STEM

Who Found a GPS in ourBrain?

Who Started Color Television?

ღეროვანი (Stem)

January 2015

(This is Thomas Alva Edison.)

1847By Jason Lopez

n the day of OFebruary 11, 1847 a boy named

Thomas Alva Edison was born in

Milan Ohio. Thomas’s family

moved soon after his

arrival to Michigan.

Thomas was the

youngest out of seven

siblings.

Later on in life

when Thomas was

about six years old got

a job as a train boy on

the Grand Trunk

Railroad that ran

through Port Huron

and Detroit. Thomas

mostly sold

newspapers and

candy to the kids

nearby, and set up his very first

chemistry lab and a printing

press on the train. At a young

age Thomas Edison read

scientific and technical books,

and also at the time had the

opportunity to learn how to

operate a telegraph. By the

time Edison was sixteen he had

the capability of becoming a full

time telegrapher.The telegraph

was one of the biggest steps of

communication. The art of

telegraphing rapidly expanded

in the second half of the 19th

century. This

growth gave

Thomas the chance

to explore the

country more.

Thomas Edison

worked in a

number of

different

city’s/states in the

United States, be

for he moved to

Boston in 1868.

When Edison

arrived in Boston

he changes his

profession from telegrapher to

inventor. Thomas got his first

This is a invention that

thomas edison made

patent on an electrical vote

recorder. This was to help

record votes. This object was a

commercial failure. Thomas

Edison moved to New York in

1869. Thomas Edison continued

working on invitations related to

the telegraph, and then he

developed his first successful

invention, the invention was a

new and improved stock ticker

that was called the “Universal

Stock Printer”. For this

inventions and other related

inventions, Thomas was paid

$40,000. This gave Edison the

money to set up his own

laboratory in Newark, New

Jersey in 1871.

For the next five years

Thomas Edison spent his time in

Newark, inventing

And manufacturing objects that

greatly improved the speed and

efficiency of the telegraph.

Somewhere along the line

Thomas find the to get married

to love his life, Mary Stilwell and

then not that far off starts a

family.

In the year of 1876 Thomas

Edison sold his laboratory in

Newark, then moved his family

and the assistants that worked

in the lab to a small town that

was 25 miles southwest of New

York City. The town name was

Menlo Park. Thomas started a

new laboratory with all the

essentials to create any

invention that you could

imagine. This laboratory was the

first of is kind. In this lab

Thomas

Edison made history and

changed the world!

The foil phonograph was the

first invention that Thomas

Edison made at his new lab. This

invention could record and

reproduce sound, this invention

was the first of its kind not to

mention that this invention

made him famous all around the

world. Later that year Edison

toured the world talking at big

conferences about his new

invention, and was invited to

the white house by the

president Rutherford B. Hayes.

Thomas tock on one of the

biggest challenges his life by

trying to invent electric light.

This idea had been tried before

but others were not able to take

on the challenge of the

lightbulb.

Thomas Edison tock this

challenge on and won it,

Thomas was the first one ever

to invent electrical light. Thomas

Edison invented many more

inventions and lived in many

more cities after Menlo Park.

During the last two years of his

life was his life his health

worsened, Thomas Edison spent

less time at his laborites.

Thomas tock time to go down to

his family vacation home in Fort

Myers Florida, the vacation trips

became longer and longer each

time. Then one day in Glenmont

VA, Thomas Edison collapsed.

Form that moment on his life

went down in a downward

spiral. Edison steadily declined

until 3:21am on October 18,

1931. One of the greatest men

alive, leaving behind his great

legacy and his wife Mary Stilwell

and his kid

Henry Ford

Car Fanatic of America By Braydon Summerstone

No he did not build the first car

or the first assembly line, but refashioned

the world of transportation for what it is

today. Henry Ford was one of the most

famous people alive. He

built a better, more

powerful automobile

mainly so more people

can get around easier.

He built many cars, all in

which were very

successful in the

automobile world. Henry

Ford was a very

successful man with lots

of awards, honors, and certifications in his

lifetime and is one of the most important

people in the world of transportation.

Henry Ford is an engineer. Ford was born in

Greenfield Township, Michigan on July 30,

1863. He tragically passed away in Fair

Lane, Dearborn, Michigan on April 7, 1947.

During his childhood, Ford grew up on a

farm in Michigan. Ford later took over the

farm from his father, William Ford, When

Henrys mother, Mary Lighut Ford, passed

away. Henry married Clara Bryant. Clara

gave birth to Edsel Ford. Later, Edsel got

married to Eanor Clay. Ford went to the

Scotch Settlement School during his

elementary school years. For Fords college

years, he went to the Detroit Business

Institute. Henry Ford was given lots of

awards, honors, and certifications

throughout his life. In 1928, Henry was

awarded the Franklin Institutes Elliot

Cresson medal. In 1938, he was awarded

the Grand Cross of the German Eagle. Henry

Ford was one of the most famous engineers

alive. Henry Ford built one of the first

automobiles on the road.

He was owner of the

most successful car

companies, Ford Motor

Company. He was owner

and creator of the Model

T, and the production of

several other

automobiles. Fords most

successful build was the

Model T which was the car that changed

America. The first Model T was produced in

1909. By 1910, Ford’s Highland Park

Assembly Plant was the new place for the

production of cars. This was where Ford

made the moving assembly line in 1913.

The moving assembly line reduced chassis

build from 14 hours per car to 1.5 hours per

car. During 1914 to 1925 the Model T was

only available in the color black. The two

millionth Model T rolled off the assembly

line on June 14th in 1917. This was a huge

success for Ford Motor Company. Later in

1919, Ford was able to produce something

called an electric starter so people no

longer had to crank start their cars. The

Ford rolled the 5 millionth Model T on May

28th which was another great success for

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the Ford Motor Company in 1921. Ford

made millions and millions of cars for the

people in his time. Ford made a pickup body

called the Runabout in 1925. This was the

first car with a bed made in history. After 19

years of production and 15 million cars

make, the Ford Motor Company went out

of business on May 256th in 1927. Later in

1999 on December 18th, Fords Model T was

named “Car of the Century.” The people

who named this was a panel of 133

automotive journalists and experts. In 2003,

43 vintage Model T’s made their way across

America just to participate a 100th

anniversary celebration of the Ford Motor

Company. Henry Ford was a very successful

and important man who changed the world

of transportation and people throughout

the world. Henry had lots of confidence and

pride in his work, determination, and the

willingness to do his best.

