stem final

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Objective of this report: This report will provide you a broad understanding of the Importance of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in India and around the globe and the opportunities available for prospective employees/professionals. The report also outlines specific career pathways and the formal training requirement order to qualify for these roles.

History History of science and technology in the Indian Subcontinent begins with prehistoric human activity at Mehrgarh, in present-day Pakistan, and continues through the Indus Valley Civilization to early states and empires. The British colonial rule introduced some elements of western education in India. Following independence, science and technology in the Republic of India has included automobile engineering, information technology, communications as well as space, polar, and nuclear sciences.

As British power spread across India in the nineteenth century, in part through the use of superior technology, Indian intellectual leaders beginning with Raja Rammohan Roy realized that they needed to understand the revolution that had occurred in European knowledge systems. Eventually they created three major new institutions.

The first was the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, which was established in Calcutta in 1876 by the medical practitioner Mahendra Lal Sircar.

The second was the establishment of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore by Jamsetji N. Tata, an industrialist from Bombay

The third institution was the Indian Science Congress, which held in 1914 the first of a series of annual meetings of all Indian scientists.

World attention was caught by the distinguished work of scientists such as J. C. Bose, who experimented with wireless transmission before Marconi; Meghnad Saha, whose law of ionization can be considered the first theoretical effort in astrophysics; Nobel Prize–winner C. V. Raman; and Satyendra Nath Bose, whose unusual statistics and work with Einstein led to a particle description of radiation.

Earlier, the mathematical genius Ramanujan (1887–1920) had represented a response to Western mathematics that was in the traditional Indian idiom. His education was not above the pre-university level, and in mathematics was entirely limited to familiarity with the basic compilations of mathematical formulas found in British manuals.

By the 1930s there were several Indians with an international reputation in science, but it was becoming increasingly clear that the opportunities available to them within the country were far. Bitter controversies erupted among scientific leaders who had to share very scarce resources. Probably the first great Indian scientist to flee the country in search of opportunity was the renowned astrophysicist Chandrasekhar (Nobel Prize 1983).

IntroductionScience, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics refers toPlanning, managing, and providing scientific research and professional and technical services (e.g., physical science, social science, engineering) including laboratory and testing services, and research and development services.

Pathways of STEM are: Engineering and Technology Engineering Science and Math

Engineering and Technology:

Engineering Technology is the part of the Technological field that requires the application of scientific and engineering knowledge and methods combined with technical skills in support of engineering activities; it lies in the occupational spectrum between the craftsman and the engineer at the end of the spectrum closest to the engineer.

It is the profession in which a knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences gained by higher education, experience, and practice is devoted primarily to the implementation and extension of existing technology for the benefit of humanity.Science, Technology and Mathematics awards of India

Award Title Field DescriptionShanti Swarup Bhatnagar

Science and Technology It is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental in Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Engineering,

Mathematics, Medicine and Physics Fields Medal Mathematics Fields Medal, officially known as International

Medal for Outstanding Discoveries in Mathematics, is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The Fields Medal is often viewed as the greatest honour a mathematician can receive

India Science Award Science It is the highest and the most prestigious national recognition by the Government of India for outstanding contribution to science

Fields in Engineering and Technology:

Fields Description

Civil Engineering Concern with the Plan, design, and supervise the construction and maintenance of structures and facilities, including project management, estimating, scheduling, business accounting, finance, and public policy analysis, design, methods, and materials of large structures such as bridges, highway, water treatment facilities, and traffic and transportation systems.

Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Two main stems: Mechanical System such as automobiles.washing machines, etc., and Thermal System such as power plants, refrigeration, solar and alternative energies

Aeronautical Engineering Concern with design and analysis of airfoils, control system, propulsion (turbine and reciprocating engines) and aircraft system.

Electronics & Electrical engineering Concern with power generation and distribution, consumer electronic goods, and telecommunication goods and networks.

Chemical Engineering Concern with industrial chemicals such as solvents, plastics, paints, adhesives, etc., and with food and pharmaceuticals.

