Steel Structure 2015 Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

Construction & Steel StructureNovember 16-18, 2015 Dubai, UAE

World Congress and Exhibition on

OMICS International Conference

Steel Structure 2015Page 31

Scientific Tracks & Abstracts(Day 1)

Page 33

Steel Structure 2015November 16-18, 2015

Notes:

Volume 5 Issue 5J Civil Environ Eng 2015

ISSN: 2165-784X, JCEE an open access journal

November 16-18, 2015 Dubai, UAE


Construction & Steel StructureEstimating seismic demands for performance-based engineering of steel buildingsJuan C ReyesUniversidad de los Andes, Colombia

Earthquake engineering practice is increasingly using performance-based procedures for evaluating existing buildings and proposed designs of new buildings. Both nonlinear static and nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) are used for

estimating engineering demand parameters (EDPs) in performance-based engineering of steel buildings. Topics related to both analysis procedures are investigated in this paper. In the first part, the original modal pushover analysis (MPA) to estimate seismic demands due to one component of ground motion is extended to consider two horizontal components simultaneously in three-dimensional analysis of steel buildings. Subsequently, seismic demands are computed for six unsymmetrical-plan steel buildings designed in accordance with the 1985 Uniform Building Code (UBC85) and the 2006 International Building Code (IBC06) due to 39 ground motions acting simultaneously in two orthogonal horizontal directions. Comparing these results with those from nonlinear RHA, we demonstrate that MPA provides good estimates of EDPs whereas the procedures specified in the ASCE/SEI 41-13 standard and the Euro-code 8 are not satisfactory for estimating seismic demands for unsymmetrical-plan buildings. The second part of this paper concerns nonlinear response history analysis of buildings. With the goal of developing effective procedures for selection and scaling of multi-component ground motions to be used in nonlinear RHA, a modal-pushover-based-scaling (MPS) procedure is developed in this investigation. Based on the results for medium-rise symmetric-plan and unsymmetrical-plan buildings with ductile steel frames, we demonstrate that the MPS procedure provides much superior results than the scaling procedure specified in the ASCE/SEI 7-10 standard.

BiographyJuan C Reyes has completed his PhD from University of California, Berkeley. He is an Associate Professor and the Director of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Laboratories at Universidad de los Andes, Colombia, a top South American university. He has published more than 10 papers in ISI indexed journals and is involved in various international associations and research groups.

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Juan C Reyes, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureTowards the design of super columnsAbdul Qader S Al-NajmiJordan University School of Engineering, Jordan

Tubular columns with welded U links to their walls and filled with concrete can sustain large loads. The axial capacity exceeds the sum of the yielding strength of the steel shell plus the crushing strength of concrete. The method of connecting

the two structural materials brings the level of confinement of concrete to values never reached before. The concrete strength is increased by more than 100%. However the central result of this type of design is the huge compressive strains attained; such strains are well outside the plastic strains of steel and exceed 10 times the concrete crushing strain. The resulting integrity of the cross section goes beyond preventing local buckling of steel shell to sustaining loads up to the failure which is characterized by the plastic buckling of the steel tube and not by the crushing of the concrete. Concrete does not fail; in fact the concrete deforms inside the buckled steel shell depicting its exact shape with no sign of any form of cracking in its final shape.

BiographyAbdul Qader S Al-Najmi has completed his PhD from the Victoria University of Manchester. He is currently Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Jordan. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.

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Abdul Qader S Al-Najmi, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureCFRP strengthening and rehabilitation of corroded steel pipelines under direct indentationMohamed Elchalakani1, Tarek Alkhrdaji2 and Chris Hill21Dubai Men’s College, UAE 2Structural Middle East, UAE

To rehabilitate damaged or sub-standard steel pipelines, techniques using the lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance of carbon fibers reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites have been proposed. This paper presents experimental

results for two series of CFRP strengthened and rehabilitated pipes under quasi-static large deformation 3-point bending. The main parameters examined in this paper were the corrosion penetration in the wall thickness, and its extent along the pipe, and the type and number of the CFRP sheets. The corrosion was artificially induced 3600 around the circumference and in the wall thickness by machining where four different severity of corrosion were examined of 20% (mild), 40% (moderate), 60% (sever), and 80% (very sever). The first series was for rehabilitation of 31 artificially degraded pipes with limited corrosion repaired using externally wrapped sheets. The extent of corrosion along the pipeline was in the range of Lc/Dn=1.0 to 3.0, where Lc is the length of corrosion and Dn is the nominal diameter of the pipe. The second series represents rehabilitation of 12 degraded pipes with full corrosion along the length of the pipe. The extent of corrosion along the pipeline in this series was Lc/Dn=8.0. The section slenderness examined in this paper was in the range of D0/t=20.32 to 93.6. The results show that the combined flexural and bearing strength of the pipe can be significantly increased by adhesively bonding CFRP. The percent increase in strength was mostly affected by the corrosion level where the maximum gain was 43.4% which was obtained for the most severe 80% corrosion in the wall thickness. The average increase in the load carrying capacity was 97% and 169% for the rehabilitation and strengthening series, respectively.

