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LITERATURES)PIPINGSTRESS
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Introduction:WheneverPressure Vessel orHeat
exchanger(StaticEquipments)nozzle loadsexceeds theallowable
valuesprovided byVendors(Equipmentmanufacturer) orstandard
projectspecific tables(guidelines), thepiping stressprofessional
ispermitted touseWRC107/297 (oranyotherFEA) tocheckthestressesat
theNozzle-Shell
junctionpointandcheckthestresseswithallowablevaluesprovidedbyCodes.Ifthestressesarefoundtobewithinallowable
limitthentheloadandmomentvaluescanbeacceptedwithoutanyhesitation.However
thereare someboundary
conditionswhichmustbemetbeforeusingWRC.Thissmallwriteupwilltrytoexplaintherequireddetails
forperformingWRC107andWRC297usingCaesar
IIandstepbystepmethodforperformingWRCcheck.BothWRC107andWRC297
dealwithlocalstressstatesinthevicinityofanattachmenttoavesselorpipe.As
indicatedby their titles,WRC-107canbeused forattachments
tobothspherical and cylindrical shells while WRC-297 only addresses
cylinder tocylinder connections.Whilebothbulletinsareused fornozzle
connection.WRC-107isbasedonun-penetratedshell,whileWRC-297assumesacircularopening
in vessel. Furthermore, WRC-107 defines values for solid andhollow
attachments of either round and rectangular shape for
sphericalshellsbutdrops thesolid/hollowdistinction forattachments
to cylindricalshells.WRC-297,ontheotherhand, is
intendedonlyforcylindricalnozzlesattachedtocylindricalshells.BoundaryconditionforusingWRC107:To
determine whether WRC 107 bulletin can be used for local
stresscheckingthefollowinggeometryguidelinesmustbemet:1.d/D50
(Here, T=Vessel Thickness, Dm=mean diameter
ofvessel)BoundaryconditionforusingWRC297:To determine whether WRC
107 bulletin can be used for local
stresscheckingthefollowinggeometryguidelinesmustbemet:1.d/D
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6/25/2015
StepbyStepMethodsforWRC107andWRC297CheckinginCaesarII
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1.d/D=20andd/t=20andD/T=55. Nozzlemust be isolated (it may not
be close to a discontinuity)
notwithin2(DT)onvesselandnotwithin2(dt)onnozzleDifferencebetweenWRC107and297:The
major differences other than the boundary conditions
mentionedabovearelistedbelow:1. WRC 107 calculates only the vessel
stresses while WRC 297
calculatesVesselstressesalongwithnozzlestresses.2.WRC297isapplicableonlyfornormally(perpendicular)intersectingtwocylindrical
shells whereasWRC 107 is applicable for cylindrical as well
assphericalshellsofanyintersection.3. The attachments for WRC 297
checking must be hollow but WRC 107analyzes cylindrical or
rectangular attachments which can be rigid
orhollow.4.WRC297isnotapplicablefornozzlesprotrudinginsidethevessel(Fig1),TangentialNozzle(Fig2),Nozzleatangle(Fig3).
(http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1sgGGRbXku4/UfN9eXjWy_I/AAAAAAAAAHA/MBByAskXWXQ/s1600/Untitled.png)
5. Typically,WRC-107 is used for local stress calculations
andWRC-297 isusedforflexibilitycalculations.LimitationsofWRC:Other
than boundary conditions mentioned above there are few
morelimitationsasmentionedbelow:1.Neitherbulletinconsidersshellreinforcementnordotheyaddressstressduetopressure.2.CAESAR
II ,PVElite&CodeCalcwillnotextrapolatedata fromthechartswhen
geometric limitationsmentioned above are exceeded.
Extrapolateddatamaynotbeappropriate.
