Stem cell

• Research into stem cells grew out of findings by Ernest A.McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960.

• In 1998, James Thomson (University of Wisconsin-Madison) isolated cells from the inner cell mass of the early embryo, and developed the first human embryonic stem cell lines.

• BLASTOCYST

• PLACENTA

• CHILDREN

• ADLUTS

Derivation and Use of Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

Two Sources of Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem cells from In Vitro Fertilization(IVF)

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

The nucleus of a donated egg

is removed and replaced with the

nucleus of a mature, "somatic

cell" (a skin cell, for example).

No sperm is involved in this

process, and no embryo is

created to be implanted in a

woman’s womb.

The resulting stem cells can

potentially develop into

specialized cells that are useful

for treating severe illnesses.

• It provides medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

• It provides great potential for discovering treatments and cures to a plethora of diseases including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, spinal cord injuries, diabetes and many more.

• Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells and then used in transplants or to help treat illnesses.

•It will help scientists to learn about human growth and cell development.•Scientists and doctors will be able to test millions of potential drugs and medicine, without the use of animals or human testers. This necessitates a process of simulating the effect the drug has on a specific population of cells. This would tell if the drug is useful or has any problems.

•Stem cell research also benefits the study of development stages that cannot be studied directly in a human embryo, which sometimes are linked with major clinical consequences such as birth defects, pregnancy-loss and infertility. A more comprehensive understanding of normal development will ultimately allow the prevention or treatment of abnormal human development.

•Another advantage is that it holds the key to reversing the effects of aging and prolonging our lives. It has already found many treatments that help in slowing the aging process, and a bonus of further research is a possible 'cure' for aging altogether.

•An advantage of the usage of adult stem cells to treat disease is that a patient's own cells could be used to treat a patient. Risks would be quite reduced because patients' bodies would not reject their own cells.

•Embryonic stem cells can develop into any cell types of the body, and may then be more versatile than adult stem cells.

Disadvantages of stem cells research

• The use of embryonic stem cells involves the destruction of blastocysts formed from laboratory-fertilized human eggs. For those people who believe that life begins at conception, the blastocyst is a human life and to destroy it is immoral and

unacceptable.

• Like any other new technology, it is also completely unknown what the long-term effects of such an interference with nature could materialize.

•Embryonic stem cells may not be the solution for all ailments.

•According to a new research, it was used on heart disease patients. It was found that it can make their coronary arteries narrower.

•A disadvantage is that they are pre-specialized, for instance, blood stem cells make only blood, and brain stem cells make only brain cells.

•These are derived from embryos that are not a patient's own and the patient's body may reject them.

August 25, 2000, President Clinton allowed funding of research based on cells from (aborted) human fetal lines, but not embryonic cells

On August 9, 2001, President Bush announced his decision to allow Federal funds to be used only for research on existing human embryonic stem cell lines created prior to his announcement

Funding and Regulation of Stem Cell Research

Federal

State

International

At all three levels of government, the future of stem cell research is insecure. The research is strongly supported by scientists and very much needed by patients.

On the other hand those who oppose the research are well-funded and determined to legislate it out of existence.

Federal Legislation

State Legislation

• In 2003 there were 71 bills in 29 states

• Legislation supporting therapeutic cloning research has been passed in California and New Jersey.

• If it passes in November 2004, the “California Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative” will provide $3 billion over 10 years.

International Legislation

Stem Cell Research Worldwide

• Stem cell research is very important research in science to cure many of disease.

• But stem cell research breaks all the rule of nature.• Adult stem cell research is good research in science because in this

research we don’t murdered any other to save others life . In this research patient have to be used his own stem cell to cure disease.

• Embryonic stem cell research is like to be a murdered to save other life in this research we have to be used embryos inner cell mass after which embryo destroyed.

• In embryonic stem cell human donate there embryo for money like today many peoples donate there blood or organs for money.

• Therefore this research is good if use it in right manner another wise it will be a very bad research in science .

• INTERNET

• STEM CELL RESEARCH STATUS AND ETHICS

BY:- RICHARD DEEM.