The King of Chemistry and

Physics

By: Jimmy Smith

My teacher asked, have you ever

wondered why Chemistry and Physics is such

a big deal? No I answered anxious to know

why. “1 special person” she said “that’s all it

took to make this such a big deal”. I

wondered who this person may be. What

did he do? How did he make chemistry and

physics such a big deal?

My teacher asked

another question. “Who

invented the electric

motor?” “It was the same

person. This person was

Michael Faraday the king

of chemistry and physics.

Michael Faraday

was born on September

22, 1791 in Newington

Butts, England. He was

born into a poor family

but still had time to go to

school and get an

education. His father

was a blacksmith with

not a very good education. Michael’s father

had a huge impact on his education. His dad

wanted him to be better them him, get an

education and get a better job than him.

However because his family was so poor he

got multiple jobs to help support his family.

When Michael was 5 years old he and

his family moved so his father could look for

a new job. They moved to Jacob Well’s

Mews in London. This is where Michael

studied physics and chemistry at the Royal

Institution of Great Britain.

Because Michael’s father encouraged

Michael to get a good

education that’s what led

him to study physics and

chemistry in London. He

contributed to the fields of

electromagnetism and

electrochemistry. At the

institution his main

discoveries included those

of the electromagnetic

induction, diamagnetism,

and electrolysis. Also at the

institution of Great Britain

he began his invention of

the electric motor. He

began his education by

becoming an apprentice of

William Thomas Brande. These two men

helped him in the magnetic field where he

established the concept of the

electromagnetic field of physics.

His number one discovery included

the electromagnetic induction,

Michael Faraday in his youth

diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis

rotary devices which formed the foundation

of electric motor technology. This was

largely due to his efforts that electricity

became practical for the use in technology.

Because of these discoveries he received

many rewards, Royal Medal in 1835 & 1846,

Copley Medal in 1832 & 1838, Rumford

Medal in 1846, and the Albert Medal in

1866.

When Michael went to the royal

institution in 1812 he received his lectures

about chemistry by a man named Humphry

Davy and another man named John Tatum,

founder of the City of the Philosophical. He

would write books and send them to Davy

so he could know what they were doing.

In 1813-1815 Davy sent out to go

through the continent and show the

continent his scientific discoveries. Michael

came with him, acting as his valet. Michael

was treated very poorly by Davy’s wife.

When Faraday returned he married

to Sarah Barnard on June 12, 1821. These

two met through religion but had no

children.

Later in his life Michael was granted a

doctor of Civil Law degree by the University

of Oxford. Even later in his life he received a

knighthood in recognition for his services to

science. He turned this down based to

religious practices. He thought that it was

against the word of the bible to receive

riches.

Michael Faraday helped shape are

society into what it is today. Without him

we wouldn’t be able to have transportation

that involves electric motors. Also we

wouldn’t be able to gain the confidence that

we can achieve everything. Without

Michael we wouldn’t be able to study

science like we can today. Without Michael

are society wouldn’t not be the same. This

is what makes Michael an important figure

in this society.

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BY Samantha Phoenix

The father of mineralogy the man who changed geology for life. The one who made it further fore. He took geology to a new level, what was then is now. We can all thank Agricola for this accomplishment.

But he did not just get this accomplishment by sitting in his basement he worked and taught himself to become what he is. It began when he started having an interest for mining and geology. He began studying at Leipzig University. He got his degree in doctor but he was really interactive and spending most attention to geology and mining. He moved to Chemnitz in 1536 and worked at a mining industry. He began and continued his geology studies there. Agricola began to be know because of the book he wrote ‘On the nature of metals’. It was also the first book about that subject and the way it was written. His other book ‘De Natura Fossil’ made him well known for his appearance to. His first book described the ways and the steps to becoming and new miner and a geologist and soon

enough he became one himself. Not only did he contribute to rocks and minerals he contributed to geology, metallurgy, mineralogy, structurealogy, and paleontology. His other book represented the classification of minerals. It showed how to classify, create color, define, texture and many more. His book represented a major advance over all the books that

where about rocks and minerals and how it showed to classify them. What made this so great is he made both of these books as an

advantage to help. He did not just show

Agricola’s greatest accomplishments

‘De Re Metallica and ‘De Natura

Fossilium

Agricola’s greatest

accomplishments

what to do he explained the steps and that is why his book is so well known and written in several different languages but mainly in Latin, because of where he is from and location.

Agricola was also known for his amazing theories and what he had proven to the ways of geology and mineralogy. Agricola’s succsess was not only in his works he was happily married and had seceral children. Even though we do not know who his decendents are we have only yet to know hiw brother and father

After he had got done writing his books he began to spend his free time working and mining.

He began to work on his passion. Later on his book

publications had been

delayed to 1553, because of the requriements and the way it was layed out and the ways it was going to be printed. Not because of how late he made it, but because of the ways it was structured. He began beginning the ways of life he wanted to live. He was on

the path of geology and minging. He tought skills and made personal books, and prints. The father of mineralogy began to merry. He had several wives and children. By the time he was merried he had a lot on his hands. By this time he had become the proudful leader of the mining company. He had a lot on his hands. Now I know it dosent sound like a big deal but if you where in his shoes and in his time and you made that big accomplishment it was historical.

Agricola had a great life and after he decented in (1555) his books had been published and had been used to help for many sorts of reasons. That is why Agricola is most and best know for his books and his ways of thoughts. Think about how Agricola has made an accomplishment and what he has done to help the earth. That is why Agricola got the name the father of mineralogy. Not because he did a report or because he finished his homework its because he came up with ways to write the books to give us the skills we have ne

eded.

The Brilliant Survivor

Luke Jackson

On the date of January 8, 1942

a brilliant man was born. He was born

in Oxford, England during the time of

world war ll. He has a sister and an

adopted brother. He and his family

ate dinner in silence, and their car

was a beat up old London taxi. This

man was named Stephen Hawking.

At the age of 21, he was

diagnosed with a

disease that is

known as ALS

disease or Lu

Gehrig’s disease.

This disease makes

your muscles

weaker and smaller

without

nourishment. The

doctors only gave

him two and a half

more years to live.

Then came the

miracle, Stephen

did not die, but with the disease

came some side affects that changed

Stephens life forever. As his disease

began to grow deeper in Stephen’s

body, his body began to depend on

crutches and then on to a wheel

chair. Stephen now can no longer

talk so he is using a computerized

voice system.

Stephen Hawking went to the

University of Oxford, his dad’s old

school. Although

his dad wanted

Stephen to study

medicine, Stephen

wanted to study

mathematics.

