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Stepper Motor
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Introduction
A stepper motor (or step motor) is abrushless, synchronous electric motor
It can divide a full rotation into a large
number of steps The motor's position can be controlled
precisely, without any feedback
mechanism Stepper motors are similar to switched
reluctance motors
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Types of Stepper Motor
Permanent Magnet StepperThe permanent-magnet stepper motor operates onthe reaction between a permanent-magnet rotor andan electromagnetic field.
1. Rotor
2. stator
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Variable Reluctance
StepperThe variable-reluctance(VR) stepper motordiffers from the PMstepper in that it has no
permanent-magnet rotorand no residual torque tohold the rotor at oneposition when turned off.
Variable-reluctance stepper motorand switching sequence.
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MECHANISM OF STEPPERMOTOR
The top electromagnet (1) isturned on, attracting thenearest teeth of a gear-
shaped iron rotor. With theteeth aligned toelectromagnet 1, they willbe slightly offset from
electromagnet 2.
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MECHANISM OF STEPPERMOTOR
The top electromagnet (1)is turned off, and the right
electromagnet (2) isenergized, pulling thenearest teeth slightly to theright. This results in arotation of 3.6 in this
example.
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MECHANISM OF STEPPERMOTOR
The bottom electromagnet
(3) is energized; another3.6 rotation occurs.
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MECHANISM OF STEPPERMOTOR
The left electromagnet (4)is enabled, rotating againby 3.6. When the top
electromagnet (1) is againenabled, the teeth in thesprocket will have rotatedby one tooth position;
since there are 25 teeth, itwill take 100 steps to makea full rotation in thisexample.
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STEPPER MOTORAPPLICATION
Consumer Electronics - Stepper motors in cameras forautomatic digital camera focus and zoom functions
Automotive and Aircraft - Stepper motors help enable
cars, SUVs and RVs to receive telecommunicationsignals.
Office Equipment - Stepper motors are incorporatedinside PC based scanning equipment, data storage tape
drives, optical disk drive head driving mechanism,printers, bar-code printers, scanners
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Medical - Step motors used inside medical scanners,
multi-axis stepper motor microscopic or nanoscopicmotion control of automated devices, dispensing pumps,samplers, and chromatograph auto-injectors
Industrial machines - Stepper motors are used inautomotive gauges, machine tooling automatedproduction equipment (single/multi axis stepper motorcontrollers) and also in retrofit kits [stepper motorcontrollers and motors] for CNC machine control
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Scientific Instrumentation - Scientific EquipmentSpectrographs, observatory telescope positioning
Chemical - Mixing and sampling devices utilizing steppermotor controllers and single/multi axis stepper motorcontrolled environmental testing equipment
Security - new surveillance products for the securityindustry
Gaming industry - Stepper motors are used in the motorsthat power slot machines, wheel spinners and cardshufflers
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Thank you