BiographyMohamed Elchalakani holds PhD from Monash University in Structural Engineering. He has been a Civil Engineering Faculty at the Higher College of Technology (HCT) since August 2007. He has published over 60 peer-reviewed technical papers on these topics. He has received several awards, including the Holman Medal and the Hunt Award for excellence in Research in Engineering in Melbourne Australia in 2004. He is included in the 7th Edition of “Marquis Who’s Who in Science and Engineering”. He is also a Registered Professional Engineer in Australia and a Registered Building Practitioner and also Registered in the National Professional Engineer Register in both Australia and Egypt.

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Mohamed Elchalakani et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureCompressive Strength of Concrete-filled thin steel stubs:Theoretical and experimental StudyJahid ZeghicheUniversity of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

This paper suggests a practical method for predicting the strength of thin steel and composite concrete-filled stubs under compressive loading. Based on predefined strengths of steel and concrete gathered from literature data survey, the strength

of steel or composite stub section is evaluated as a function of B/T ratio of the studied section and the loading mode. The method was validated using experimental results obtained in this investigation and from literature. The main studied parameters were: the steel cross section slenderness B/T which varied from 20 to 100 and two loading modes: composite loading where steel and concrete are loaded and by loading concrete core. Ordinary steel and concrete were used. Good agreement was obtained between theoretical and experimental results. Composite stubs with composite loading mode had a global strength index close to 1. Which means better performance as the composite action delayed local buckling that took place in most tested empty steel stubs. Loading the concrete core gave more ductile behavior but lower strength. This is explained by the restraining feature offered by the steel wall which puts the concrete core in a tri-axial stress state. By comparing theoretical, experimental and EC prediction it was found that the EC3 ceases to predict at a B/T ratio of 33 for steel hollow stubs and 25 for I shaped steel stubs. EC4 prediction was in good agreement with theoretical and experimental results up to B/T ratio of 100 for composite stubs.

BiographyJahid Zeghiche is an Associate Professor at Civil Engineering Department, University of Al-Baha, KSA. He was Head of Civil Eng. Dept. at Annaba University, Algeria since 1989 he teaches steel structures and conducted many research work in the field of composite steel and concrete columns. He published many articles in established journals. He supervised many Thesis for the degree of Master and Doctorate. He got a long experience in directing many Design Offices in the city of Annaba, Algeria. He is an active person to promote the use of composite structures to overcome many seismic problems in Algeria. He temporally teaches at Al-Baha University, since 2008.

[email protected]

Jahid Zeghiche, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureEco-Con, the environmental impact evaluation and testing of sustainable inorganic binders: A green alternative to ordinary Portland cementBeste CubukcuogluAntalya International University, Turkey

Due to the current increase in environmental awareness and hence the need for sustainable development, it is important to introduce more environmental and sustainable construction materials into the construction industry. Sustainable

construction materials should not only be environmental friendly but also provide high level of safety and cost effectiveness over the long term. Sustainable construction materials should be proposed and introduced into the construction industry mostly to replace cement. Cement is one of the most commonly used construction materials with very high carbon emissions. Therefore, this study focuses on the sustainable alternative constituents to cement. Low grade magnesium oxide (LGMgO), pulverized fuel ash, steel slag and hydrated lime are the materials proposed as cement replacement. The physical and chemical characteristics of materials in discussion are investigated and the results are demonstrated in this study. Accordingly, LGMgO and steel slag are found to be an effective cement replacement material at different ratios. LGMgO and steel slag both have similar hydration characteristics as cement. Strength development continues at longer curing ages and LGMgO is reactive enough when in contact with water to produce hydration reactions and products that are required for strength development. The compressive strength development of LGMgO and steel slag is promising that these materials can replace cement and be effectively used in many civil engineering applications. The findings highlighted the environmental and economic potential of replacing cement and other binding materials with LGMgO and steel slag.