Mathematics was

not available there

so he went into

physics. He then

moved to the

University of

Cambridge to study

cosmology because

there was no one

working in that area at Oxford at the

time. After earning his Ph.D. he

became a Research Fellow and then

became a Professional Fellow at

Gonville and Caius College. He is the

former Lucasian professor at the

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university of Cambridge. Leaving

astronomy in 1973, Stephen went to

the department of mathematics and

theoretical physics in 1979.

Stephen Hawking is most

known for discovering something that

changed the scientific theory of black

holes for ever. Stephen discovered

that black holes

could radiate

and eventually

evaporate and

disappear. He

made the

impression that

the universe has

no ending. That

would mean

that the making

of the universe

was defined by

the laws of

science.

Stephen Hawking has twelve

degrees and many awards. Some of

his honorable awards are, the Albert

Einstein award, Hughes medal,

Edington medal, and his most recent

one is the Presidential Medal of

Freedom along with many more.

Stephen’s first marriage was

with Jane Wilde. They had a son on

May of 1967. He then had a daughter

in the year of 1970 along with

another child that came along on the

April of 1979. He was married to her

from 1965-1995. He then married a

woman named Elaine Mason from

1995-2006. He has a total of three

children and three grandchildren.

Ste

phen Hawking is

the author of

the memoir

book called

“Stephen

Hawking, My

Brief History”.

Stephen is still

continuing to

learn and teach

his knowledge of

black holes and

his brilliant

discovery of radiation in black holes.

Stephen still hopes today that he can

one day go up into space.

That is why this man,

Stephen Hawking, is a brilliant

survivor.

Stephen Hawking in front of Cambridge University.

THE GREAT By: Lui Sendou

Have you ever wonder how the universe

operate, mathematic is something that

this person figure out by himself, he

start off not knowing anything into a

person that discover

how the universe

operate along with

gravity. That is not all

back then there was a

telescope but this

person created a kind

of telescope that use

reflect mirror for his

telescope. He is the

Great one with the

name Isaac Newton.

Newton was born on January 4, 1643

three month after his father die, “his

mom remarried when Newton is three

year old and she married to Reverend

Barnabas Smith, he live with his

maternal grandma after everything has

happened to me. “The young Isaac

disliked his stepfather and

Maintained some enmity towards his

mother for marrying him”. From the age

of twelve to seventeen Newton was

educated at The King's School,

Grantham which taught him Latin but no

mathematics. In 1699 other member of

Royal

Society accuse Leibniz of plagiarism. The

dispute then broke out in

full force in

1711 when the Royal

Society proclaimed in a

study that it was Newton

who was the true

discoverer and labelled

Leibniz a fraud. This

study was cast into

doubt when it was alter

that Newton himself

wrote the study’s

concluding remarks on Leibniz. Thus

began the bitter controversy which

marred the loves of both Newton and

Leibniz until he latter’s death in 1716. In

1666, Newton observed that spectrum

of colors exiting a prism in the position

of minimum deviation is oblong, even

when the light ray entering the prism is

circular, which is to say, the prism

refracts different colors by different

angles. This led him to conclude that

color is a property intrinsic to light—a

point which had been debated in prior

years. From 1670 to 1672, Newton

Isaac Newton in his youth

Isaac Newton in his youth

lectured on optics. During this period he

investigated -

the refraction of light, demonstrating

that the multicolored spectrum

produced by a prism could be

recomposed into white light by

a lens and a second prism. Modern

scholarship has revealed that Newton's

analysis and resynthesize of white light

owes a debt to corpuscular alchemy. In

1679, Newton returned to his work on

mechanic considering gravitation and its

effects on the orbit of planets with

reference to Kepler law of planetary

motion. The Principia was published on

5 July 1687 with encouragement and

financial help from Edmond Halley.

Newton stated the three universal law

of motion. These laws describe the

relationship of any object and force

acting upon it and the resulting motion.

He work hard to find out thing that even

other scientist can’t find out, working on

other thing help him become a better

scientist, Albert Einstein said “ he is the

greatest” because of that he become a

better scientist every day. He was one of

the greatest scientist. Sadly, he die on

March 31, 1727 because of natural

causes.

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Mr. Clean… Invention… a scientist. Not all scientists only study stuff there are scientists out there that invent stuff too! One of them is the amazing WILLIS WHITFIELD! He invented the clean room in 1962. Willis was born on December 6, 1919 in Rosedale, Oklahoma. He was 92 when he died. The date when he died was November 12, 2012. He graduated high school in 1937. He went to college at Brantley-Draughon College in Ft. Worth, and he received a B.S. in Physics and Math in 1952. The invention was patented in 1964. He began working at Sandia Labs in 1954, and retired in 1984. His nickname was “Mr. Clean.” His famous quote was “I thought about dust particles. Where are these rascals generated? Where do they go?”

Whitfield, the son of Texas cotton farmers, became a

physicist. Shortly after the laminar-flow cleanroom invention’s 50th anniversary, he died. With very few modifications, his invention is still the

standard. Whitfield is among 15 inventors being inducted this year into the Alexandria, Va. National Inventors Hall of Fame. Hiswork will be honored at a Washington, D.C.-area celebration in May. “The technological solution that Willis Whitfield designed for the laminar-airflow clean room is illustrative of the long tradition of innovative research at Sandia National Laboratories. Willis’s invention has stood the test of time, making the modern

microelectronics industry possible,” acting Sandia Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Julia Phillips said. “It’s that same type of

ground-breaking interdisciplinary

research that advances the frontiers of science and engineering and enables our national security mission at Sandia.”

When Whitfield announced the invention in 1962, researchers and industrialists didn’t believe it, but in a few years, $50 billion worth of laminar-flow cleanrooms were built worldwide and Whitfield had been named “Mr. Clean”. Belva Whitfield said her late husband was always modest about his invention and the credit he received didn’t change the unassuming scientist. “This honor means a great deal to me,” she said. “It is hard to say how proud I am

Willis Whitfield

because I don’t think words enough to express my feelings are.” In 1959, nuclear weapons components. “Mainly mechanical switching parts, were becoming smaller and microscopic dust particles were preventing Sandia from achieving the quality needed, Sandia historian” Rebecca Ullrich said.