(http://www.bidvertiser.com/bdv/BidVertiser/bdv_xml_feed.dbm)InputsrequiredforperformingWRCchecking:The
following documents must be ready with you before you start
toperformWRC107/297checking:1.EquipmentDetails/GeneralArrangementDrawing2.Nozzledetails3.LinelistStepbyStepmethodsforperformingWRC107/WRC297calculationinCaesarII:
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Step1:PerformStaticanalysisofthestresssystemandfindoutthenozzleloadsrequiredforcheckinglocalstresses.Step2:Enter
intotheWRCmodulefromCaesarII.Provideafilenameforyourjob
(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AN1nO4AM5tA/UfIbwPZsxGI/AAAAAAAAAFw/i5PgQHC3tfA/s1600/1.bmp)Step
3: Following screenwill appear. Enter theNozzledata
asmentionedbelow:
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e5g9YxguiB4/UfXteYKOCLI/AAAAAAAAAHg/JTYZJY7UWlw/s1600/untitled.bmp)
Step4:Nowenterthevesseldetailsi.e,diameter,wallthickness,corrosionallowanceandmaterial.
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allowanceandmaterial.
(http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LiewvySO_H4/UfXuhmC3ARI/AAAAAAAAAHw/he9qlLewsDA/s1600/untitled1.bmp)
Step5:InputvesselandNozzledirectioncosines,Internaldesignpressureand
load and moments values from Caesar static analysis
output(Sustained,Expansionandoccasionalasapplicable).
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(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K-jEEu3IxsE/UfXw7dl8tWI/AAAAAAAAAII/SmGMy1AZ3vc/s1600/untitled2.bmp)
Step6:Onoptionsitissuggestednottochangeanyparameter.Nowclickon
analysis to read the results. The outputwill inform
youwhetherWRCcheckingispassingorfailing.Useresultsasperyourrequirement.
(http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Eh0nGNb4LZY/UfXxyDSRhFI/AAAAAAAAAIU/LcG95nFcXV4/s1600/untitled3.bmp)
For entering loads and moments as per local convention
followingdescription and figure canbeused for convertingglobal
forces into localforces:
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StepbyStepMethodsforWRC107andWRC297CheckinginCaesarII
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CaesarII(http://www.whatispiping.com/category/caesar-ii)
code(http://www.whatispiping.com/category/code)
EngineeringTools
(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PjzH_dYX6j0/UfN_n7Qz1JI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/6LMunHIxlmg/s1600/Untitled.png)
Asshowninfig,StretchyourrighthandwithMiddlefingeralongtheVesselCenterline.
Index Finger should parallel to nozzle centerline and
shouldpointinadirectionfromnozzletowardsenteringvessel.AndThumbshouldbeperpendiculartoboth.Then1.DirectionofIndexFingerrepresents+P.2.DirectionofMiddleFingerrepresents+VL3.DirectionofThumbrepresents+VC4.MLwillbepositiveifbyapplyingrighthandthumbruletoML,directionofthumbissameasthatofVC.5.MCwillbepositiveifbyapplyingrighthandthumbruletoMC,directionofthumbisoppositetodirectionofVL.6.MTwillbepositiveifbyapplyingrighthandthumbruletoMT,directionofthumb
is opposite to direction of P.Get the loads and moments
fromCAESARoutput.Compare thedirectionofForcesandMoments
inCAESARoutput with conventional Force and Moment directions and
enter thevaluesofP,VL,VC,MT,MCandMLaccordingly.
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II(http://www.whatispiping.com/seismic)3.
StressAnalysisofVerticalReboilerPipingusingCaesarII:Part3
of3(http://www.whatispiping.com/vertical-reboiler-piping)4.
StepbyStepMethodofFatigueAnalysisofaPipingSystemUsing
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5.
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6.
MusthaveLoadcasesforstressanalysisofatypicalpipingsystemusingCaesarII(http://www.whatispiping.com/load-cases)
7.
10pointstokeepinmindwhileusingprojectspecificpressurevesselnozzleloadtablesduringstressanalysis.(http://www.whatispiping.com/pressure-vessel-nozzle-load)