BiographyBeste Cubukcuoglu has completed her PhD in year 2012 at University of Surrey, UK. She is currently working at Antalya International University as the coordinator of Civil Engineering Department ERASMUS exchange program and full time Lecturer. She has written a number of papers, exhibited many posters and held a number of presentations about her research findings at various conferences worldwide. She has been serving as an Editorial Board Member and experienced reviewer of many reputed journals.

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Beste Cubukcuoglu, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureBuckling capacity of pre-twisted steel columns: Experiments and finite element studyFarid Abed and Mai MegahedAmerican University of Sharjah, UAE

Buckling is a mode of failure that is mainly observed in compression members due to structural instability. Inducing a natural pre-twist along the length of a column section makes the column have a different resistance at every point along its centroidal

axis. A pre-twisted column in 3D-space has its strong flexural plane weakened and its weak flexural plane strengthened, leading to a net favorable effect on the buckling strength of the pre-twisted column. The proposed research focuses on studying the effect of pre-twisting on the buckling capacity of steel columns. Experimental and numerical investigations of pre-twisted steel columns with different slenderness ratios were carried out. Linear perturbation analysis was conducted for several universal column cross-sections for various lengths, a set of pre-twisting angles ranging 0°-180° and different boundary conditions. A number of pre-twisted columns were then tested to examine the elastic and inelastic behavior of one of the universal steel columns. The experimental results were utilized to verify and develop a set of non-linear finite element models including the material and geometric non-linearities. The FE models were utilized to conduct a parametric study including several more lengths and twisting angles. It was found that pre-twisting is most effective with elastic buckling since it is mainly controlled by the moment of inertia of the column in opposition to inelastic buckling which is additionally affected by material yielding. It was also noticed that fixed-ended conditions ensured better buckling capacity improvement as compared to pinned-ended columns in both elastic and inelastic zones.

BiographyFarid Abed is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at the American University of Sharjah, UAE. He earned his PhD in 2005 in Structures/Mechanics from Louisiana State University (LSU), USA. He taught for three years in the area of structures at Bradley University and LSU. He has more than four years of industrial experience working as a Civil Engineer in the Middle East. He has published more than 40 peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings. His research interests include computational solids and structural mechanics, advanced structural analysis, advanced mechanics of materials, composite materials and non-linear finite element analysis.

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Farid Abed et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureFurther tests on thin steel and composite fabricated stubsJahid ZeghicheAl-Baha University, KSA

Results of tests conducted on thin cold fabricated steel-concrete stubs are presented. The studied sections were made of two cold formed steel plates with U shape welded to form a steel box or an I-shaped steel section. The steel cross section

dimensions were: 100×70×2. mm. The main studied parameters were: The stub height, the welding fillet nature and its location, the steel cross section shape, the in-fill concrete and its age. A total of 48 stubs were tested, 22 empty and 26 filled with concrete that gravel made of crushed slag from blast furnace as natural gravel substitution. All failure loads were predicted numerically using ABACUS and by Euro codes EC3 and EC4 for steel and composite respectively. From test results it was confirmed that the discontinuous welding fillet for empty stubs had a drastic effect on the load carrying capacity and the failure mode was rather a premature local buckling mode. I-shaped steel stubs had higher compression strength a lower load decrease rate compared to rectangular steel stubs. Providing rectangular steel stubs with continuous welding on mid-depth improved the load carrying capacity for rectangular empty steel and composite stubs. Meanwhile the age of concrete at 3 years enhanced considerably the performance of rectangular composite stubs with discontinuous welding. Both numerical and test results were in good agreement whereas EC3 and EC4 predictions were not conservative.

BiographyJahid Zeghiche is an Associate Professor at Civil Engineering Department, University of Al-Baha, KSA. He was the Head of Civil Engineering Department at Annaba University, Algeria. Since 1989 he teaches steel structures and conducted many research work in the field of composite steel and concrete columns. He has published many articles in established journals. He has supervised many theses for the degree of Master and Doctorate. He had a long experience in directing many Design Offices in the city of Annaba, Algeria. He is an active person to promote the use of composite structures to overcome many seismic problems in Algeria. He temporally teaches at Al-Baha University, since 2008.

[email protected]

Jahid Zeghiche, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureBuckling load and effective length of web tapered built-up columns in pre-engineered steel buildingsRamesh Meghrajani and R K IngleVisvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India

Stability design requirements of structure and its elements emphasize to consider P-Δ and P-δ effects in structural analysis or use second order analysis. It is imperative for frames with web tapered built up columns, to assess for buckling load, Pcr.