The practice at the time was too tightly seal cleanrooms, wear protective clothing and vacuum often, but still contaminants entered the room and particles interfered with the precise work. Whitfield’s solution was to constantly flush out or “sweep” a room with highly filtered air. In an initial model, Whitfield designed a

workbench along one wall. Clean air entered the room from a bank of filters that were 99.97 percent efficient in removing particles

larger than 0.3 microns. For example, cigarette smoke blown in one side comes out the other as clean air. The resulting linear speed of the air is slightly more than 1 mph, which is about the same as that felt

walking through a still room. In a later modification, the air was passed down over the work area instead of across, letting

gravity help carry troublesome

particles into the floor, which was covered with grating. Filters underneath clean the air and it is circulated back around to re-enter the room. That is why I chose this

important scientist for my project. I chose him because my

dad helped me find a scientist to write about, and this is what I chose because my dad works there as an engineer. I am glad my dad helped me find Willis because I think the he is interesting.

Clean Room

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This is Maria when she was a little

younger and she is the intelligent

woman who created the nuclear shell

model of the atomic nucleus.

By, Natalia Baca

She was the type of girl who liked to be

outside and being around her family. She really liked

doing science and caring about school. The whole time

she knew she wanted to do

something big. Maria Mayer

was a theoretical physicist and,

Nobel laureate in physics for

proposing the nuclear shell

model of the atomic nucleus.

Maria Mayer was born June 28th

in 1906 she lived in Kattowitz,

Germany. She grew older and

went to school she loved school

and loved learning new things.

She was very thankful for being

able to go to the university,

because most girls don’t have

that chance.

In 1924 she got enrolled to the

University of Gottingen. She had

the intention of becoming a

mathematician. Then she had

realized she was a physics person. She then became a

physics. The thing that had made her so famous was is,

her being a proposing Nobel laureate in physics for

proposing the Nuclear shell model of the atomic

nucleus. She had gotten the award of the Nobel laureate

in physics is in 1963. During 1960, Goeppert-Mayer

was appointed to a position as a professor of physics at

the University of California at

San Diego. During her

husband’s time at the University

of Chicago Goeppert-Mayer

volunteered to become an

associate professor of physics at

the school.

Within a few months

of her arrival when the nearby

Argonne national laboratory

was founded on July 1, 1946,

Goeppert-Mayer was offered a

part-time job there’s a senior

physics in the theoretical

physics division. This was the

first time in her career that’s he

was working and paid at a level

commensurate with her training

and expertise. Two years later

she made the breakthrough that earned her tremendous

fame and respect in her field.

It was during her time at Chicago and

Argonne that she developed a mathematical model for

the structure of nuclear shell. With Edward teller she

conducted inquiries about the resource of the elements,

and noticed the repetition of seven. She was an

absolute amazing scientists because of the things she

did like this. She is intelligent because she liked school

and most kids when they are young don’t want to go to

school and they expect to get older and get a perfect

job and get a lot of money. She actually wanted to go to

school every day and always wanted to graduate and

she did, she graduated and went to college and she

didn’t complain because she wanted to be there and she

liked it. She went to school for one thing and she

thought it didn’t fit her so she didn’t complain and just

quit she went to do the thing she wanted. She did

something big.

This is the model that Maria Mayer made that

won her a Nobel Prize in physics.

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Bianca Bryant

Close your eyes. Now imagine the

room you are in. Can you place where

everything is? You can do it cant you. Now I

want you to explain why you know this.

Nothing. That’s what I thought. You can

map a room but you don’t know why! Well,

thanks to John O’Keefe, now we can explain

the inexplicable.

It all started on a cold November

day. Born on November 18, 1939 in New

York City O’Keefe was the son of recent Irish

immigrants. He spent most of his early days

in New York. O’Keefe graduated from Regis

High School in 1957. He

then received a bachelor

from the city college of

New York, and a

doctorate from McGill

University under mentor

Ronald Melzak. Shortly

after receiving this

degree, O’Keefe began

his work at the US

National Institute for

Mental Health. It was a

perfect precursor to all

of the Hippocampal

research that O’Keefe

would do later in his

career. It also gave him

a great platform for

cranial cell discovery.

Little did he know that his education and

experience coupled with his tenacity would

catapult him straight to great things?

About that, his place cell discovery

is by far the highlight of his career. Did you

know that anytime a mammal is in a specific

place in a room, they have a specific set of

nerve cells that will signal in the

hippocampus? When they move to a

different part of the room, a different set

will signal, therefore create a map of the

room. This discovery was made by O’Keefe

in 1971. It was the first discovery of its kind!

After his discovery, John

O’Keefe said the following.

“The discovery of the

brain’s positioning system

represents a paradigm shift

in our understanding of how

ensembles of specialized

cells work together to

execute higher cognitive

functions. It has opened

new avenues for

understanding other

cognitive processes, such as

memory, thinking and

planning.” In other words

his discovery has led us to

broader knowledge of the

brain and its immense

powers. Not only did

Brains are a maze that John

O’Keefe helped us find our way

out of.

O’Keefe discover these place cells, he is a

very accomplished neuroscientist and

professor. He teaches at the University

College in London, England. He teaches

cognitive neuroscience in the department

of cell and developmental biology. What

privileged students to have a Nobel Prize

winner as a professor!

During the year of 2014, O’Keefe

won the Nobel Prize for Physiology and

medicine. The Moser power couple May-

Britt and Edvard had discovered the rest of

the place cell system. They made this

discovery in 2005. These three amazing

individuals all share this award. Therefore,

as the Mosers are a team, John O’Keefe

owns half of the 2014 Nobel Prize for

physiology and medicine. Along with his

Nobel Prize, O’Keefe has won other awards

throughout his long career. In 2006, he won

the Grawemeyer award. This is a prestigious

award granted by the University of

Louisville to five individuals annually. He

shared this one In Psychology and science

with Lynn Nadel. He also received the

Gruber prize in 2008. It was for the field of

neuroscience. He did not share this one. It

was for his discovery place cells, just like his

two other awards.

In conclusion, over the years,

O’Keefe has won some major awards, and

discovered a mental GPS! Without his

research and revelation we may not know

half of what we do today. All in all, John

O’Keefe is a very accomplished

neuroscientist and perfectly fits the title

STEM Celebrity.

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Amazing Mae Jemison

Amazing Mae Jemison.

Working UP

By: Suzanne Lopez

Most of people who get attention are

the people who are in the movies or on

television. How did people get to where

we are today? People discover new

things and make new accomplishments.

This is like Mae Carol Jemison. She

wanted to explore space, see new

things and become even more educated

than she already is. So she became a

successful physicist and astronaut.

Mae Jemison was born in

Alabama when she was three she moved

Chicago, Illinois. She was born October 17,

1956. Mae was a very dedicated and hard

working girl when she had to go to school.

