Key Scottish contributions Nanog, which helps keep cells pluripotent was discovered by Ian Chambers, University of Edinburgh SSCN launched at event addressed by Geron Corp’s CEO, Tom Okarma First mammal cloned from an adult (somatic) cell - Dolly the sheep is born at the Roslin Institute Virus free induction of iPS cells by Keisuke Kaji (Edinburgh) and Andras Nagy (Toronoto) First in man study: ReNeuron’s neural stem cells in clinical study at Southern General Hospital, Glasgow 1956 1961 1978 1981 1988 1995 1998 2000 2006 2007 2008 2010 1996 2003 2009 2011 Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine opens in Edinburgh at the at bioQuarter (near RIE) First bone marrow transplant performed in US James Till and Ernest McCulloch prove the existence of stem cells in the bone marrow Stem cells are discovered in human cord blood First embryonic stem cells are derived from a mouse blastocyst First embryonic stem cell line derived from a non-human primate First cord blood transplant performed in a patient with Fanconi anemia James Thomson publishes the first paper in Science describing hESCs Osiris Therapeutics (US), began their 1st trial using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow transplants First stem cells derived from a cloned embryo in a mouse Yamanaka and colleagues at Kyoto University create the first iPS cells created from mouse somatic cells. Thomson, Yamanaka and others publish the creation of iPS cells from humans Harvard researchers publish first disease specific iPS lines for diseases including Parkinson’s and juvenile diabetes Scientists at Stanford University directly reprogram fibroblasts to neurons without needing to return the cells to pluripotency first. Geron (US) receives clearance to begin world’s first human clinical trial of hESC based therapy for acute spinal cord injury Advanced Cell Technology (US) granted approval to proceed with clinical trials with hESC derived treatment for a rare type of blindness. Stem cell discovery timeline Created by SSCN: based on original work done by the Australian Stem Cell Centre Image © The Roslin Institute Image © PhotoGraphics, University Health Network