Iron ore The range of input values differ according to route Ironmaking Steelmaking Semi- finished products Hot-rolled products Long Products Flat Products Finishing operations Limestone Coal Scrap Alternative fuels Natural gas Billets Blooms Slabs worldsteel.org Co-products and their uses Please note: This diagram aims to show steelmaking today. This diagram does not feature the new input materials and processes that are being developed and will dramatically change how we make steel in the next 30 years as we transition to the low carbon economy. 1 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 Input raw materials Raw materials preparation Rails Cold rolling Metal coating Painting Structural shapes Welded / seamless tubes Wire rods Bars Rebar Coils Plate Steel applications The steelmaking process Two main routes OUTPUT PRODUCTS Direct reduction of iron ore Blast furnace Sinter plant / Pellet plant Coke oven Refining Continuous casting Electric arc furnace Electricity Oxygen Basic oxygen furnace Supplementary heating fuels Wind turbines Buildings and factories Packaging Ships and containers Motor vehicles Plant / Machinery Bridges Medical equipment White goods Metal products Rail tracks and trains Solar panels Pipes Furniture Internal use as reducing agents Cement for road construction Paving stones for hydraulic engineering Sea forestation Fertilisers and soil improvement Internal and external use of iron and alloying elements Use as input material for the chemical industry Carbon capture and utilisation Slag Dust and sludge Chemicals Emulsions and used oils Process gases Heat and electricity