When she was in school she was educated

by Stanford University, Morgan Park High

School, and Cornell University Medical

College. After she finished school all of her

hard work paid off. She became one of the

most successful physicists and was the first

African American to go to outer space. On

the same note of school she graduated with

honors. She was always included in

extracurricular activities. After she finished

all of her education and experience she

needed she applied at NASA and went into

training for outer space. When she applied,

she was one of fifteen chosen out of a

group of two-thousand.

Mae Jemison was raised with

her Mom, Dad, sister, and her brother. Her

Mom, Dorothy Green Jemison, was an

elementary school teacher. As for her Dad,

Charlie Jemison, he was a carpenter. Her

sister, Ada Jemison Bullock, became a child

physiatrist. Her brother, Charles Jemison,

became a real estate broker. Her family is

very successful in their careers. While

Mae’s parent’s kids were in school they

were supportive and proud of their children.

I think that is why Mae was always

determined to do her very best and knew

she was supported every step she went.

Mae Jemison after she came back

from outer space she received multiple

rewards. She is a very noble, brave, and

exciting person. She also worked very hard

to be where she is today. To be one of the

first to go to space and on top of that she

was one out of fifteen to get a job at NASA.

I know if I wanted to be in the same area of

expertise I would look up at Mae Jemison

as a great role model. Even if you wouldn’t

like her exact job you could do something

relevant to her job or just look up to her.

After she retired from her job

at astronaut corps she accepted a teaching

fellowship at Dartmouth. She also

established the Jemison Group, a company

that seeks to research, develop and market

advanced technologies. So this is how Mae

Jemison has lived her life and she has done

an amazing job. The world is waiting to see

what else this amazing person will do.

“What we find is that if you have a

goal that is very, very far out, and you

approach it in little steps, you start to get

there faster. Your mind opens up to the

possibilities.”

~Mae Jemison

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Changing Faces By: Virginia Smith

He was the man who discovered that all

species on life have descended over time

from common ancestries. He was also the

man who was given the title “The Father of

Evolution”. That’s right! He is one of the

best STEM scientists ever. He is Charles

Darwin.

This man made one of the most amazing

discoveries that changed human existence.

He discovered evolution. Charles Darwin

was born into a very successful family. He

got a good education but wasn’t always

the best student in school. He didn’t enjoy

school very much. He’d rather spend his

time outside looking

and exploring the

wonderful outdoors.

Once Darwin got older

he realized his passion

for geology and nature.

Charles Darwin was

born on February 12,

1809 at The Mount

Shrewsberry, United

Kingdom. Since that

date there has been

amazing discoveries.

Sadly everyone knows

that if there is a birth

there also must be a death. Darwin died on

April 19, 1882 at the Down House, Downe,

United Kingdom.

Darwin’s first collage was the University of

Edinburgh Medical where he studied

medicine. He found lectures dull and

surgery distressing so Darwin neglected his

studies. His father got very mad and sent

him to different school, Christ’s Collage,

which was a school where you become a

priest. Since Darwin didn’t qualify for the

higher education classes he joined the

ordinary degree course. He preferred the

outdoors over his studies. His cousin and

he started collecting beetles. He was so

good at this that his collections were

mentioned in different magazines. He even

became friends with John Stevens

Henslow, a famous

botanic professor.

In 1831 he

graduated as one

of the best

students in his

class. His mentor

Henslow asked him

to join him on their

5-year expedition

around the world.

On December 27,

1831 Darwin set

foot on the HMS

Beagle. The ship was to leave for an

expedition to chart the coastline of South

America. They sailed via Cap Verde to

Brazil and continued all the way around

This is evolution. It’s where people

and animals change over time.

the southern tip of South America to the

Galapagos Islands. Charles Darwin loved

the Galapagos Islands and wanted to do

his research studies on it. From there on

they went to Australia, South Africa, back

to Brazil and finally going back home to

England. After his return in 1836 Darwin

began to write up his findings in the

Journal of Researches. These last five years

had a monumental effect on his view of

natural history. He developed a

revolutionary theory about the origin of

living beings, which was very different

from the view of other naturalists at that

time. Darwin believed that all living beings

gradually evolved from common ancestors. Other naturalists believed that all species

were created over the course of natural

history. Darwin introduced his

revolutionary theory of evolution in a

letter that was read at the Linnean Society.

A year later he had published his theory in

his work On the Origin of Species by Means

of Natural Selection.

Family

Charles Darwin had 10 kids with his wife

Emma Darwin. 6 of their kids were boys

and four of them were girls. Their names

were: Francis Darwin, George Darwin,

Morrace Darwin, Leonard Darwin, Charles

Waring Darwin, William Erasmus Darwin,

Anne Darwin, Henrietta Linchfield,

Elizabeth Darwin, and Mary Eleanor

Darwin. His parents were Robert Darwin

and Susannah Darwin. Darwin was born

into a wealthy family and he had a pretty

ordinary childhood.

Awards and Honors

Darwin was a very talented man. He got

very many awards and honors. Some of

these are the Royal Medal, Copley Medal,

and the Wollaston Medal.

He devoted his lifetime to his belief and

died at his family home in London on April

19, 1882. Only during the next centuries,

DNA studies discovered evidence of

Darwin’s theory of evolution.

“A man who dares to waste one hour of

time has not discovered the value of life.”

-Charles Darwin

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Glass Ceiling

Faith Carabajal

Nature is a beautiful thing. Rachel Carson thought so also.

With the ocean so blue, flowers and trees so colorful, and

animals so alive, we usually take nature for granted. We

can easily think of nature as everyday life. Rachel saw it for

how it is, simply magnificent. Rachel Carson was born on

May 27 1907 in the beautiful town of Springdale,

Pennsylvania. Her mother raised her with a along love of

nature. First, as a writer and later became a student of

marine biology.

Curiosity… lots of people have it, but how many

people take advantage of it? Rachel fell in love with the

living world and how it effects everyone in the world. In

1932 she graduated with a MA in marine zoology then went

off to study at the bureau of fisheries. She wrote articles

on natural history of the Chesapeake Bay. She later

finished “undersea” for the Atlantic Monthly. After a while

she became staff biologist for the U.S fish and wildlife

surface.

Rachel and writing were two peas in a pod. She

stared writing from a very young age and kept writing her

whole life. Her book Silver Spring had made news lines

like “silent spring is now noise summer!” Also she had

books like “Under Sea Wind”, “The Sea around Us”, “The

Edge of the Sea” and “The Sense of Wonder.” These

books were mostly about the living world and oceanic point

of view. All of her stories taught people and helped people

understand the world around them. She also wrote many

articles and wrote radio scripts for the bureau of fisheries.

