to apply constant pressure to the strain gage.
Note: The power supply of the electric goods is set to 100 VAC, as per Japanese specifications.Note: For GTK-77 AC220 NF, contact us.
*Products corresponding to welding speed 50 Ws, approx. 180 times/min. can also be manufactured.(Note: Does not comply with overseas laws and regulations. For use in Japan only.) Please contact us for details.
Note: Cleaner, strain gages and adhesives are not included. Please prepare them separately.
●GTK-77 NF Tool Kit This kit includes almost all tools, gage terminals, solder and other expendables required for gage bonding work.
●GTK-55K Tool Kit This portable kit includes almost all items required for gage bonding work.
●GW-3C Compact Spot WelderDeveloped to install encapsulated gages such as the KHCX, KHCS and KHC and to fix high-temperature lead wires and thermocouples, the GW-3C is an easy-to-use welder allowing continuously variable setting of welding energy.
Specifications
Welding Energy
Welding Speed
Power SupplyDimensions and WeightEMC DirectiveLow Voltage Directive Accessories
Options
LOW: 0 to 25 Ws, continuously variableHIGH: 0 to 50 Ws, continuously variable 1 Ws: 150 times/min., 5 Ws: 120 times/min., 10 Ws: 80 times/min., 20 Ws: 60 times/min., 50 Ws: 30 times/min.AC line 183 W x 153 H x 313 D mm (Excluding protrusions), approx. 9 kg (Main body) EN61326-1 (Class A)EN61010-1, EN61010-2-030(Installation Category Ⅱ, Pollution Degree 2, Measurement Category O)Square welding head, grounding clip (With 1.3-m long cable), 2 electrodes (GW-02), metal file, fuse (5 A), hexagon wrench, instruction manualAluminum trunk (GW-01)
■Gage Bonding Tool Kit
■Gage Presser
■Compact Spot Welder
1-50
1-50
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Gage Terminals and Other Accessories
●T-type Gage Terminals A gage terminal is for connecting a strain gage and lead wires to protect the gage leads. It prevents the strain gage from receiving force and the gage leads from breaking or peeling o� if the lead wires are pulled to some extent.
Tin-platedcopper
wire
Tin-platedcopper
wire
Tin-platedcopper
wire
Tin-platedcopper
wire
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
20 sheets(5 poles/
sheet)
CC-33AEP-34B
CC-33AEP-34B
Notrequired
CC-33AEP-34B
CC-33AEP-34B
10 sheets CC-33AEP-34B
For hightemperature
CC-33A
ABS CC-33A
Notrequired
ABS CC-33A
CC-33A
20 pcs.
20 pcs.
20 pcs.
40 pcs.
For hightemperaturePI-32
6×5×6
6×5×4
15×10×4.5
15×10×4
6×6×2.5
6×6×2
Outer: φ6 Inner: φ2.5
Heat-resistantstyrol + rubber
14×10×4.5
14×10×4
Self-bonding
Notrequired Self-bonding
Self-bonding
Notrequired Self-bonding
Notrequired Self-bonding
Self-bonding
For 3-wiresystem
Mainly for5-element
gages
For 3-wiresystem
Rubber onthe rear face
-30 to 90
-30 to 50
-30 to 50
-30 to 50
-30 to 50
-30 to 50
-196 to 120
-196 to 120
-196 to 120
-196 to 120
-196 to 120
–196 to 200,–196 to 120with CC-33A
-196 to 350
CC-33A EP-34B
-30 to 80
-30 to 120
-30 to 80
Copper foil
Copper foil
Copper foil
Copper foil
Copper foil
Copper foil
Copper foil
Glass epoxy
Glass epoxy
Glass epoxy +double-sidedadhesive tape
Glass epoxy
Glass epoxy +double-sidedadhesive tape
Glass epoxy
Glass epoxy
Polyimide
Polyimide
20 sheetsFor measuring axial tension
of bolts -196 to 120 EP-340, 370
CC-33ACopper foilGlass epoxy
Heat-resistantstyrol
ABS +double-sidedadhesive tape
ABS +double-sidedadhesive tape
Styrol
Styrol +double-sidedadhesive tape
5-pole 14×55×0.11-pole 14×11×0.1
5-pole 14×65×0.11-pole 14×13×0.1
5-pole 14×65×0.15 1-pole 14×13×0.15
5-pole 6×25×0.1 1-pole 6×5×0.1
5-pole 6×25×0.15 1-pole 6×5×0.15
5-pole 4×30×0.1 1-pole 4×6×0.1
15×50×0.1
5-pole 14×55×0.1 1-pole 14×11×0.1
5-pole 9×40×0.1 1-pole 9×8×0.1
5-pole 6×25×0.1 1-pole 6×5×0.1
5-pole 14×55×0.1 1-pole 14×11×0.1
5-pole 9×40×0.1 1-pole 9×8×0.1
5-pole 6×25×0.1 1-pole 6×5×0.1
Foil
typ
esM
old
typ
es
ModelsOperating
Temperature(°C)
BaseMaterials
ConductorMaterials
Qtyper
Pack
Recom-mended
AdhesivesRemarks
Dimensions(mm)
(W x L x T)
T-F2B
T-F3B
T-F13B
T-F7B
T-F17B
T-F8B
T-F10B
T-F23
T-F24
T-F25
T-P1
T-P4
T-P5
T-P6
T-P7
T-P8
T-P9
T-P10
T-F26
T-F27
T-F28
T-F29
1-51
1-51
STR
AIN
GA
GES
Strain Gages
Outline
Lead-wire cable
General
Waterproof
Concrete
Composite materialPCB
Plastics
High elongation
Non-magnetoresistive
Hydrogen gasBending
With protectorEmbedded
Crack
AdhesiveCoating agent
Custom-designed
Ultra-small strainHigh temp.Low temp.
