Stone age (2 MA to 4000 bc) Various metal ages Petroleum age (1859- 2040?) Confessions of a former petroleum geologist Blythe Hoyle Department of Geology.

Stone age (2 MA to 4000 bc)

Various metal agesPetroleum age (1859-

2040?)

Confessions of a former petroleum geologist

Blythe HoyleDepartment of Geology

November 18, 2005

Each dollar increase in oil price = 863 more students

taking geology!U.S. Geology Enrollments, 1980-2000

y = 863.2x + 2836.9

R2 = 0.50860

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

0 10 20 30 40

Oil Price, dollars

Ge

olo

gy

Stu

de

nts

Na

tio

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ide

Enrollment data, AGI.

http://www.naturalgas.org/images/drilling_diagram.gif image from U.S. Energy Information Administration

Primary production by pumpingyields 25-35% of oil in place

Secondary production(water flooding) may yield another20-30%

Tertiary production(steam, CO2 flooding, biopolymerplugging) is expensive, yield?

U.S. Consumes 26% of Global Petroleum

ProductionJuly 2005, daily:21.95 million barrels

Imports = 61%

U.S., annual:8 billion barrels oil

U.S. per capita:27 barrels per year

U.S. is third largest producer

Petroleum imports

http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/pie%20chart.gif2003 data

OrganizationPetroleumExportingCountries

Algeria QatarIndonesia Saudi ArabiaIran UAEKuwait VenezuelaLibya IraqNigeria

Total OPEC crude oil production: 30 million BOPDSpare capacity: 1 to 1.5 million BOPD (Saudi Arabia)

Global spare capacity is low

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/gifs/Slide8.gif

Most petroleum is used for fuel

gasoline45%

diesel fuel, heating oil22%

jet fuel9%

heavy fuel oil4%

liquif ied petroleum gas4%

other products16%

gasoline

diesel fuel, heating oil

jet fuel

heavy fuel oil

liquified petroleum gas

other products

Data replotted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/good%20barrell.gif

Gas: C1-C4Naphtha (solvents): C5-C7Gasoline:C6-C12Jet fuel = kerosene:C10-C15Diesel/heating oil:C10-C20Vaseline: C16-C20Paraffin, tar, asphalt: >C20

In 1967 we were all laughing

Mr. McGuire:I want to say one word to you. Just one word. Benjamin: Yes, sir. Mr. McGuire: Are you listening? Benjamin: Yes, I am. Mr. McGuire: Plastics.

The Graduate, 1967, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0061722/quotes

But who’s laughing now?

Acc. To EIA/DOE, “petroleum products account for 89% of … energy

consumption for non-fuel uses”

PlasticsTextilesPharmaceuticalsFertilizerCoke for graphite

products

SolventsFood grade paraffinPetroleum jelly (cosmetics)Asphalt-paving, roofingPesticides

Alternative Carbon Sources

• Oil sands (3,500 billion barrels?)• Oil Shales (14,000 billion barrels?)• Methane hydrates (10,000 billion tons C?)• Coal (one ton of coal produces 200 liters of

crude, Wikipedia)• Natural gas - lots• Biofuels

Chevron says:

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