Computer Science and IT Engineering Study algorithm to describe and transform information using digital computer hardware and software, as well as programming and execution of programs.

Civil Engineering

Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsCivil Engineer, Engineer, Project Engineer, Project Manager, Structural Engineer, City Engineer, Civil Engineering Manager, Design Engineer, Railroad Design Consultant, Research Hydraulic Engineer

Most prominent jobs Structural EngineeringNames of key people Sir M. Visvesvaraya

Trivia on brands / products services

Navi Mumbai, a planned satellite township of Mumbai, was developed in 1972 and is the largest planned township on the planet

One of the Taj Mahal’s most recognizable features is a large white dome that is often called an ‘onion dome’ due to its shape. It has a height of around 35 metres (115 feet) and is surrounded by 4 smaller domes.

Major Job Roles Structural engineer Manage and direct staff members and the construction, operations, or maintenance activities at project site.They also Provide technical advice regarding design, construction, or program modifications and structural repairs to industrial and managerial personnel.Some of the major job roles are:* Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards.* Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility.* Prepare or present public reports on topics such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, or property and right-of-way

descriptions.* Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems and structures, following construction and government standards, using design software and drawing tools.* Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, or material stress factors to determine design specifications.

Structural Engineering

What do they do in this job?

Structural engineers are responsible for analysing different types of stresses and strains that a structure has to endure during and after it has been built. The study generally involves the identification of different types of loads that would act upon a structure and plans for making the structure safer from these loads. Structural engineers are also concerned about the overall strength of a structure when it is built so that it can withstand the onslaught of natural elements as well as human intervention

Name of the Key People

Working Environment

Structural Engineers work in many different settings, ranging from quiet, modern offices to job sites in remote areas. They may travel frequently or relocate temporarily while working on a distant project. They may work with other professional and technical personnel on temporary project teams.

Practical Applications

Structural engineers make a difference and shape the built environment. They are people who enjoy a challenge, responsibility and the excitement of an innovative and varied career. Structural engineering presents both creative and technical challenges and requires excellent problem solving skills.

Education Required10 + Diploma in Civil Engineering Or Degree in Civil Engineering, Master degree is required for highest roles or jobes

Skills required

Complex Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, Judgment and Decision Making, Mathematics, Operations Analysis, Reading Comprehension, Active Listening, Speaking, Time Management

Salary Levels Initially 10,000 to 15,000 INR per Month

Job Outlook

Employment of Structural engineers is expected to grow 19 percent from 2010 to 2020, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Job openings for Structural engineers are expected to be numerous through 2020.

Names of Institutions / cos

Indian Institutes of Technology, National Institute of Technology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology

Timeframe to get first jobInteractions

Mechanical and Automotive Engineering

Mechanical engineers provide efficient solutions to the development of processes and products, ranging from small component designs to extremely large plant, machinery or vehicles. They can work on all stages of a product, from research and development to design and manufacture, through to installation and final commissioning.Where Automotive engineers are involved in the design, manufacture and operation of ground-based vehicles, such as motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsAutomotive Engineering Technicians, Automotive Engineers, Mechanical Engineering Technologists , Mechanical Engineers, Mechatronics Engineers, Design Engineers, Testing Engineers,

Most prominent jobs Electro Mechanical EngineersNames of key people

Trivia on brands / products services

High speed passenger trains in China reach speeds of up to 350 kmph The average American family spent 33 percent of their yearly income for a new car

Major Job Roles Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians provide technical support and services or may work independently in mechanical engineering fields such as the design, development, maintenance and testing of machines, components, tools, heating and ventilating systems, power generation and power conversion plants, manufacturing plants and equipment.Automotive engineer designs, develops, builds, tests and modifies models. An automotive engineer designs and analyzes car systems, and designs control systems or algorithms. These workers develop methodologies in calibration, engineering specifications and cost estimates for new car design concepts, and control feature specifications and requirements. An automotive engineer may build models and test them. After testing models, they may modify their designs to obtain a certain level of performance. production, manufacturing jobs