Rachel Carson broke the glass ceiling when she

decided to get a major in the chemistry, which no girl had

done before. She went to John Hopkins University and

walked out with a major in Marine Zoology. She became a

part-time instructor at John Hopkins University in Maryland.

She had a temporary job at the U.S bureau of fisheries and

later became a full time employee at the fish and wildlife

service (FWS). That further led her to her writing and

This is our lovely Rachel

Carson

This is our lovely Rachel

Carson

editing profession. Then the FWS had her as the editor

and chief for the informational position.

“Those who dwell among the beauties and

mysteries of the earth are never alone or weary of life” This

is one of the many quotes by Rachel Carson. Another

popular quote by Rachel is “One way to open your eyes is

to ask yourself, “What if I had never seen this before? What

if I knew I would never see it again? Rachel’s writings are

credited with advancing the global environmental

movement. Her widely praised 1951 bestseller The Sea

Around Us, won her a U.S.

National Book Award.

In the mid 1940’s,

Carson had become concerned

about the use of synthetic

pesticides, many of which had

been developed from military

funding of science since World War II. She was

concerned about pesticides and environmental poisons. A

pesticide is defined as: “a substance used for destroying

insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to

animals”. She was against the spraying programs.

Sadly we had to say goodbye to this role model

in history she left us at an early age of fifty- one. She was

diagnosed with breast cancer in 1957 and after a long hard

fight with this cancer it reached her liver and she had a

heart attack and passed on April 14, 1964 in her lovely

home of Silver Spring, Maryland. This

legend will always be remembered

and known for breaking that glass

ceiling that broke the barrier for all

women in the United States.

Sabrina Herrin standing by the

Minotaur IV

It is Rocket Science! By: Esther Williams

Growing up in Alaska and Montana in

the 1970’s was hard. You were always

doing farm work like milking cows,

feeding pigs, harvesting crops, and

many other jobs. There was barely any

time for homework. There weren’t very

good schools and yet, Sabrina Herrin,

my mother, was

successful. She

attended USC in LA

during the Rodney King

riots (1992), where more

people were worried

about their safety rather

than school and

studying. Buildings were

being set on fire,

protesters lined the

streets, but, despite the

conditions, Sabrina

Herrin went on to be a

very successful

aerospace engineer.

Sabrina was born April

4th, 1971. Her father’s

name was Dennis and her mother’s

name was Nancy. When Sabrina was 5

her father died in a very unfortunate

plane crash. Her mother was supporting

their whole family, which meant Sabrina

and her younger brother, Jason had a

ton more work to do. They did grow up

on a farm which was tough. They had

lots and lots of work to do but that didn’t

stop either of them. Sabrina went to

college at USC and graduated with a

Bachelor of Science degree in

Aerospace Engineering. Jason, her

brother, is now a geologist, working in

Singapore, and Sabrina is now an

aerospace engineer. She has been part

of 4 missions and has only been in the

business for 21 years. This is quite

surprising, knowing

that most missions

take about a decade to

complete. The

missions’ names are

STP-S26, ORS-3,

TSX-5, and STP-1.

The rockets she

launched her missions

on were the Minotaur

IV, the Minotaur I, the

Atlas 5, and the

Pegasus. Her main job

is to make sure all of

the satellites are

working correctly, to

create the launch route

and separation, and to

work out all final mistakes. It is an

extremely important job, if no one was

doing this or she messed up one tiny

thing, the whole launch could explode,

causing billions of dollars to go down the

drain. All of her launches have been

successful. One of the payloads she

worked on, which was part of STP-1,

was STPsat-1. In March, 2009 it

provided us with unique measurements

of middle atmospheric hydroxyl, polar

mesospheric clouds and the low latitude

ionosphere which were needed by the

Naval Research Laboratory. STP-S26

launched with eight payloads, which

were all successful. ORS-3 and TSX-5

were also very successful.

In conclusion, Sabrina Herrin has

accomplished many things with her

career and is the best mom ever. She

has launched 5 missions which would

take a normal aerospace engineer 50

years, but not Sabrina, It took her 21!

She also graduated with a degree. Even

after all the riot drama, even after

growing up on a farm. She is truly

amazing! The fate of every mission she

faces in her career is in her hands. No

wonder all of her missions were

successful!

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Unlike many other famous STEM

celebrities Joseph Banks was well

educated and was born into a wealthy

environment on February 13, 1743. Not

following the path of his father and

becoming a doctor, Banks craved

knowledge.

Throughout his life

Banks loved

exploring the natural

world; he was very

fascinated with

finding specimens

and observing them

he would observe

them for hours.

Banks was interested

in plants that could

be used for practical

purposes and be

introduced to new

countries so they

could get noticed, he

would promote other scientist careers

and sent many botanists to go discover

and explore places to find new plants

and extend the collection.

Banks passion for botany began at

school. As a Schoolboy Banks loved to

roam and find specimens well other

schoolboys would make portraits with

botanical prints. At age seventeen Banks

enrolled into Oxford University. During

the century Banks was in school wasn’t

meant to learn about natural sciences.

Banks still used his own money to pay

for a course for botany.

Soon after that he left

the university without a

degree and went on to

explore the natural

world.

At the age of twenty one

in London Banks started

to associate with others

interested in the

sciences. He was a

corresponded with the

great taxonomist

Linnaeus. In 1766 Banks

was elected to be a part

of the Royal Society and

was the youngest person to be elected.

His membership in the Society Banks

became the naturalist on a voyage to

the South Seas with James Cook to

observe the Transit of Venus and to also

explore a map what was then believed

to be the southern content Australia. In

Australia Banks and his fellow botanist

David Solander collected over thirty

thousand specimens of previously

unknown plants and more than thirty six

hundred new species which was one of

the most extensive and important

botanical collections in history. After his

expedition with cook Banks lead the first

British scientific expedition to Iceland.

Banks had numerous plants named after

him like an Australian Genus of trees

Banskia, the Blechnum Banskia a coastal

fern, Cordyline Banskii one of the

species known as cabbage trees,

Pterostylis Banskii a ground orchid,

Freycinetia Banskii the screw pine or

kiekie, Astelia Banskii a large tussock

plant with sword like leaves, and the

Senecio Banskii a yellow flowered daisy.

Botany Bay was named in honor of

them. Their return to England after the

voyage Cook and Banks became well

known. Banks continued his career in

England and went on smaller scope

voyages and became the unofficial

scientific advisor for King George III. He

encouraged other botanists to go and

obtain specimens for the royal garden.