This paper presents two methods for calculation of buckling load, Pcr, for columns with web-tapered I-sections with both ends pinned and with one end fixed (base) while other free (top) having symmetric taper on both sides of vertical axis. This has been extended to columns with taper only on one side. These methods, namely buckling load factor method and effective length factor method, offer simple and direct equations. Equations are derived by analyzing results columns with various tapered columns and verified by SAP2000. Buckling load factors, Rppin and Rpfix are used for ratio of buckling load of tapered column to Euler buckling load of prismatic column with section properties at base respectively. Ri term is used for ratio of moment of inertia at top to moment of inertia at base. It is shown that buckling load factor is independent of height. Equation for relation between buckling load factors for fixed base case and pinned end case is also derived.

BiographyRamesh Meghrajani is a Research Scholar at VNIT, Nagpur, India. He is CEO of Neo Infraservices Pvt. Ltd., a structural consultancy organization in field of PEB buildings.

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Ramesh Meghrajani et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureStructural steel connection design between the structural consultant and the steel fabricatorMagdi A KhalifaAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

The current common practice in structural steel industry is that the structural consultant analyzes the structure using the applicable load combinations and then size up the members for strength and serviceability. In most cases, the design of

connections is left for the steel fabricator, who might be as well the erector of the structure. The connection design by the fabricator must be approved by the consultant after reviewing. Collaboration between the structural consultant and the steel fabricator/erector during the design process might facilitate and enhance the connection design process. Understanding the fabrication and the erection processes of the structure will allow the development of a structural system that can avoid certain types of connections. The type of the structure, its location with respect to the fabrication yard, the craneage capability, and the erection sequence may control the number and the type of connections required. Complicated connections increase the time and the cost of the fabrication as well as the erection process. In this paper, different steel connection issues will be presented and discussed. These issues are usually encountered in the design-fabrication-erection cycle of steel structures. Optimization of the process to avoid these issues will also be discussed.

BiographyMagdi A Khalifa received his PhD in Structural Mechanics and Structural Engineering from the University of Southern California, USA, 1991. He has more than 30 years of experience in Structural Engineering and Structural Education. He just finished his term as an Associate Professor at Abu Dhabi University. Previously he served at University of Gezira-Sudan, California State University- Fresno, USA. United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE, and University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA. He had worked as the Design Manager at Cleveland Bridge & Engineering in Dubai. He also worked as Structural Engineer for consulting firms in California, Massachusetts, USA, UAE and Sudan.

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Magdi A Khalifa, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002






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Construction & Steel StructureDecision support for project prioritization in A/E/C industryTarek MahfouzBall State University, USA

Project prioritization is a dilemma that faces all parties of the construction industry. At a time when the nations’ economies and infrastructures are in dire need for effective management practices to address their maintenance, the architecture/

engineering/construction (A/E/C) industry is in an escalating trend of efficiency loss. For owners, including governments, assessing high and low priority projects, while the need for essential services grows and project complexity increases, is overwhelming. It is often driven by limited budgets and they are frequently made with little economic, engineering, and/or operational rationale. It is the responsibility of the A/E/C professionals to facilitate decision making processes to guarantee the continued success of the industry. In an attempt to mitigate this drawback, researchers from the academic and professional domains have addressed this issue. These included airfield pavement rehabilitation, risk factors in PPP infrastructure, best management practices, among others. These advancements have been very field specific due to type of project, nature of evaluator, and/or parameter of consideration. To assist decision making for multi-criteria projects, a five stepped robust methodology- build on weighted criteria, transparency, shareholder objectives, consistency, and goal alignment- is provided. The aforementioned methodology is augmented with automated decision support tool through the use of machine learning (ML) and information retrieval techniques. It has been proven to be successful in healthcare, automotive, and higher education projects. The proposed methodology is instigated to provide a better understanding of decision consequences as well as time and cost savings.

BiographyTarek Mahfouz has earned a PhD in Civil Engineering with a specialization in Construction Engineering and Management from Iowa State University. He is an Associate Professor of Construction Management at Ball State University. His expertise is in the areas of knowledge management, machine learning, decision support, intelligent information modeling and statistical modeling, among others. He has over 25 publications in reputable journals and conference proceedings. He has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of reputed journals. He is an Associate Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Association of Technology, Management and Applied Engineering (ATMAE).

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Tarek Mahfouz, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureUniversity leadership for advancing the steel construction industry: Regional partnerships for global impactRobert G DriverUniversity of Alberta, Canada

Informal relationships between individual steel fabrication companies and local universities are commonplace and often take the form of scholarship sponsorship or the supply of free or discounted shop labour and materials for laboratory research.