Electro Mechanical EngineersElectromechanical Engineers bring the principles of electrical and

What do they do in this job?

mechanical engineering to the workplace. All kinds of products, from space satellites to computer monitors, are both electrical and mechanical in nature; Electromechanical Engineers conceptualize and build machines that use both technologies

Working Environment

Electromechanical engineers are asked to Work in offices, in manufacturing or industrial plants, or on construction sites. Some may be exposed to hazards from equipment, chemicals, or toxic materials, but incidents are rare as long as proper procedures are followed. Deadlines or other responsibilities at work may require longer hours and overtime

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education Required10+ Bachelor's degree in either Electrical Engineering or in Mechanical Engineering

Skills required

Should have a strong technical background and a creative bent is a must for Electromechanical Engineers; constantly developing new ideas and bringing them to life is the crux of the job. Strength in math, science and computers is necessary for Electromechanical Engineers, who work with all three disciplines frequently. Electromechanical Engineers frequently make presentations and draft technical instructions, so public speaking and writing are two skills worth mastering

Salary Levels Initially 15,000 to 20,000 INR per Month

Job Outlook

The current market for positions in industrial settings is competitive. The best opportunities will be for candidates who have strong technical skills, and who have actively pursued opportunities to combine skills gained in the classroom with practical experience gained through internships and other field work.

Names of Institutions / cos

Timeframe to get first job Many private Companies and Industries recruits for this job,

Hence one can get tis job with in 2 to 3 months after compliting the degreeInteractions

Aerospace Engineering

Aerospace engineering is the primary branch of engineering concerned with the research, design, development, construction, testing, science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft. It is divided into two major and overlapping branches: Aeronautical engineering Astronautical engineering. The Aeronautics deals with aircraft that operate in Earth's atmosphere, and the Astronautics deals with spacecrafts that operate outside the Earth's atmosphere.

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsAerospace Engineer, General Engineer, Meteorology, Administrative Specialist, IT Specialist, Design Engineer, Model making Engineer, Instrument Making Specialist, System Engineer, Aeronautical Engineer, Astronautical Engineer

Most prominent jobs Aerospace EngineerNames of key people Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian Aerospace Scientist

K. Radhakrishnan, scientist and the present chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation

Trivia on brands / products services

Aerospace Engineer

What do they do in this job?

Aerospace, engineer applies scientific and technological principles to research, design, develop, maintain and test the performance of civil and military aircraft, missiles, weapons systems, satellites and space vehicles. They also work on the different components that make up these aircraft and systems.

Working Environment

Aerospace engineers are employed in industries whose workers design or build aircraft, missiles, systems for national defense, or spacecraft. Aerospace engineers are employed primarily in analysis and design, manufacturing, industries that perform research and development.

Name of the key people A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Practical Applications

Education RequiredAerospace engineers must have a bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering or another field of engineering or science related to aerospace systems. Some aerospace engineers work on projects that are related to national defense and thus require security clearances.

Skills required

strong technical knowledge; ability to think creatively and be innovative; problem-solving and analytical skills; meticulous attention to detail; a level of commercial awareness; strong communication and team working skills; ability to work to deadlines with self-motivation; organisational skills; time management skills; ability to cope with new demands and new problems to be solved; a love of aviation, aircraft and flight technology

Salary Levels 15000 to 50,000 INR per month

Job Outlook

Employment of aerospace engineers is projected to grow 7 percent from 2012 to 2022, slower than the average for all occupations. Some aerospace engineers work on projects that are related to national defense and thus require security clearances

Names of Institutions / cos

Manipal Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Acharya Institute of Technology

Timeframe to get first job Number of studients entering to this field is less when compare to other fields so there is no need to wait till the turn.

