Stem Cells

STEM CELLSTEM CELL

CONTENTS

Definition Properties Types of stem cell:- 1.Embryonic stem cell 2.Adult stem cell Application of stem cell Future of stem cell

DEFINITION

Stem cells of a particular tissue are defined as un- differentiated cells,are capable of proliferation & are able to self maintain the population .

GENERAL PROPERTIES

1.Capable of dividing & renewing themselves.

2.Unspecialized cells.

3.Give rise to specializ- ed cells.

TYPES

1.Embryonic stem cell- MULTIPOTENT : - cell can give rise to multiple cell type. PLURIPOTENT : -able to give rise to derivatives of 3 germ layer. TOTIPOTENT : -able to give rise to entire organism. 2.Adult stem cell- UNIPOTENT :

-can produce only one type

Microscopic view of colonies (rounded, dense masses of cells) of human embryonic stem cells in biologist James Thomson's research lab.

Embryonic stem cells can be grown in culture dishes. A pinkish solution provides the sugars and other compounds the cells need to grow.

TYPES-(Base upon the source of the origin)

1.Haematopoietic stem cells- Bone marrow

2.Mesenchymal/Marrow stromal cells- Bone marrow , Culture into Osteoblasts

3.Neural stem cells- Neurons ,Astrocytes ,Oligodendrocytes

THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF STEM CELLS

Cell replacement therapy. - Myocardial infarction, Parkinson’s disease

Production of heart muscle cells. - Heart attack Treatment of diabetes. - Type-1 Diabetes Skin replacement therapy. - During injury Tissue engineering application. - Injured organs like liver, kidney, eyes, heart & parts of the brain .

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Skin replacement therapy are need further exploration and extensive investigation, experimental confirmation and clinical trials.

Before they will be made available as an ideal cell substitute for the treatment of a number of degenerative disorder.

ES based cell replacement therapy will revolutionize medicine in the near future.