STEPAN COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 1 Industry Priority 1–Biodiesel Quality November, 2007.

STEPAN COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

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Industry Priority 1–Biodiesel Quality

November, 2007


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Questions to ask the Biodiesel Producer

Is the Producer BQ-9000 certified?

What feedstock is the biodiesel made from?

Can I see the last couple C of A’s?

Does the biodiesel meet ASTM D-6751-07B?

How is the product being stored?

Get samples. Tour Production facility.


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Agenda-Common Industry Quality Concerns

Feedstock IssuesEach oil has different properties

High TG/Fall outMost common filter plugging issue

Sterol Glucosidespalm and soy based

Solvent PropertiesHoses, gaskets, o-rings

Winter Storage Also plays a significant role


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Raw Materials (Oil)

Soybean – Sterol glucosides– Tocopherol– 32F Cloud point

Tallow / Choice White– High cetane – No antioxidants– Higher cloud point

Poultry– Better CP than tallow– Sulfur concern

Palm– High saturates– High cetane– OSI stable

Recycled– Mixed feedstock– Must treat fatty acid

Rapeseed (Canola)– Lower C18-3 content– Better oxidation stab.– Not widely available in

US


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Industry Quality Concerns

High Total Glyceride– Saturate monoglycerides in high concentrations

can be problematic– Can settle out and may not go back into solution– Requires heat to homogenize

Sterol Glucosides– Palm and soy based biodiesel– Will not go back into solution – Best dealt with during biodiesel production


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Industry Quality Concerns (cont.)

Fatty Acid– Can come from producer, or from improper handling – Can indicate aged fuel

Oxidative Stability – Long term storage with oxygen causes instability– The stability of the product will only decrease with

time– Treat with additives to stabilize


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Water Issues

Can come from biodiesel production or from storage/handling

Current requirement is 500ppm water & sediment

ASTM to include a direct measure of water in 2008


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Operational IssuesGood Solvent Biodiesel cleans out the sludge

– Filters can clog on initial use, especially with B20 and higher

– Mechanics report that fuel system repairs are a cleaner job after switching to biodiesel

– Residue can also be pulled off inner tank walls


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Biodiesel Storage Tank Venting

– Ideally water traps to reduce water from humidity

– At least keep it from raining into the tank » Goose neck

Filtration – Filter material exiting the B100 tank. – Good check against fallout in the tank – If possible, filter biodiesel as it unloads

» Check on workmanship Periodic Tank Maintenance

– Regular checks for water– Regular sump sample review

» Check for flocculent or water


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Biodiesel Storage (cont.) Cold Weather Storage

– Uninsulated/Above Ground – Store with 50% #1 Diesel and Utilize Cold Flow Additive

» Not recommended» Kerosene expensive

– Underground Storage – Should be Sufficient to Keep Product 10°F Above Cloud Point.

» Utilize cold flow additive» Cold blending assistance available at the NBB.ORG

– Above Ground/Heated & Insulated – Typical Storage Temperature is 70°F.

» Utilize cold flow additive– Inside Storage - > 50°F

» Utilize cold flow additive Tank Heating

– Tempered glycol best – Low pressure steam acceptable

» Recirculation of agitation suggested to avoid hot spots.


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Filter Plugging


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Filter Plugging

Sterol Glucosides and Glycerin


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Cold Soak Method – Performance Standard

Biodiesel heated to 100F to remove any temperature memory effects

Biodiesel cooled (cold soak) at 40F for 16 hours Biodiesel allowed to return to room

temperature (under 2 hours) Filtered through a 0.6 micron glass fiber filter

– Under 200 seconds – fit for winter purpose – Under 360 seconds – fit for summer purpose

Winter grade for use with diesel - CP of < -12C Summer grade for use with diesel – CP > 12C


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Questions?

STEPAN COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 1 Industry Priority 1–Biodiesel Quality November, 2007.

Documents

stepan company confidential

biodiesel storage

biodiesel production

water slide

filter biodiesel

biodiesel quality

biodiesel producer

c slide