Steering system in automobile

PRESENTED BY :

FARHAN AFZAL

3RD YEAR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(BBIT)

Steering is the term applied to the collection of

components, linkages, etc. Which will allow a vehicle

to follow the desired course.

An automobile is steered with the help of steering

gears and linkages which transfer the motion of the

hand operated steering wheel to the pivoted front

wheel hubs via steering column. The other parts that

are used for steering a vehicle are steering wheel

pads, steering shaft, steering box, steering arm and

steering stabilizers. These parts are made of durable

materials like stainless steel, iron, aluminium,

copper, magnesium, etc.

The first steering system was developed

centuries ago.

The concept of steering system first comes

from horse driven buggies.

At that time the buggy was steered by pulling

the reins of the horse, causing the horse to

pull the buggy into turn.

The front axle pivoted on a pin that allowed

the front wheel to turn in the desired

direction.

A rod and lever were attached to the middle of the axle to assist the driver in turning and holding the front wheel straight.

But this type of steering system was not very successful because it is straight to the wheels

In early 1800’s Rudolf Ackerman designed a steering system that incorporated angled steering arm and knuckles. This allows both front wheels to turn their own path

STEERING

MANUAL

RACK & PINONWORM & ROLLER

POWER

HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL

STEERING WHEEL :- A wheel turned by the driver of

a motor vehicle, ship, etc, when he or she wants to change

the direction of the vehicle or ship.

STEERING COLUMN :- A shaft connecting the

steering wheel to the steering gear assembly. It is also

called steering shaft

STEERING GRAR :- The gear mounted on the lower

end of the steering column, that are used to multiply the

driver turning force. It converts the rotary motion of the

steering wheel into the straight line motion.

STEERING LINKAGE :- The system that connects the

steering wheel to the front wheel and allows the wheel to

change direction in response to command from driver.

PINION GEAR :- Rotated by the steering wheel

and steering shaft, it’s teeth mesh with the teeth on

the rack.

RACK :- Long steel bar with the teeth along one

section, slides sideways as the pinion gear turns.

GEAR HOUSING :-It Holds the pinion gear and rack.

TIE RODS :- Connects the rack with the steering

Knuckle.

PITMAN ARM :- Transfers gearbox motion to the

steering linkage.

Pitman arm is splinted to the gearbox

CENTER LINK ROD(RELAY ROD) :-Steel bar connects

right and left side of steering linkage.

Connects to pitman arm, tie rod and idler arm.

IDLER ARM :- Supports the end of the Centre link on the

passenger side of the Vehicle.

Bolts to the vehicle frame.

TIE ROD ASSEMBLIES :- Two tie rods assemblies are used

to fasten the centre link to steering knuckles.

Assembly is consist of inner tie-rod end,

Outer tie-rod end, and a toe adjustment

Sleeve.

An automobile steering system in which the

engine’s power is used to supplement the driver’s

effort in turning the steering wheel.

The first power steering system on an automobile

was apparently installed in 1876 by a man with the

surname of FITTS. Next power steering system was

put on a Columbia 5-ton truck in 1903

There are two types of power steering

1 Electric power steering

2 Hydraulic power steering

Power steering greatly reduces the effort

needed to turn the wheels of a car especially

with front drive cars, the extra weight and

effort can be too much for many drivers.

Although not a major concern at highways

speeds, low speed turning and manoeuvring

are much easier to do. Most power steering

systems provide less and less boost the faster

you go.

Electric power steering uses the electric

motor to assist the driver of a vehicle. Sensors

detect the position

and torque of the

steering column and

computer module

applies assistive

torque via the motor,

which connects to either

the steering gear or steering column.

Most power steering systems work by using a

hydraulic system to steer the vehicle’s wheels.

The hydraulic pressure

typically comes from a

rotary vane pump driven

by the vehicle’s engine.

A double acting

hydraulic cylinder

applies a force to steering

gear which in turn

steer the road wheel. The steering wheel

operates valve to control flow to the cylinder.