While these activities have advantages for both the participating firm and the institution to some degree, the benefits tend to be self-limiting due to their lack of vision beyond the present. For regions where steel industry technology clusters already exist (from the supply chain through to steel fabrication and erection expertise), collaborative industry partnerships with universities having strong engineering programs generate opportunities to create highly influential knowledge networks. These networks not only provide short-term benefits to the industry, but also can create strategic market growth in existing areas of expertise and establish ground-level shares in new and emerging construction markets. As the steel industry competes in a rapidly-changing construction climate, collective industry innovation, through direct links to university research programs and personnel, is the key to success and global competitiveness. The University of Alberta recently formed a unique partnership with Alberta-based steel fabricator/erectors and their direct collaborators and clients. Collective support raised has created foundational funding that can be leveraged through governmental research grants available only to universities, and this funding is most readily available when sustained industry backing is present through demonstrated cash and in-kind support. Major benefits are derived through a multiplicity of spin-offs from the core research programs, such as a better-educated regional work force and clientele due to an increase in engineers with graduate degrees specialising in steel construction. Other primary benefits include the direct involvement of the steel industry in guiding new developments in construction and fabrication technologies through research, the installment of student interns and summer employees into the sponsors’ operations for a bi-directional flow of knowledge, the creation of professional training opportunities for industry personnel through short courses and other continuing educational initiatives, and the natural promotion of the industry arising from the regular activities of the researchers.

BiographyRobert G Driver is Professor and Associate Chair of the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. He has a total of 30 years of experience in the steel fabrication industry, structural engineering consulting, applied engineering research and education, having taught structural engineering undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Canada, the United States and South Africa. He has received numerous awards for both research and teaching and is extensively involved in the development of structural design codes and standards in North America. He has published nearly 200 reports and papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings.

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Robert G Driver, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureBehaviors of flag-shaped dampers using combination of magnetic friction and rubber springsEunsoo Choi, Gyuchan Choi, Yunjeong Son and Seungmin GinHongik University, Korea

This study proposes a new concept of a smart damper using the combination of magnetic friction and rubber springs. The magnet will provide energy dissipation and the rubber springs with precompression contribute to increase recentering

capacity of the damper. To verify their performance, this study conducts dynamic tests of magnet frictional dampers and precompressed rubber springs. For the purpose, hexahedron Neodymium (NdFeB) magnets and polyurethane rubber cylinders are used. In the dynamic tests, loading frequency varies from 0.1 to 2.0 Hz. The magnets provide almost perfect rectangular behavior in force-deformation curve, and the frictional coefficient of the magnets is estimated through averaging and regression. The rubber springs re tested without or with precompression. The rubber springs show different loading path from the second cycle and remain residual deformation that is not recovered immediately. The rubber springs show larger rigid force with increasing precompression. Lastly, this study discusses combination of rigid-elastic behavior and friction to generate ‘flag-shaped’ behavior for a smart damper and suggests how to combine the magnets and the rubber springs to obtain the flag-shaped behavior. The performance of the magnets and precompressed rubber springs is verified through analytical models.

BiographyEunsoo Choi has completed his PhD from Georgia Institute of Technology. He is an Associate Professor in Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University. He has published more than 75 SCI papers in reputed journals.

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Eunsoo Choi et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureLife extension, upgrade and repair of welded structures: Towards the use of high strength steelsZuheir Barsoum1, 2

1KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden2Khalifa University, UAE

Many steel structures and installations, regardless of industry, around the world are reaching their original design life. Most of the operators chose to extend the service life of their assets rather than scrape them and/or build new. As a result of

this trend, the application of fatigue life improvement techniques and specifically High frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment has become very popular. However, the successful application of fatigue life improvement techniques must be based on the knowledge of the three main factors and their interaction affecting the endurance of welds of structural integrity concern: weld imperfections, geometrical stress concentrations and residual stresses. These three factors and their reciprocal influence are the target of any fatigue life improvement technique. Consequentially, it is only HFMI techniques which are able to tackle and/or improve these three weld features during one single working operation. The use of HFMI techniques have also lately gained attention within lightweight design, where high strength steels are used in welded structures with application of HFMI technique with promising fatigue life improvement. The current study will cover the latest development, treatment procedures specification, quality assessment and control of welds improved by HFMI techniques. Fatigue design recommendations for welded structures from plate thickness 5 to 50 mm and for yield strengths ranging from 235 MPa to 960 MPa. Finally, progress in the development of international design and operations guidelines, under the framework of the International Institute of Welding (IIW) for these collection of techniques will be discussed.

