Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Efficiency Perspectives: Intelligent Networks and The Challenge of Zero Energy Buildings Stephen Selkowitz Department Head, Building Technologies Department Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [email protected]510/486-5064 Connected Urban Development Global Conference 2008 Connected and Sustainable Energy
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Stephen Selkowitz - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Intelligent Networks & the Challenge of Zero Energy Buildings
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Energy Efficiency Perspectives:
Intelligent Networks andThe Challenge of
Zero Energy BuildingsStephen Selkowitz
Department Head, Building Technologies DepartmentLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Defining the Energy/Climate Change Problem:Defining the Energy/Climate Change Problem:5 Supply Perspectives and 1 Demand5 Supply Perspectives and 1 Demand
Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Nuclear
Biofuels
Wind power
Solar powerCarbon Storage
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
U.S. End-Use Energy Split
Building Energy Use:
39% total U.S. energy40% of carbon emissions71% electricity54% of natural gas
Fastest growth rate!
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
39% total U.S. energy71% electricity, 54% of natural gas
Building Energy Use
No “silver bullet” solutions: heating, cooling and lighting dominate but mustaddress complexity of end use splits, which vary by sector and climate
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
National Lighting Energy Consumption
Source: Navigant Consulting, Inc., U.S. Lighting Market Characterization, Volume I: National Lighting Inventory and, Energy ConsumptionEstimate, Final Report for US DOE, 2002
Lighting Energy Consumption by MajorLighting Energy Consumption by MajorSector and Light Source TypeSector and Light Source Type
Breakdown of Lighting EnergyBreakdown of Lighting Energy
Incandescent40%
Fluorescent38%
HID22%
LED (<.1%)
390 Billion kWh used for lighting in all390 Billion kWh used for lighting in allcommercial buildings in 2001commercial buildings in 2001
Commercial Building Lighting wastes energy becausedimming lighting controls are not widely used
Vacancy Detection or SchedulingAutomatic Dimming with DaylightTuning Strategies
Personal dimming controlsInstitutional requirements
Lumen MaintenanceDemand Response
All Lighting Should be:All Lighting Should be:•• DimmableDimmable•• AddressableAddressable•• (Affordable)(Affordable)
Major Lighting ControlMajor Lighting ControlStrategiesStrategies
Getting toGetting to ““Zero Net EnergyZero Net Energy”” oror ““CarbonCarbonNeutralNeutral”” BuildingsBuildings
• Deployment: (5 - 30% savings)— Identify what works and deploy it widely— Applies to all buildings: new and existing— Mandatory programs: codes and standards— Voluntary programs: incentives— e.g. Clinton Climate Initiative
• Demonstrate Emerging Solutions (20 - 60% savings)— Find Underutilized, unproven technologies and systems— R&D to improve, optimize; Make them mainstream— e.g. New York Times
• Breakthrough Innovations (50-80% savings plus on-siterenewable power)— New, more effective, high performance options— Lower costs, Lower risk
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
What Will it Take to Achieve 2030 Targets?
01
23
45
67
89
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
To
talE
ner
gy
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n(Q
uad
s=
101̂5
Btu
)
Existing Buildings Retrofit Buildings New Buildings
New Commercial Buildings Save 90% by 2030plus 50% Retrofit Savings by 2030
These levels ofefficiency are unlikely tobe achieved by marketforces alone;
Major new public/privateinitiatives to drivetoward goals