Interactions

Electronics & Electrical Engineering

Electronics and Electrical engineering is concerned with the study and application of electricity, electromagnetism and electronics. And many sub-disciplines, including power, control systems, electronics and telecommunications. Electrical engineering is also behind some of the most advanced medical developments, such as body scanners

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsElectrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians, Electrical Engineers, Engineering Teachers, Engineering Technicians, Industrial Engineering Technicians, Manufacturing Engineering Technologists, Manufacturing Engineers

Most prominent jobs Electrical EngineerNames of key people Amar Gopal Bose, Founder and Chairman of Bose Corporation

Trivia on brands / products services

Major Job Roles Electrical and electronic engineering technicians help engineers design and develop computers, communications equipment, medical monitoring devices, navigational equipment, and other electrical and electronic equipment. They often work in product evaluation and testing, using measuring and diagnostic devices to adjust, test, and repair equipment.

Electrical Engineer

What do they do in this job?

Electrical engineer will be involved with designing, developing and maintaining electrical control systems, machinery and equipment.They could work in a very wide range of sectors, including transport networks, power generation, transmission and distribution, manufacturing, building services, telecommunications as well as scientific and military research.

There are many types of companies have use for an electrical engineer's services, but most electrical engineers are employed by engineering firms,

Working Environment

and businesses in the manufacturing and research industries.Electrical engineers typically work in office environments, though they may need to visit sites to observe and correct some problems.Some electrical engineers are able to maintain a regular working schedule, while others (particularly those who work with a lot of tight deadlines) may find themselves working long nights and weekends to meet their goals.

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education RequiredA minimum of a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering is required for careers in this profession, though a master's degree is sometimes required for advancement. Some universities offer a five year program in electrical engineering that give graduates both a bachelor's and a master's

Skills required

One should have Keen interest in subjects like maths, physics, IT and technical drawing. One should be a strong communicator, capable of communicating ideas to a wide range of colleagues, many of whom may not have an understanding about electronics or electrical engineering. One should be able to work with a broad variety of other professionals, including IT specialists, architects, technicians and other engineers.

Salary Levels 15,000 to 30,000 INR Per Month

Job Outlook

Electrical Engineering fresh graduates can find jobs both in public and private sector. However the private companies provide good salary as compared to the government ones. Among the largest employers of electrical engineers are computer, telecommunications and consumer electronics companies

Names of Institutions / cos

Atria Institute of Technology, B.N.M. Institute of Technology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

Timeframe to get first jobInteractions

Chemical Engineering

. Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the physical sciences like chemistry and physics and life sciences like biology, microbiology biochemistry together with mathematics and economics to production, transformation, transportation and proper usage of molecules, chemicals, materials and energy. Modern chemical engineers are concerned with processes that convert raw-materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition, they are also concerned with pioneering valuable materials and related techniques – which are often essential to related fields such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and bioengineering

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsChemical Engineers, Biochemist, Chemist, Poylmer and Paint Engineer, Bio-molecular Engineer, Molecular Engineer, Analytical chemist, Clinical biochemist, Forensic scientist, Pharmacologist, Research scientist (physical sciences), Science writer, Toxicologis

Most prominent jobs ChemistNames of key people Rakesh Agarwal, Ramani Ayer

Trivia on brands / products services

In the modern age, there are 5 known phases of matter, Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma and Bose EinsteiniumOxygen is not the most abundant element in our atmosphere. The most abundant element is Nitrogen, 78% while Oxygen is 21% and Argon is just short of 1%. Carbon Dioxide and trace elements make up the rest.

Major Job Roles Chemical Engineers must develop safety procedures to be employed by workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to on-going chemical reactions. They must Troubleshoot problems with chemical manufacturing processes and Conduct research to develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. One should Evaluate chemical equipment and processes to identify ways to optimize performance or to ensure compliance with safety and environmental

regulations and Perform tests and monitor performance of processes throughout stages of production to determine degree of control over variables such as temperature, density, specific gravity, and pressure.

Chemist

What do they do in this job?