BiographyZuheir Barsoum is an Associate Professor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology where he is directing a research group on steel structures. He is a chairman within the International Institute of Welding (IIW). He has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals and international conferences and received awards for his research. He has been involved in, beside university curriculum development and teaching, in developing international vocational training program in welding and design. He is a frequently engaged consultant within the industry as an expert in structural integrity. He is currently a Visiting Associate Professor at Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi.

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Zuheir Barsoum, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureDesign and behavior of steel structures and members from constructability perspectivesM ManikandanGulf Consult, Kuwait

Nowadays the engineers still tend to optimize a structure to a minimum of weight and optimum passing stress ratios, which is only the hard criterion that is available for an engineer during the design of the structures, eventually this criterion leads

to structures that are expensive and have a poor quality and complex constructability during the executions phase. For this presentation, the 20 story steel building has been taken as an example to illustrate that the selection of adequate steel members and constructible connections, which leads to have a time reduction, high quality of the structure as a whole and within the budget. ETABS 2013 software has been used to obtain the design of the systems with adequate steel section for beams, columns and bracing members from the standard set of steel sections with grade ASTM A572 Gr50 for W sections, plates and ASTM A500 Gr-50 for tubes. A three dimensional structure is taken with 5 horizontal bays of width 8 m and 20 stories with story height 4m and Atrium up to 10th floor, where the Veirenderal system has been introduced to support the floor system above 11th floor on the Atrium, further the metal deck concrete 150 mm thick with shear studs ASTM-A108 Gr 1020 dia. 19 mm @300 on floor beams are considered as a floor slab, which also acts as a diaphragm against lateral loads. Furthermore, the vertical bracings are provided only in the peripheral corner bays to limit the drift against lateral loads such as wind 100 mph and Seismic Zone-1. Limcon-V 3.63 has been used to design the connections as per AISC-360 by considering the materials ASTM-A572 Gr 50, ASTM A490 and E70XX for plates, bolts and welds respectively.

BiographyM Manikandan is the Sr. Structural Engineer at Gulf Consult, Kuwait with responsibility for designing and construction consultation of the tall buildings, colleges, shopping complexes, multi-storied car parks, hospitals, bridges and deep underground structures. Prior to joining Gulf Consult-Kuwait, he has worked as Structural Engineer at several companies, including RECAFCO-Kuwait, Saeed Hadi Al Doosary Est, Saudi Arabia, where he has completed many precast structures and treatment plants including the deep underground structures with heavy equipment. He is pursuing PhD in Risk Management in International Construction Projects as an External Part-time Researcher with Vels University Chennai, India. He received Civil Engineering Degree from Kamraj University Madurai, India in April 2000 and MBA in Project Management from Sikkim Manipal University, India in 2012.

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M Manikandan, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureEvaluation of connection systems in modular constructionsMerve Sagiroglu1 and Memari Ali21Erzurum Technical University, Turkey2Penn State University, USA

Modular buildings are developed as an alternative to conventional on-site construction because of more predictable costs and faster construction. While the use of modular buildings is increasing rapidly and this construction system

is becoming more popular, research activities on structural components and materials used in modules, analysis and design methods and connection systems in the modular building are needed and are continuing. Modular construction aims to optimize the use of materials, while forming spaces comparable in size to conventional construction and to offer benefits of installation speed. The modules act as the primary structural system of the building, while another stabilization system such as stair or elevation core can be used as well. Modules transfer gravity loads and resist lateral loads through the module-to-module connections. Therefore, the connections must be strong enough and have inherent ductility to transfer loads from one module to another and accommodate building deformation under gravity and lateral loads. The presentation will introduce commonly used connection systems in several types of modular construction. As modular systems are seldom used in high-rise building construction and because of limitations of structural and module-to-module connection systems, they are rather used in shorter than 7-8 stories. The presentation will explore the nature of these limitations and offer suggestion for improved structural-connection systems that provide desirable levels of strength, stiffness and ductility. In particular, the presentation discusses the possibility of using distributed isolation system as one option in such solution schemes.

BiographyMerve Sagiroglu is an Assistant Professor at Erzurum Technical University, Turkey. She received her PhD in Civil Engineering in 2013, from Atatürk University in Turkey. Currently, she is pursuing Post-doctoral studies in the Architectural Engineering Department at Penn State University in the United States. She is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye, in the framework of Post-doctoral Research Scholarship Program.