Which is known as the Royal Botanic

Gardens and it holds one out of eight

known species of plants in the world.

Banks became the founder Horticultural

Society. In 1778 He was elected to be

president of the Royal Society. He held

the position for forty two years until he

died on June 19, 1820. He promoted the

breadfruit to British sugar cane planters

so they could feed their slaves. Learning

from Banks the Royal Society sponsored

a voyage of the Bounty to transport

breadfruit to Jamaica and the British

West Indies. Although the first voyage

ended in munity, a second voyage was

successful and the crop grew in its new

location but the breadfruit was never

accepted as a food.

Although he was not well known, Banks

love for botany helped him become a

successful botanist going on great

voyages, discovering new species,

becoming the Royal Society President,

and put a lot of specimens in one of the

most well-known botanical gardens

Never stop!By: Dj Tanner

I was scrolling through websites

and I found her. She caught my eye.

Why would she be so exciting over all

these other big name scientists were

not? So I clicked on her picture and

when I did, it exploded! My eyes going

crazy trying to read it all. My heart

beating a million beats a

minute. I was so excited

I finally found her. She

was the perfect scientist.

In Washington D.

C., on August 5 1946,

Shirley Jackson was

born and from that day

forward, she changed

the world. Her mother

and father have always

encouraged her to do her best. Her

father even said “Aim for the stars, so

that you reach the tree tops, and at least

you can get off of the ground.” Shirley

had a gift for science ever since she

was a kid. She got really interested in

finding out how things work. Her parents

always encouraged her to do higher

programs of mathematics and science.

She got straight A’s in high school and

was a valedictorian in her high school

class.

Shirley went to collage at

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

This is very rare for African Americans

to attend college at this time. It was still

the struggle of the civil rights movement.

Shirley, was surprised about how lonely

it would be. Not just from all the boys,

but the girls too "The irony is that the

white girls weren't particularly working

with me, either." She

tells science magazine “I

had to work alone and I

went through a down

period. But, at some

level you have to decide

you will persist in what

you're doing and you

won't let people beat

you down.” Shirley

pushed through the

loneliness, and her

science discovery’s enriched.

Now you are probably all

wondering why is she so important why I

am reading about her. She is important

because she used theories and

mathematics to predict the existence of

subatomic particles and the forces that

blind them together. She was the first

African American to receive a doctorate

in any field from the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology. She was also

the first woman/African American to

serve as a chair of the Nuclear

Shirley Jackson

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Regulatory Commission. In 2001,

Shirley was the first African American

woman to be elected for the National

Academy of Engineering. Wow this is a

good cause of never stoping!

Shirley got numerous awards over her lifetime so if I have not sold you yet that she is a really a great scientist, here is the proof. She got the Thomas Alva Edison Science Award, The New Jersey Governors award in Science, The Golden Torch Award, The Black Engineer of the Year Award. She was placed in the National Women’s Hall of Fame, and the Woman in Technology International Hall

of Fame. She was named in the

“Top 50 Most Important Woman in

Science. And she was also appointed to

President Obama’s Council of

Advisers on Science and Technology.

Now even the President thinks she is a

great scientist, and you have to in order

to work in the White House.

Now, I know I have thrown a lot of information at you all at once, but you need to know that Shirley Jackson was a brilliant S.T.E.M (science, technology, engineering,and mathematics) and she did not care what skin color she was or what people thought of her. She worked hard, and maybe she missed out on hanging out with her friends, or playing

sports that she

wanted to play

but all that hard

work and

persistence all

paid off and

now she is

about to look

back on her life

and say she is

happy of what

she did and

would not

change her life.

I think that

Shirley Jackson

is a great role

model to follow.

I would say it

was if she was

calling me

toward that

page so that I

could let the

world (or the

people who

read this) know

about Shirley

Jackson.

(Rosalind Franklin lokking at DNA

fibers)

Have you ever wondered how and

who collected information on DNA??!

It’s been over fifty one years since

British scientist Rosalind Franklin

died. Franklin died of ovarian cancer

at age 37. Although she died young

she made a huge contribution to

understanding the structures of DNA,

viruses, and

elemental

carbon. Rosalind

was born on July

25, 1920 in

Notting Hill,

London. She died

on April 16, 1958

in Chelsea,

London .Rosalind

Franklin was

born in a influent

and influential Jewish family. She

showed exceptional intelligence

knowing at age

15, wanting to be a scientist she got

her education from several schools

including ST. Paul’s Girls School

(1931-

1938), Newnham college Cambridge

(1938), and university of Cambridge

(1945). There she learned

crystallography

and x-ray

diffraction

techniques by

Jacques Mering

which are

applied on DNA

fibers. On one

photograph it

provided insights

into DNA

structure she

excelled in science there. Then

Franklin enrolled at Newnham

College Cambridge in 1938. She

studied chemistry. In 1941, she was

awarded second class honors in finals

and earned Bachelor’s degree. Then

went to work as assistant research

DNA

A

byb

BY: Maria Peterson

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This is crystallography x-ray

officer at British coal worker research

association were she studied the

porosity of coal. In fall 1946, Rosalind

was appointed at laboratory central

des services chimiques de I"etat in

Paris she worked at

crystallographer. In

addition Rosalind

pioneered the use of

x-rays to create

images of crystalized

solids in analyzing

complex. In January

1951, Franklin started working as a

research associate at Kings College

London in biophysics unit .Her

teacher John Randall was intrigued by

x-ray diffraction techniques. Franklin

and Raymond Gosling made an

amazing discovery they had taken

pictures of DNA and found out there

are two forms of DNA. A dry A form

and a wet B form one of the B forms

photograph 51 became famous of

evidence of DNA structure. Later

Rosalind went on and

taught chemistry and

physics after her and

Raymond gosling

recounting the

discovery of DNA they

were awarded the

Nobel Prize 4 years

after Rosalind had died. The Nobel

prize rules limit the number of people

any award to three and also the

award has to go to someone who is

still alive so it turned out Rosalind

wasn’t eligible for the Nobel prize.

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Color By Pedro One

Some where in the U.S around the 1960s one of

the most famous scientist has just sold his

product! This award winning scientist has sold

hid product in one of the world’s biggest

countries. He has just sold a special adapter

that allows TV to be shown in color! Wow color

TV that’s so cool no I can hear the sarcasm. This

may be not big to you buy without him you

would gray TV boring. Now you ask his name..

