Storage (Maintain in memory) Retrieval (Recover from memory) Encoding (Code and put into memory) Basic Memory Processes.

Storage(Maintain in

memory)

Retrieval(Recover from

memory)

Encoding(Code and put into memory)

Basic Memory Processes

TIP OF TONGUE EXPERIMENTProvide a word that satisfies each of the following definitions.

• A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered person try to kill the murderer or members of his family.

• A protecting charm to ward off spirits.• An old coin of Spain and South America.• A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock.• A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of

perfume.• A building used for public worship by Moslems.• An Egyption ornament in the shape of a beetle.• The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical

corps.• A Russian sled drawn by three horses.• A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs.• A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. • A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are

connected.

ANSWERS1. A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered

person try to kill the murderer or members of his family. [vendetta]

2. A protecting charm to ward off spirits. [amulet]3. An old coin of Spain and South America. [doubloon]

4. A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock. [obsidian]

5. A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of perfume. [ambergris]

6. A building used for public worship by Moslems. [mosque]

7. An Egyptian ornament in the shape of a beetle. [scarab]

8. The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical corps. [caduceus]

9. A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs. [scimitar]

10. A Russian sled drawn by three horses. [troika]

11. A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. [sextant]

12. A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are connected. [isthmus]

A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT ON MEMORY

INSTRUCTIONS: Read each of the words below at a slow and steady rate, say, one word/sec.

DISTINGUISHED

FENCE

FRAGRANCE

FANTASY

TOWN

ROBIN

EVENING

ARMCHAIR

WOOL

ELEGANT

FABRIC

CRIMINAL

BEVERAGE

EXPENSIVE

BARRICADE

WHEEL

SUMMER

ALLIGATOR

MILKSHAKE

CINEMA

WEALTH

DRINK

Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any?

Write down which words you recognize.

SPRING FINCH ODOR

COTTON POST BEVERAGE

HAMBURGER TIRE FAMOUS

ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT SPARROW

ROCKING CHAIR MAP VILLAGE

RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER

GLOVES SODA SCARF

FILM MOVIE AROMA

ELEGANT PERFUME FENCE

DREAM

SPRING [SUMMER] FINCH [ROBIN] ODOR [FRAGRANCE]

COTTON [WOOL] POST [FENCE] BEVERAGE

HAMBURGERHAMBURGER TIRE [WHEEL] FAMOUS [DISTINGUISHED]

ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT[DISTINGUISHED] SPARROW [ROBIN]

ROCKING CHAIR [ARMCHAIR] MAPMAP VILLAGEVILLAGE

RICH RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER

GLOVESGLOVES SODA [BEVERAGE] SCARFSCARF

FILM [CINEMA] MOVIE [CINEMA] AROMA [FRAGRANCE]

ELEGANT PERFUME [FRAGRANCE] FENCE

DREAM DREAM

Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any? Write down which words you recognize.

6 2 7 4 1 8

2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8

1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7

S L R R

K H W D A G R O F Z

Q M R H X Z D R P P E H

CAT BOAT RUG

CLOTHES CHOOSE GIFT DRIVE BOOK TREE HAIR THIS

LOG DAY TIME CHESS LAKE CUT BIRD SHEET YOUR SEE STREET WHEEL

MEMORY SPAN

9 2 5 G M N

8 6 4 2 S L R R

3 7 6 5 4 V O E P G

6 2 7 4 1 8 X W D X Q O

0 4 0 1 4 7 3 E P H H J A E

1 9 2 2 3 5 3 0 Z D O F W D S V

4 8 6 8 5 4 3 3 2 D T Y N R H E H Q

2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8 K H W D A G R O F Z

8 5 1 2 9 6 1 9 4 5 0 U D F F W H D Q D G E

9 1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7 Q M R H X Z D R P P E H

COMPUTER VS. HUMAN MEMORY

COMPUTER HUMAN

PERMANENT X

PERFECT X

PARTIAL X

VARIES WITH TIME X

LOCALIZED X

UNLIMITED CAPACITY X

INFLUENCED BY MEANING X

Chinese Room Problem

Chinese text

Man in room is a fluent Chinese-English interpreter

English text

Chinese text

Man in room full of Chinese-English translation books. Man knows no Chinese.

English text

Do both men know Chinese?

Three Types of Memory

• Iconic (Sensory) Memory: 100-300 msec.

• Short Term (Working) Memory: 1-30

sec.

• Long Term Memory: > 2 min.

INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY

A 4 Q I

B 9 6 Z

4 N 7 L

TEST FOR ICONIC MEMORY

Examples of Chunking

• SOHCATOA

• ROYGBIV

• 1433426086125

• XFBICIADVDNHLUSAZ

Remember This Position

Serial Position Curve

Contribution of Rehearsal to Serial Position Effect

Effect of Rate Presentationon Serial Position Effect

Manipulating the Recency Effect

“Shallow” Are these words in the same typeface?“HOUSE-trick”

“Medium” Do these words rhyme?“BALL-TALL”

“Deep” Are these words synonyms?“CAR-AUTOMOBILE”

Different Levels of Processing in Working Memory