Stemming Aflatoxin pre- and post-harvest waste in the groundnut value chain (GnVC) in Malawi and Zambia to improve food and nutrition security in the smallholder farming families.
Stemming Aflatoxin pre- and post-harvest
waste in the groundnut value chain (GnVC)
in Malawi and Zambia
to improve food and nutrition security in
the smallholder farming families.
pag. 2
Acute
Microbiological
Phycotoxins
Some phytotoxins
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Pesticide residues
Food additives
High
Low
Kuiper-Goodman,1998 pag. 3
Rating health risks from foods - acute
High
Low
Chronic
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Some phytotoxins
Unbalanced diet
Phycotoxins
Food additives
Pesticide residues
Microbiological
Kuiper-Goodman,1998 pag. 4
Rating health risks from foods - chronic
Acute
Microbiological
Phycotoxins
Some phytotoxins
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Pesticide residues
Food additives
High
Low
Chronic
Mycotoxins
Anthropogenic contaminants
Some phytotoxins
Unbalanced diet
Phycotoxins
Food additives
Pesticide residues
Microbiological
Kuiper - Goodman, 1998 pag. 5
Mycotoxins: important food contaminants
Fusaríum sp.
Aspergillus sp.
Penicillium sp.
Alternaria sp.
Claviceps sp.
• secondary fungal metabolites
• biological function: “weapons” against hosts and competitors
• > 400 mycotoxins are known today
• Cause an array of health effects
pag. 6
Mycotoxins: important food contaminants
Environment (Temp., humidity/moisture, insect damage…)
Host (almost any kind of food) Fungi
Contamination
pag. 8
Mycotoxins: biosynthesis
Change in temperature due to climate change according to
the IPCC (2007) report.
Developed world sub-Saharan Africa
pag. 10
Control possible?
Poor handling practices
pag. 12
Do we have the luxury to throw away?
Export - OK
SURVEY [n = 140, various food commodities - HPLC-FLD (Malawi)]
EU legislation
Consumed locally
Matumba et al 2015. Food Control,51, 236-239.
Import- OK
ag. 13
Impact of regulations on local consumers
High
Low
pag. 14
CRF GRANT
Stemming Aflatoxin pre- and post-harvest
waste in the groundnut value chain (GnVC)
in Malawi and Zambia
to improve food and nutrition security in
the smallholder farming families.
OUR INTERVENTION
1) To assess, validate and further develop promising pre and post harvest technologies
2) Document and disseminate successfully tested practices
3) To advocate for conducive national and regional policies and regulatory frameworks for stemming Aflatoxin
1) Evaluation of the effect of residue incorporation on pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination 2) Evaluation of effect of number of rows per ridge 3) Evaluation of effect of tie/box ridging and of number of rows per ridge season 4)Evaluation of Mandela cork 5)Evaluation of kennel sizing and Hand sorting on partitioning aflatoxin into various shelled groundnut grade sizes
Research
Single vs twin row
Farmer practice Twin vs Single row
Residual Incoperation!
• By hand
• Not deep
• What's the effect?
Moulds in the field!
The Mandela cork story
EFFECTIVE HAND SORTING: REDUCING AFLATOXINS
Financially supported by the European Union through a PEAPARD Project ‘Stemming Aflatoxin pre- and post-harvest waste in the groundnut value chain (GnVC)’
Greatest lesson
• A farmer is smart researcher: Conventional researcher should support the farmer initiative