His name is Guillermo

Gonzalez Camarena ya

that sounds like a very

Mexican name but wait

I though a white guy

invented color TV. Let

me tell you this man is

not white he’s

Hispanic.

Guillermo Gonzalez

camarena was born in Mexico 1917, feb,in

Guadalajara. at they age of two he moved to

Mexico city as he grew up he loved to build

electronica toys and started his lab in his

basement .he loved to create things. At the age

of 12 he made his own amateur radio. in 1930

he enrolled in Escuela Superior de Ingenería

Mecánica y Eléctrica (School of Mechanical and

Electrical Engineers, ESIME). Later at the

Instituto Politécnico Nacional (National

Polytechnic Institute, IPN); he obtained his first

radio license. Two years late. He was also an

avid stargazer; he built his own telescope and

became a regular member of the, Astronomical

Society of Mexico. In 1934 he made his own

television camera and he was only seventeen

years old! As he kept working he started to

invent the Trichromatic Sequential Fields

System witch allows black and white TV to be

shown in color he made this adapter when he

was only twenty three years old! About ten to

twenty years later Guillermo was called in by

the Colombia collage

of Chicago requested

for him to to design

there television. So

he travelled to

Chicago and made

the transmitter in

there TV and placed

it between a

volcanoes

Popocatepetl and

Iztaccihuatl

Later when he was

finally going to publish his color television

project he Simplified Bicolor System in

nineteen-sixtyrhree, which was well received

internationally, to solve the economic aspect

for future buyers. He presented his simplified

bicolor system in the World Fair of New York.

About two years later in the year of nineteen-

sixtythree in April eighteenth he died in a

traffic collision when returning from a trip in

las, lajas, Veracruz when he was inspecting a

transmission on channel five and that is were he

suffered his death. He only died at the age of

forty-eight.

About three decades later there was a group

formed in nineteen-ninedy three by a

multidisciplinary group searching to find the

talent and creativity of Mexican inventors. they

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formed this group because they wanted to find

people who could invent something like

Guillermo.

In the end Guillermo Gonzalez did succeed in

his dream and made us watch television much

more colorful he spent his life on this project

and made many people happy with his new

inventions even tho lots of people didn’t believe

that he could invent colored television he never

gave up. Thank you Mr. Camareana.

James Chadwick was born in the United

Kingdom

Oh Nucleus! By: Terrence Liverpool

There have been many stem scientists

throughout the years. Some of these

scientists came from a time

of war known as World War

2. With the help of these

people the U.S. Were able to

build nuclear and atomic

bombs. These people

devoted their time and effort

to research and work on how

to build the perfect bomb.

One of these people was

born in Bollington, United

Kingdom named James

Chadwick. Most important

for the study and discovery

of the atom and the neutron.

Why was James Chadwick

such an important scientist?

First of all, Sir James Chadwick was

born in October 20, 1891 in Bollington, UK.

His father was Joseph, a railway storekeeper

and mother, Anne a domestic servant.

Unfortunately, his family was too poor

growing up to pay for more prestigious

schools. Instead, during his childhood, he

went to

Manchester's

Central Grammar

school for boys

where he enjoyed

math and physics.

Unlike many

famous scientists,

James Chadwick

received a full and

privileged

education for

someone who

grew up poor. He

went to

Manchester High

School then, Manchester University. Chadwick

started university in 1908, aged 17 and by the

time he was 19, he was in the final year of his

physics degree. Graduated from Honors

School Physics and worked in a physics

laboratory under Professor (later lord)

Rutherford. In the laboratory he worked on

various radioactivity problems. Later he

James Chadwick’s model of the atom.

received his M.S.C degree and started to

experiment with the atom and the neutron.

During that time, there was speculation

whether or not there was some sort of

neutron within an atom. Chadwick was

curious enough to know. Through research

and experimentation Chadwick was able to

prove the existence of the neutron. His

research soon began to help in building the

atomic bomb. He led the British Manhattan

Project to help the U.S. Build nuclear bombs

for WWII.

James Chadwick received the Nobel

Prize for physics and the Hughes Medal (Royal

Society). He also became honorary fellow to

Institutions and other Universities of Reading.

He soon died in July 24, 1974 in Cambridge, UK

but his research lives on. The nucleus had

been an important part of human research

and very much benefited mankind. Thanks to

Sir James Chadwick we have the Neutron…

Oh Neutron!

“I have already mentioned Rutherford’s

suggestion that there might exist a neutral

particle formed by the close combination of a

proton and an electron, and it was at first

natural to suppose that the neutron might be

such a complex particle. On the other hand, a

structure of this kind cannot be fitted into the

scheme of the quantum mechanics,… the

statistics and spins of the lighter elements can

only be given a consistent description if we

assume that the neutron is an elementary

particle.”

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March 27, 1845, Remscheid,

Germany Wilhelm Conrad

roentgen was born not knowing he

could change the world, When he

was three years old, his family

moved to Apeldoorn in The

Netherlands, where he went to the

Institute of Martinis Herman van

Door, a boarding school. Loved

nature and was often found

roaming the open country forests

and fields but one day

experimenting with electricity

Wilhelm found something that

changed the world he experimented

more and realized how to use it. He

found that the lights go through the

soft shin but not the hard bone they

even found that lights did not go

through the ring as well.

Wilhelm Conrad roentgen

attended at university of Zurich,

instate of marine van doom

Herman. And has won the Nobel

Prize of physics in 1901. Wilhelm

Conrad roentgen 8 November

1895, produced and detected

electromagnetic radiation in a

wavelength range known as X-rays.

=Rontgen married Anna

Bertha Ludwig of Zürich, whom he

had met in the café run by her

father. She was a niece of the poet

Otto Ludwig. They married in 1872

in Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.

They had no children, but in 1887

adopted Josephine Bertha Ludwig,

then aged 6, daughter of Mrs.

Rontgen’s only brother. Four years

after his wife, Rontgen died at

Munich on February 10, 1923,

from carcinoma of the intestine. He

also liked open fields and forests,

he also liked nature a lot.

Wilhelm Conrad roentgen

discovery of x-ray changed the

world we take x-ray for garnet but

without it we would not be able to

tell if your bone was broken. You

could be walking around with a

broken arm and not know what was

wrong. Think have you ever broken

a bone? If it wasn’t for Wilhelm

Conrad roentgen you would still be

walking around with a broken arm

or leg, take a second to think about

that. That is why Wilhelm Conrad

roentgen is a Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics.

Celebrity he is not like any singer

or sports star but he changed the

world by creating X-radiation

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Wilhelm Conrad

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First x-ray

machine First X-ray

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