Chemists investigate and manipulate liquid, gas and solid substances to produce products such as fuel, pharmaceuticals and plastics. They may analyze data in offices, perform experiments in labs or observe processes on factory floors. They often work in teams with manufacturing, marketing and other scientific personnel. They must perform certain key duties to be effective at their positions

Working Environment

Chemist may analyze data in offices, perform experiments in labs or observe processes on factory floors. Chemists' general duties depend on where they work. For example, in manufacturing, they find ways to produce chemical products more efficiently and more safely. In academia, they focus on researching substances down to the atomic level, publishing their discoveries and presenting information in lecture halls

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education RequiredA minimum of a bachelor's degree in Chemical engineering is required or else Degree in relevant subject such as chemistry, applied/analytical chemistry or biochemistry is normally required for entry into the profession. Practical research/laboratory work experience is helpfulthough a master's degree is sometimes required for advancement.

Skills required

Strong knowledge on Chemicals and Chemical Reactions logical and independent mind, motivation and ability to solve complex problems, a systematic approach to tasks, theoretical knowledge of analytical techniques, the ability to develop and validate new methods, excellent IT skills, numerical and analytical ability, team working, responsibility, communication and presentation skills

Salary Levels 15,000 to 25,000 INR Per Month

Job Outlook

There are a lot of different employment opportunities open to chemists. Through 2016 the employment rate for chemists is expected to grow at the same rate as the average for all occupations. The fastest growth is expected in biotechnology and the pharmaceuticals industry, with good opportunities in food science, materials science, and analytical chemistry.

Names of Institutions / cos

R V College of Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, Indian Institute of

ScienceTimeframe to get first job In this field one can get the job very early when compare to other fields

Interactions

Computer Science and IT Engineering

Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical processes (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication and access to informationIts subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsComputer Hardware Engineers, Computer Programmers, Software developers, Software Engineers, Software testers, Hardware and Networking engineers, systems engineer, solutions specialist, technical designer, Videogame Designer, IT consultant, application specialist, Web designer, web producer, multimedia architect, internet engineer, Computer and Information Scientist

Most prominent jobs Video game designerNames of key people Narayana Murthy Infosys

Trivia on brands / products services

Major Job Roles Computer engineers are responsible for designing, developing, implementing and testing computer-based hardware and software, including the components that are found inside computer equipment, as well as the actual devices that contain the computers and the software that runs on those machines. They may also design networks that connect computer systems, and work on integrating software programs with computer hardware.IT engineers help to meet their employer's needs for computer hardware, software and networking tools. They work to develop, test, install, configure and troubleshoot computer hardware and software. As part of this process, they work to create proper documentation, diagrams and other detailed instructions to help other employees make the best use of new technologies.

Video game designer

What do they do in this job?

Video game designers write and debug computer code to develop games for a verity of platforms. They determine the concept and design of the game, sketch and story board what the game will look like and create a limited version of the audio and video of their game. Video game designers maintain flow charts of the activities and people involved in design and development. Each version of the game is redesigned and tested until the problems and flows are eliminated.

Working Environment

Video game designers work indoors in offices or rooms where specialized machines and tools are available such as computers, graphics, audio and Sound equipment.Designing a video game takes a long time and some programmers who work alone have a difficult time with the lengthy process. Over time may be expected with very long hours necessary to meet deadlines

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education RequiredMost employers prefer a job applicant to have a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or Computer Engineering One to two years of programming experience is essential. Individuals with a Master’s Degree in Computer Science have a I better job outlook Employers prefer candidates to have experience in various programming languages. A love of video games is a plus .

Skills required

A computer games designer should be creative, imaginative and original and fluent in a number of software packages. He should have a thorough understanding of the market and target audience for computer games and have a problem-solving skills and storytelling ability .He should have a excellent communication and presentation skills and understand the capabilities and benefits of different hardware including PCs, consoles and

mobile devices, as well as the relevant software technologies and techniques

Salary Levels Minimum of 15.000 INR per month

Job Outlook

Advancement in video game programming primarily depends on the programmer’s skills, and how quickly he/she is able to improve upon those. Concepts of game programming are undergoing rapid changes with every passing year, and the faster a video game programmer can adapt to the continuously evolving trends, the better his/her career prospects