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Merve Sagiroglu et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureComparison of steel and composite analysis of a multi-storey buildingCigdem Avci-KaratasYalova University Faculty of Engineering, Turkey

Turkey is well-known as a country of high level of seismicity; on the other hand steel-composite structures appear competitive today in this country by comparison with other types of structures, for example only-steel or concrete

structures. Composite construction is the dominant form of construction for the multi-storey building sector. The reason why composite construction is often so good can be expressed in one simple way - concrete is good in compression and steel is good in tension. The scope of this paper covers analysis, materials take-off, cost analysis and economic comparisons of a multi-storey building with composite and steel frames. The aim of this work is to show that designing load carrying systems as composite is more economical than designing as steel. Design of the nine stories building which is under consideration is done according to the regulation of the Turkish Earthquake Code and by using static and dynamic analysis methods. For the analyses of the steel and composite systems, plastic analysis methods have been used and whereas steel system analyses have been checked in compliance with EC3 and composite system analyses have been checked in compliance with EC4. At the end of the comparisons, it is revealed that composite load carrying systems analysis is more economical than the steel load carrying systems analysis considering the materials to be used in the load carrying system and the workmanship to be spent for this job.

BiographyCigdem Avci-Karatas received her PhD from the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Istanbul. She joined the Department of Transportation Engineering at the University of Yalova as an Assistant Professor in June 2014. Her research area focuses on structural engineering, earthquake engineering and some specific issues of steel structures. She has developed, designed, fabricated and tested metallic seismic energy dissipation device labeled as TURKBRACE-BRB in her doctoral research work. She has received in 2013, The Best PhD Thesis Award at Structural Engineering in ITU. She is a member of the Scientific Board of the World Sustainable Energy Institute.

[email protected]

Cigdem Avci-Karatas, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureAdvances on shear strength and behavior of bridge girders with steel corrugated websM F HassaneinTanta University, Egypt

This paper provides the recent advances related to the shear strength and behavior of bridge girders with steel corrugated webs. The real behavior at the juncture between the corrugated web and flanges of bridge girders is studied using elastic

bifurcation buckling analyses using ABAQUS software. The results obviously indicated that when the flanges are rigid enough (tf / tw≥3.0), the girder segments exhibit shear failure mechanisms and the realistic support condition at the juncture is nearly fixed. Hence, a new interactive shear buckling strength formula is proposed for the case of fixed juncture. The shear strength of bridge girders with corrugated webs (BGCWs) using the realistic initial imperfection amplitudes is investigated. The models are well verified using available experimental results. It is found that stocky corrugated webs cannot practically reach the yield shear strength. However, among the strengths using the proposed interactive shear buckling strength formula, the one adopting Sause and Braxtan equation is found to be the most suitable. On the other hand, the existing literature on bridge girders with steel corrugated webs (BGCWs) is focused on prismatic girders i.e., with constant depth. To the authors’ best knowledge, no work has been done on the shear stability of tapered BGCWs although they have been increasingly used in bridges in recent years. Webs in different typologies of tapered girders with steel corrugated webs are investigated. Accordingly, the critical shear buckling stress (τcr) of the corrugated webs of tapered BGCWs is evaluated and it is found that predicting τcr values for the tapered webs based on prismatic web calculations is not accurate. Therefore, critical buckling stresses for the tapered webs are proposed based on the stresses of prismatic webs, with different equation for each typology. The paper is, then, extended to investigate the non-linear shear strengths of the BGCWs. The available design shear strength formulas for prismatic girders are compared with the FE shear strengths of the tapered BGCWs. Based on these comparisons, design strengths for different tapered BGCWs cases are suggested.

BiographyMostafa Fahmi Hassanein has completed his PhD from Tanta University, Egypt. He is currently an Associate Professor of Structural Engineering at the Department of Structural Engineering at the same University. He has published 26 papers in international journals. He has served as a reviewer for different reputed journals and conferences. He was also invited to the 8th European Solid Mechanics Conference (ESMC), Graz, Austria, 2012 as an “Invited Speaker”. Recently, he has awarded the “State’s Incentive Award in the Engineering Sciences” in 2015 from the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt.

