STEP 2.docx

STEP 21. What is hemostasis?Hemostasis is the cessation of bleeding after vascular injury. Hemostasis depends on the interaction between the blood vessel wall, platelets, and coagulation factors.Mehta, Atul & Hoffbrand, Victor. At Glance Hematologi 2nd Edition. 2008. EMS : Jakarta.Hemostasis (haima: Blood + static: stop) is a process for maintaining the blood that remains in the blood vessels are damaged.Silvertoon, Human Physiology

2. How is the process of hemostasis?

3. What kind of hemostasis disorder?hemostasis disorders (abnormal bleeding) may be caused by the following ways:1. vascular abnormalitiesVascular disorders are a heterogeneous group of state, which is characterized by easy bruising and spontaneous bleeding from small blood poembuluh. Underlying abnormality lies in the blood vessel itself or in the perivascular connective tissue. In these circumstances, normal successful test standard filter. The period of normal bleeding, other hemostasis test also normal. Vascular abnormalities, there are two types of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia hereditary form, and connective tissue disorders. Another kind is the vascular defect.2. ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count less dari100.000 / mm3. Usually characterized by spontaneous skin purpura, mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding after trauma. Some causes of thrombocytopenia include:(1) The failure of platelet production .This is a common cause of thrombocytopenia which is usually also part of a generalized bone marrow failure. Megakarisit selective suppression can be caused by drug toxicity or viral infection.(2) Increased destruction of platelets, It is divided into several types namely:a.Trombositopenia immune, including ITP, due to infection, post-transfusion purpura, immune thrombocytopenia due to drug-induced,b.Purpura trombositopeniatrombotikDisseminated intravascular c.Koagulasi,(3) Distribution trombositabnormal,(4) Loss due to dilution, in the form of massive blood transfusions in patients with bleeding store.3. Coagulation Disorders Can Be as hereditary or acquired, which generally interfere with coagulation factors.a.Herediter: hemophilia A and hemophilia Bb.Obtained: vitamin K deficiency and liver disease4. Impaired platelet functionDivided into two types, namely:a.Didapat1) because the anti-platelet drugs such as aspirin,2) .hiperglobulinemia,3) .kelainan myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic, and4) UremiaHereditary b.Kelainan1) Trombastenia,2) Sinsrom Bernard Soulier,3) Retention DiseaseImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (PTI)A bleeding disease that is obtained as a result of the destruction of platelets superfluous, which is characterized by: thrombocytopenia (platelet count