Names of Institutions / cos

Virtualinfocom, Manipal institute of ScienceTimeframe to get first job As it is one of the Unique field and it depends on the creativity one can get

the job while studying only or with in 2 or 3 months after compliting the course

Interactions

Engineering Science and Math

Our world is changing. Today, we rely on mathematics and science in ways we could not imagine thirty years ago. Innovations in technology help us communicate across the globe with ease through satellites, the internet, and cell phones. They also help us every day to work better and even pay our bills on-line. Advances in medicine and science improve our health and help us to understand the world around us. From balancing a household budget to preparing your taxes to following a recipe, mathematics and science touch every part of our lives.

Fields in Science and Math

Biologist Economist Physicist Mathematician

Fields Description

Biologist Biologists study living things like animals or plants, and the world around them, to increase our knowledge and understanding of areas such as the environment, genetics,

and animal or plant biology

Economist Economist Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods.

Physicist Physicist Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories

Mathematician Mathematicians Conduct research in fundamental mathematics and apply the application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields. They alsov solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods

Biologist

Biologists is one who study living things like animals or plants, and the world around them, this to increase our knowledge and understanding of areas such as the environment, genetics, and animal or

plant biology

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsMicrobiologists, Physiologists, Geneticists, Zoologists and Ecologists

Most prominent jobs ZoologistNames of key people Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya, Entomologist

Salim Ali, OrnithologistTrivia on brands / products

services A chameleon can move its eyes in two directions at the same time A newborn kangaroo is about 1 inch in length An average strawberry has about 200 seeds. And it is the only fruit

that bears its seeds on the outside

Why this field is important This field is important with respect to the environmental aspects and it increases the Richness of the nation.It is also important for many of research which is helpful for medical field.

Zoologist

What do they do in this job?

Zoologists study the habitats and characteristics of animals and wildlife. They use their research for many different purposes. Some of the research that zoologists do is based purely on observation. They might observe how one species reacts to another, how they interact with their habitat, what their reproductive habits are, and how they socialize with other members of their species. Most zoologists choose to specialize in studying one particular species. Insects, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles are some of the most common specialties, but many zoologists specialize even further and study only one type of animal within a species.

Working Environment

Zoologist used to carry their work in Industries, Research Centers, Laboratory as well as in fields and Forest areas alsoZoologists spend a lot of time in the field, where they observe animals in their habitats and collect field data. Depending on the animal that a zoologist is studying, extended travel to remote regions of the earth may be required.Fieldwork can be very demanding. Zoologists have to work in all types of weather and climates.

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education RequiredA minimum of a bachelor's degree in ecology, zoology, or wildlife biology is required for most entry level zoologist positions. Zoologists need to have a

well-rounded scientific background, and these programs normally include courses in wildlife management, ecology, botany, and chemistry.

Skills required

To become a zoologist, one should have an interest in animals and the environment, an aptitude for science, particularly biology and chemistry. The ability to carry out detailed work accurately and methodically and the ability to plan research, analyse and interpret data, and write reportsOne should have a practical skills, problem-solving skillspatience, perseverance and the ability to concentrate for long periods and the ability to work as part of a multi-disciplinary team

Salary Levels 15,000 to 50,000 INR per month

Job Outlook

The overall job outlook for Zoologists careers has been positive since 2004. Vacancies for this career have increased by 15.88 percent nationwide in that time, with an average growth of 2.65 percent per year. Demand for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists is expected to go up, with an expected 4,560 new jobs filled by 2018. This represents an annual increase of 3.27 percent over the next few years.

Names of Institutions / cos

KKECS Institute of Life Science, Dayananda Sagar College of Biological Sciences, SIES College of Arts, Science & Commerce

Timeframe to get first job As it is one of the growing field one can get the job with in 3 months after the complition of the course

Interactions

Economist

Economists study the ways a society uses scarce resources such as land, labor, raw materials, and machinery to produce goods and services. They analyze the costs and benefits of distributing and consuming these goods and services. Economists conduct research, collect and analyze data, monitor economic trends, and develop forecasts. Their research might focus on topics such as energy costs, inflation, interest rates, farm prices, rents, imports, or employment.

