Sterilization and disinfection

STERILIZATION STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTIONAND DISINFECTION

MICHELLE ANNE P. DECIPOLO, RNMICHELLE ANNE P. DECIPOLO, RNCLINICAL INSTRUCTORCLINICAL INSTRUCTOR

STERILE TECHNIQUESTERILE TECHNIQUE

►COMMONLY USED IN THE COMMONLY USED IN THE OPERATING ROOM AND DELIVERY OPERATING ROOM AND DELIVERY ROOMROOM

►NURSING PROCEDURES THAT ARE NURSING PROCEDURES THAT ARE INVASIVEINVASIVE

PURPOSEPURPOSE

►ELIMINATE ALL MICROORGANISMS ELIMINATE ALL MICROORGANISMS THAT WILL COME INTO CONTACT THAT WILL COME INTO CONTACT WITH BODY TISSUES.WITH BODY TISSUES.

►PROTECT PATIENTS FROM PROTECT PATIENTS FROM POSSIBLE INFECTION WHEN POSSIBLE INFECTION WHEN NATURAL DEFENSES ARE NOT NATURAL DEFENSES ARE NOT NORMALNORMAL

PROCEDURES REQUIRING PROCEDURES REQUIRING STERILE TECHNIQUESTERILE TECHNIQUE

►PROCEDURES WHEN UNDERLYING PROCEDURES WHEN UNDERLYING TISSUES ARE BEING EXPOSEDTISSUES ARE BEING EXPOSED

►INTERNAL BODY AREAS ARE INTERNAL BODY AREAS ARE NORMALLY STERILENORMALLY STERILE

STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

►COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OF COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OF MICROORGANISMMICROORGANISM

ITEMS MUST FIRST BE CLEAN ITEMS MUST FIRST BE CLEAN BEFORE STERILIZEDBEFORE STERILIZED

►ITEMS MUST NOT ONLY BE FREE ITEMS MUST NOT ONLY BE FREE FROM MICROORGNISM BUT ALSO FROM MICROORGNISM BUT ALSO UNDAMAGEDUNDAMAGED

METHODS OF METHODS OF STERILIZATIONSTERILIZATION

►THERMALTHERMAL►CHEMICALCHEMICAL►IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION

THERMALTHERMAL

►MOIST HEAT (STEAM UNDER PRESSURE)MOIST HEAT (STEAM UNDER PRESSURE)

HIGH PRESSURIZED STEAM REACHED A HIGH PRESSURIZED STEAM REACHED A HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO DESTROY HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO DESTROY MICROORGANISMMICROORGANISM

► EX. AUTOCLAVEEX. AUTOCLAVE

►HOT AIR (DRY HEAT)HOT AIR (DRY HEAT)

STERILIZED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, STERILIZED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ANHYDROUS OILS AND POWDERSANHYDROUS OILS AND POWDERS

►MICROWAVESMICROWAVES

USES LOW – PRESSURE STEAM ALONG USES LOW – PRESSURE STEAM ALONG WITH THE NONIONIZING RADIATIONWITH THE NONIONIZING RADIATION

AUTOCLAVE

HOT AIR

MICROWAVE

CHEMICALCHEMICAL

►ETHYLENE OXIDE GASETHYLENE OXIDE GAS

ITEMS THAT ARE SENSITIVE HEAT/ ITEMS THAT ARE SENSITIVE HEAT/ MOISTURE.MOISTURE.

►HIGHLY HIGHLY FLAMMABLE!!!FLAMMABLE!!!MONITOR!!!MONITOR!!!

STERILIZATION IS ACHIEVED STERILIZATION IS ACHIEVED THROUGH LOW - TEMPERATURESTHROUGH LOW - TEMPERATURES

►HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PLASMA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PLASMA VAPORVAPOR

SAFE AND NON-TOXIC

►OZONE GASOZONE GAS

EXPENSIVE AND EASY TO OPERATEEXPENSIVE AND EASY TO OPERATE

CORROSIVE!!!

NOT USED FOR ITEMS MADE OF NOT USED FOR ITEMS MADE OF STEEL BRASS AND ALUMINUMSTEEL BRASS AND ALUMINUM

►LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILANT – LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILANT – PERACETIC ACIDPERACETIC ACID

LIQUID STERILANTLIQUID STERILANT SUITABLE FOR STERILIZING HEAT – SUITABLE FOR STERILIZING HEAT –

SENSITIVE ITEMSSENSITIVE ITEMS RINSE IN STERILE WATER BEFORE RINSE IN STERILE WATER BEFORE

USINGUSING CAN BE USED IMMEDIATELYCAN BE USED IMMEDIATELY

IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION

►EXPOSURE TO IRRADIATIONEXPOSURE TO IRRADIATION

IRRADIATION STERILIZATION IS IRRADIATION STERILIZATION IS SUITABLE FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE SUITABLE FOR HEAT AND MOISTURE SENSITIVE ITEMSSENSITIVE ITEMS