Coating agents are applied to gages and gage terminals to prevent gages from adsorbing moisture in outdoor or long-term measurements.
*The heat resistance of 350°C for the heat-resistant glass tape is the specification for a short-term operation.
●HTG Series Accessories for High-temperature Gages
◎: Excellent○: Rather excellent△: Rather inferior×: Inferior
Name Models Specifications Qty
40 cm longbar x 2
Inner diameter: 1.5 mmLength: 1 m 10 pcs.
32.9 m long
33 m long
20 g
Fusion temperature: 309°C Maximum operating temperature: 300°C
Ingredients:Inorganic acid + alcohol
Heat resistance: 200°CWidth: 12.7 mm
Heat resistance: 350°CWidth: 25 mm
High-temperature solder
Flux for high-temperature solder
Heat-resistant glass tube
Heat-resistant teflon tape
Heat-resistant glass tape
HTG-S-B
HTG-S-F
HTG-G-TUBE
HTG-T-TAPE
HTG-G-TAPE
*When using, read the attached instruction manual carefully.
Models
Hot-melt type Rubber solvent type
Press-fitting rubber type 2-liquid type (1:1) Rubber solvent
type
–30 to 40°C –50 to 60°C –269 to 60°C –30 to 80°C –50 to 100°C –20 to 70°C
Heat-melted &cured at normal temp.
Hot-melt type
Heat-melted &cured at normal temp. Press-fittedCured
Various custom-designed gage patterns and lengths are available to meet the needs of your measurement.For details, please contact us. Below are some illustrated examples of custom-designed strain gages.
5-element pattern for shearing strain
Biaxial orthogonal half-bridge pattern
Uniaxial 2-element pattern
Small uniaxial pattern with lead wires from both ends
Uniaxial 2-element half-bridge pattern
Ultra-small biaxial 0/90° crossed pattern
Small uniaxial pattern with lead wires from both ends
Multi-element pattern
Coating agents are applied to gages and gage terminals to prevent gages from adsorbing moisture in outdoor or long-term measurements.
*The heat resistance of 350°C for the heat-resistant glass tape is the specification for a short-term operation.
●HTG Series Accessories for High-temperature Gages
◎: Excellent○: Rather excellent△: Rather inferior×: Inferior
Name Models Specifications Qty
40 cm longbar x 2
Inner diameter: 1.5 mmLength: 1 m 10 pcs.
32.9 m long
33 m long
20 g
Fusion temperature: 309°C Maximum operating temperature: 300°C
Ingredients:Inorganic acid + alcohol
Heat resistance: 200°CWidth: 12.7 mm
Heat resistance: 350°CWidth: 25 mm
High-temperature solder
Flux for high-temperature solder
Heat-resistant glass tube
Heat-resistant teflon tape
Heat-resistant glass tape
HTG-S-B
HTG-S-F
HTG-G-TUBE
HTG-T-TAPE
HTG-G-TAPE
*When using, read the attached instruction manual carefully.
Models
Hot-melt type Rubber solvent type
Press-fitting rubber type 2-liquid type (1:1) Rubber solvent
type
–30 to 40°C –50 to 60°C –269 to 60°C –30 to 80°C –50 to 100°C –20 to 70°C
Heat-melted &cured at normal temp.
Hot-melt type
Heat-melted &cured at normal temp. Press-fittedCured
Being excellent in nonlinearity & repeatability, strain gages can be used not only to test strain, but to make transducers as well.We use our own strain gages to produce our strain gage transducers, so naturally the transducers are of high reliability.
We provide various strain gages for our customers to make their own transducers to test load, force, pressure, torque, etc.The following patterns are some examples.For details, please contact us.