Steering Gear GME

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Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy

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Anglo-Eastern Maritime AcademyAnglo-Eastern Maritime Academy

Steering GearGME

ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012




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Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy2

Contents

The force on the Rudder

The Rudder Moment or Turning Moment of the ship

Torque on Rudder Stock

Rudder TypesBalanced & Unbalanced RuddersSteering Gear BasicsSteering Gear - Rudder Stock, Tiller4 RAM Steering Gear Circuit2 Ram Steering Gear CircuitServo Controlled Axial Variable Delivery Pump4 RAM Steering Gear Dubai Express 4 RAM Steering Gear 4 RAM Steering Gear movement videoPiston Cylinder type Steering Gear Rotary Vane Steering GearM.T. Atlantic Hope Steering Gear

ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012




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Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy3ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012

The force on the Rudder

Contents

Magnitude of the ForceF = KAV2, WhereK = 570 to 610 based on rudder designA is the area of the rudderV is the speed of water flowing past the rudder, due either

Ship’s speedCurrentPropeller wash

Point of action of the force - Center of Pressureis at distance x from leading edge, wherex = 0.195 + 0.305 Sin θ, where θ = Rudder angle




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Rudder Moment or Turning Moment

Contents




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Torque on Rudder Stock

Contents

The torque on the rudder stock T = F Sin θ × distance “x”




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Balancing of Rudder

Contents




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Rudder (Turning) Moment and Torque on Rudder Stock

Contents

F = KAV2 (K=570 to 610 based on rudder design)X = 0.195 + 0.305 Sinθ

The rudder area is about 1/60 to 1/70 of ships L × DepthAspect Ratio of Rudder = Breadth / DepthLower aspect ratio preferred if no limitations to depthWith higher aspect ratio, more distance needed ahead of rudder to achieve balanceSemi balanced rudder is a compromise if balanced cannot be achieved due,

1. Limitations in depth2. Limitations in distance between propeller and rudder leading edge




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Balanced & Unbalanced Rudders

Contents

Angle of balance is the angle of rudder at which, there is no torque on the rudder stock. The rudder will remain at

angle of balance without application of torque by steering gear.

Balanced Rudder20 – 37 % of area forward of turning axisThere is an angle of balanceTorque at 35 Deg is reduced

Unbalanced RudderNo area forward of turning axisThere is NO angle of balanceTorque at 35 Deg is high

Semi Balanced RudderLess than 20 % area forward of turning axisThere is NO angle of balanceTorque at 35 Deg is less than unbalanced

A is the vertical turning axis of rudder.Top fig is Balanced rudderBottom fig is Un balanced rudder




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Rudder Types

Contents

Spade Rudder Rudder on a Horn Rudder with Skeg support




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Steering Gear Basics

Contents

Main Steering GearUsually consists of two identical power units

Auxiliary Steering GearNeed not be fitted if main has two power units

Performance requirement of main steering gear35 to 30 degrees movement of rudder in 28 secs with ship at service speed and design

draught, with all power systems in operation (for cargo ships)

Components of Electro Hydraulic Steering gear system1. The Power Unit

Electro Hydraulic (Fixed OR Variable Delivery Pumps)2. The Actuator

Ram & CylinderPiston & CylinderRotary Vane (Component no: 3 below is not required for this type)

3. The tiller and rudder stock4. The control system

Electric / Electronic control systemElectro Hydraulic control systemHydraulic control system




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Steering Gear - Rudder Stock, Tiller

Contents




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4 RAM Steering Gear CircuitMeeting SOLAS requirement for tankers above 1,00,000 DWT

Contents

A – Directional Control v/vB – Bypass v/vC – Isolating v/vD – Relief v/v




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2 RAM Steering Gear Circuit

Contents

A – Directional Control v/vB – Bypass v/vC – Isolating v/vD – Relief v/v




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Servo Controlled Axial Variable Delivery Pump

Contents




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4 RAM Steering Gear

Contents




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X Head Type

Contents




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Dubai Express 4 RAM Steering Gear

Contents




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4 RAM Steering Gear movement video

Contents




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Piston Cylinder type Steering Gear

Contents




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Rotary Vane Steering Gear

Contents

Black – Rudder stockDark Green – Rotor and Moving VanesPink – Stator and Fixed VanesPressure to Dark Blue line & Light Blue Spaces will cause clockwise rotationPressure to Dark Green line & Light Green Spaces will cause anti clockwise rotation




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M.T. Atlantic HopeRotary Vane Actuator Power Units & Hydraulic tank

Contents




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Movement Reversal by Directional Control v/v

Contents




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Pilot Solenoid Operated Direction Control v/v

Contents




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Contents

Steering Gear GME

Documents

rudder angle

angle of rudder

rudder area

rudder moment

rudder stockcontentsf

rudder designa

rudder designx

balancesemi balanced