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsEconomist, Economic Analyst, Professor, Professor of Economics, Economic Consultant, Project Economist, Forensic Economist, Health Researcher, Research Analyst, Economic Analysis Director

Most prominent jobs EconomistNames of key people Dr. Shankar Acharya, B. R. Ambedkar, Dr. Yoginder K Alagh

Trivia on brands / products services

Development expenditure of the Central government does not include defence expenditure

The condition of indirect taxes in the country's revenue is approximately 86 percent

Deficit financing means that the government borrows money from the RBIWhy this field is important With Respect to the financial Status of the country, organization, Company

and other Sectors economist plays an important role.To know the up’s and downs of energy costs, inflation, interest rates, farm prices, rents, imports, or employment Economists are necessary

Economist

What do they do in this job?

The work of the economist is to Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods.

Working Environment

Although the majority of economists work independently in an office, some collaborate with other economists and statisticians. Most economists work full time during regular business hours, but occasionally they work long hours to meet deadlines

Name of the Key People

Practical Applications

Education RequiredMost economists need a master’s degree or Ph.D. However, some entry-level jobs are available for workers with a bachelor’s degree

Skills required

Analytical skills: Being an economist involves a lot of analysis of events and economic variables as such one must have excellent analytical skills so as to draw reasonable conclusions.

Interpretation of statistics: Numerical figures and statistics are an everyday thing for an economist and as such one must have the skill to understand and interpret statistics.

Forecasting skills: Economics is a historical, present and forward looking area and every economics must have the skills to provide accurate forecasts on economic variables. In fact an economist is gauged by their ability to provide accurate forecasts.

Salary Levels 20,000 to 50,000 INR Per month

Job Outlook

Employment of economists is projected to grow 14 percent from 2012 to 2022, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Job prospects should be best for those with a master’s degree or Ph.D., strong analytical skills, and related work experience.

Names of Institutions / cos

Agro-Economic Research Centre, Birla Institute of Management Technology, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Delhi School of Economics

Timeframe to get first job There are Many openings for the Economist in various sectors like BankingFinance, Governament and many Research Centers so it is not tough to get a job as economistS

Interactions

Physicist

Physicists study the laws and properties that govern matter, space, time, and energy. Because physics applies to everything in the universe and nobody can ever hope to understand all of it, physicists normally specialize in a subfield. Here are some examples of popular specializations are Atomic, molecular, and optical physicists, Astrophysicists, Particle and nuclear physicists , Medical physicists , Condensed matter physicists and so on.

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsHealth Physicist, Scientist, Research Scientist, Physicist, Research Consultant, Research Physicist, Biophysics Scientist, Astrophysicists, Particle and nuclear physicists , Medical physicists , Condensed matter physicists

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India) Most prominent jobs Physicist

Names of key people C. V Raman, A. P Balachandran, T .V RamakrishnanTrivia on brands / products

services A rubber band shrinks when heated and expands when cooled because of the change in its Entropy state.

Due to the effect of Thermal Expansion, the Eiffel Tower is upto 15cm taller in summer

The world's densest wood, the Black Ironwood (Olea laurifolia), does not float on water and therefore sinks.

Why this field is important This field is important because it generates fundamental knowledge required for technological advancement, it extends and enhances our understanding of other disciplines and it contributes to our technological infrastructure. For many of the inventions and research for the betterment of the nation and society physicists are necessary

Physicist

What do they do in this job?

Physicists study the ways in which various forms of matter and energy interact. Theoretical physicists may study the nature of time or the origin of the universe. Physicists in applied fields may develop new military technologies or new sources of energy, or monitor space debris that could endanger satellites

Working Environment

Physicists spend much of their time working in offices, but they also conduct research in laboratories and observatories. Most physicists work full time.