DISINFECTIONDISINFECTION

►the process of killing pathogenic the process of killing pathogenic organisms organisms

►used when items cannot be used when items cannot be sterilized or situations where no sterilized or situations where no method of sterilization is availablemethod of sterilization is available

TYPESTYPES

►LOW – LEVEL DISINFECTANTSLOW – LEVEL DISINFECTANTS FOR HOUSEKEEPING AND NON – FOR HOUSEKEEPING AND NON –

CRITICAL ITEMS THAT DOES NOT CRITICAL ITEMS THAT DOES NOT TOUCH THE PATIENT’S SKINTOUCH THE PATIENT’S SKIN

EX.EX.

► INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTANTSINTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTANTS

FOR SEMI – CRITICAL ITEMS THAT FOR SEMI – CRITICAL ITEMS THAT COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE SKINCOMES IN CONTACT WITH THE SKIN

EX.EX.

►HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTANTHIGH LEVEL DISINFECTANT

FOR CRITICAL ITEMS THAT COMES IN FOR CRITICAL ITEMS THAT COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE BODY TISSUES CONTACT WITH THE BODY TISSUES OR BELOW SKIN MEMBRANESOR BELOW SKIN MEMBRANES

TYPES OF DISINFECTANTSTYPES OF DISINFECTANTS

►CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTSCHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS

►PHYSICAL DISINFECTANTSPHYSICAL DISINFECTANTS

PHYSICAL DISINFECTANTSPHYSICAL DISINFECTANTS

►BOILING WATERBOILING WATER

►ULTRAVIOLET RAYSULTRAVIOLET RAYS THE RAYS COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE RAYS COMES IN CONTACT WITH

THE ORGANISMSTHE ORGANISMS

WEAR PROTECTIVE WEAR PROTECTIVE SKIN COVERING!!!SKIN COVERING!!!

INDICATORS OF STERILITYINDICATORS OF STERILITY

►STERILE TAPES STERILE TAPES

►PACKAGE WITH STERILE INDICATORSPACKAGE WITH STERILE INDICATORS

►EXPIRATION DATEEXPIRATION DATE

GENERAL PRINCIPLESGENERAL PRINCIPLES

1.1. MICROORGANISMS MOVE THROUGH MICROORGANISMS MOVE THROUGH SPACE IN AIR CURRENTSSPACE IN AIR CURRENTS

2.2. MICROORGANISMS ARE MICROORGANISMS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE SURFACE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE SURFACE TO ANOTHER WHEN A NONSTERILE TO ANOTHER WHEN A NONSTERILE OBJECT TOUCHES OTHER OBJECTSOBJECT TOUCHES OTHER OBJECTS

3.3. MICROORGANISM MOVE FROM ONE MICROORGANISM MOVE FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER AS A RESULT OBJECT TO ANOTHER AS A RESULT OF GRAVITY WHEN A NON-STERILE OF GRAVITY WHEN A NON-STERILE ITEM IS HELD ABOVE ANOTHER ITEMITEM IS HELD ABOVE ANOTHER ITEM

4. MICROORGANISMS TRAVEL 4. MICROORGANISMS TRAVEL RAPIDLY ALONG ANY MOISTURE RAPIDLY ALONG ANY MOISTURE THROUGH A WICKING ACTIONTHROUGH A WICKING ACTION

5. MICROORGANISMS MOVE SLOWLY 5. MICROORGANISMS MOVE SLOWLY ALONG A DRY SURFACEALONG A DRY SURFACE

6. MICROORGANISMS ARE RELEASES 6. MICROORGANISMS ARE RELEASES THROUGH THE AIR ON DROPOLET THROUGH THE AIR ON DROPOLET NUCLEI WHENEVER A PERSON NUCLEI WHENEVER A PERSON BREATHES OR SPEAKSBREATHES OR SPEAKS

7. MICROORGANISMS ARE IN 7. MICROORGANISMS ARE IN CONSTANT MOTION IN A VARIETY CONSTANT MOTION IN A VARIETY OF WAYSOF WAYS

8. THE EDGE OF THE STERILE FIELD 8. THE EDGE OF THE STERILE FIELD IS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED IS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED BY MICROORGANISMS MOVING IN BY MICROORGANISMS MOVING IN FROM THE OUTSIDEFROM THE OUTSIDE

ALWAYS ALWAYS REMEMBER!!!REMEMBER!!!

WHEN IN DOUBT OF STERILITY DISCARD!!!

MA’AM MICHELLE ANNE