Practical Applications

Education RequiredA minimum of a master's degree is required to work as a physicist, but a Ph.D. in physics is required for most positions.

Skills required

To be a physicist one should have following skillsGood scientific and mathematical knowledgean enquiring mind

Clear and logical thinking, with good problem solving skills

Methodical approach to work, with a high level of accuracy

Good communication and presentation skillsreport writing skills

Ability to work both as part of a team and on your own

Team leadership and project management skills

Good understanding of statistics and relevant computer packages

Willingness to work flexibly and adapt to change

Salary Levels 20000 to 50000 INR Per month

Job Outlook

Employment for Physicist higher than the average for all occupations. Some physicist work on Research that are related to national defense and some medical inventions. Hence there are more opportunities for Physicist

Names of Institutions / cos

Timeframe to get first job After compliting the course Depending on the field of intrest one can join to any of the research institute or labs

Interactions

Mathematician

Mathematician Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields. They Solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods. Important subjects related to mathematics include computer science, physics and English. Mathematicians usually have analytical minds, good communication skills and the ability to think abstractly

Size of the industry (Global / India)

Growth rate of this industry (Global / India)

Unique OccupationsMathematician, Algebraist, Cipher Expert, Cryptanalyst, Cryptographer, Engineering Mathematician, Geometrician, Agent-Based Modeler, Computational Scientist, Cryptographer, Cryptographic Vulnerability Analyst, Director of Quantitative Research, Emerging Solutions Executive, Image Scientist, Lead Simulation Modeling Engineer, Research Scientist, Scientist, Teacher, Professor,

Most prominent jobs MathematicianNames of key people Brahmagupta, Varahamihira

Trivia on brands / products services

Everything you can do with a ruler and a compass you can do with the compass alone,Among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest areaAmong all shapes with the same area circle has the shortest perimeter

Why this field is important Mathematics is very important in life for personal use and business use. In our personal life, we will use mathematics to pay bills, balance your checkbook, cook, and schedule our time. Depending on what business we're in, we could use mathematics in our duties but everyone uses it to verify their pay. Hence mathematics is important

Mathematician

What do they do in this job?

Mathematician have an extensive knowledge of mathematics who uses this knowledge in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians involved with solving problems outside of pure mathematics are called applied mathematicians. Applied mathematicians are mathematical scientists who, with their specialized knowledge and professional methodology, approach many of the imposing problems presented in related scientific fields. With professional focus on a wide variety of problems, theoretical systems, and localized constructs, applied mathematicians work regularly in the study and formulation of mathematical models

Working Environment

Mathematicians usually work in comfortable offices. They often are part of an interdisciplinary team that may include economists, engineers, computer scientists, physicists, technicians, and others. Deadlines, overtime work, special requests for information or analysis, and prolonged travel to attend seminars or conferences may be part of their jobs. Mathematicians who work in academia usually have a mix of teaching and research responsibilities. These mathematicians often conduct research alone, or are aided by graduate students interested in the topic being researched.

Some of the Mathematicians works at Schools, Colleges where teaching is their profession

Practical Applications

Education RequiredTo become a Mathematician one should have a degree in the field of Mathematics. But for Research and Higher level jobs master degree and Ph.D. in the field of Mathematics is required

Skills required

A mathematician needs Excellent mathematical knowledge and ability, Strong Conceptual theoretical and analytical skills, strong focus and mental stamina, perseverance problem solving

Salary Levels 15000 to 45,000 INR per month

Job Outlook

Employment of mathematicians are growing day by day, reflecting the reduction in the number of jobs with the title 'mathematician.' As a result, competition is expected to be keen for the limited number of jobs as mathematicians. Master's and Ph.D. degree holders with a strong background in mathematics and a related discipline, such as engineering or computer science, should have the best opportunities

Names of Institutions / cos

Chennai Mathematical Institute, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee

Timeframe to get first job In India many of the mathematician makes teaching as their profession. So there is no need to wait after completing the degreeThere will be opening is many of the schools and Colleges.and in some of the research centers and companies also

Interactions