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M F Hassanein, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureCold bending steel beams: A state-of the-art engineering solution that meets industry challengesAntoine N GergessUniversity of Balamand, Lebanon

Cold bending practice in the steel bridge industry is ambiguous. AASHTO allows cold straightening and cambering, but not curving. AASHTO’s major concern is loss of fracture toughness (CVN) of the base metal and cracking of the weld

due to fatigue. Alternatively, heat curving is widely used. Controversy in heat curving appeared as a recent study by Texas DOT on the effects of bending on the ductility of flange plates showed that when heat was applied to assist in the bending operation, particularly to reduce the bending forces, bridge fabricators have, on occasion, experienced the formation of cracks in the flange plate. Moreover, results showed that for heat-assisted bending operations, strain levels above 10 percent reduced the ductility and fracture toughness of the plate. Such controversy and unjustified reluctance for adopting cold bending for curving has jeopardized steel’s competitive advantage in curved bridge applications, especially High Performance Steel (HPS) which demonstrates a high yield strength, high toughness and high formability in cold bending. An urgent need was therefore identified by steel fabricators to use cold bending for curving for efficiency, economy and time saving. A simple, versatile and cost-effective proprietary cold curving process was developed for this purpose and systematized by deriving closed-form solution that relate bending loads to curvatures. Its applicability and accuracy were verified based on comparisons with experimental results from a full-scale test girder. Visual inspection did not identify any localized damages, signs of distress or fracture which prove the legitimacy of cold bending within certain strain limits.

BiographyAntoine N Gergess has completed his PhD from the University of South Florida, Tampa, USA. Currently, he is the Dean of students and Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Balamand, Lebanon and consultant for bridge design and construction in the UAE. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and serves as the Secretary for the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Lebanon Group. He is a licensed professional engineer in Florida and Lebanon, an ASCE fellow and the recipient of the ASCE South Florida Section “Young Engineer” Award (1991).

[email protected]

Antoine N Gergess, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureExperimental investigation of moment-rotation curves of end-plate connection using sinusoidal beamMerve Sagiroglu2, Aydin Cuneyt1, Maali Mahyar1 and Kilic Mahmut11Ataturk University, Turkey2Erzurum Technical University, Turkey

A structural engineer aims to optimize dimensions of the buildings in order to obtain the frames have high moment resistance with reduced weight. The pre-stressed composite girders or high-strength steel can be used for this purpose.

Another way to provide the optimum solution is to make some changes in the shape of beams. Beam-to-column connections play an important role in behavior of steel frames. To model the behavior of connections, the moment-rotation curve must be used. Full-scale experiment is carried out to obtain real moment-rotation characteristics of connections. The rotation and moment are determined by using displacements of the beam connections in the experiments. The designed connections form moment-rotation curves according to the elements of connection and the shape of placement. That is, the moment and rotation is dependent on the geometric parameters of the elements used in the connection. A new beam model called sinusoidal beam is suggested in this study. Various experiments were carried out for four beam models; two sinus beams, one simple model and one IPE beam model. Results are compared with experiments performed with IPE profiles. It was aimed to investigate the effect of the sinus degrees in the web I beam on their moment-rotation curve. The presentation exhibit the moment-rotation curves of fixed end-plate connection made from sinusoidal beams and evaluation of the structural performance of sinusoidal beams.

BiographyMerve Sagiroglu is an Assistant Professor at Erzurum Technical University, Turkey. She received her PhD in Civil Engineering in 2013, from Atatürk University in Turkey. She completed Post-doctoral studies in Penn State University, USA in July, 2015. Her research interests include structural behavior of steel connections, modular buildings and structural analysis.

[email protected]

Merve Sagiroglu et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructurePerformance of ordinary and self compacting concrete using recycled concrete aggregatesSaid KenaiUniversity of Blida, Algeria

Construction industry consumes a lot of mineral resources and is the most energy intensive sector. In addition, it is responsible for a high percentage of green house gas emissions and hence has large environmental impact. The use of

recycled concrete aggregates from rubble and demolition waste in combination with cementitious additions could contribute to an environment friendly construction by reducing CO2 emissions and reducing the consumption of natural resources. In this paper, the performance at the fresh and hardened state of an eco-concrete (ordinary and self compacting) made of recycled concrete aggregates and either natural pouzzolana or granulated blast furnace slag is discussed. Natural aggregates were either partially or fully substituted by recycled aggregates and cement was partially substituted by either natural pouzzolana or slag. The results showed that an ordinary recycled aggregates concrete with comparable mechanical properties and durability to natural aggregates concrete could be produced. The use of recycled aggregates gives a self compacting concrete with comparable rheological properties to that of control concrete. The substitution of cement by natural pouzzolana decreases the workability of the control concrete whereas the use of slag improves it. However, an improvement has been noted for SCC made with recycled concrete aggregates.

BiographySaid Kenai is a Professor and Chairman of the Civil Engineering Research Laboratory at the University of Bilda, Algeria. He obtained his PhD from Leeds University (England) in 1988. His main interests include building materials, concrete technology, cement replacement materials, durability, non destructive testing and repair of concrete structures. He has published more than 50 papers in international journals and is serving as an Editorial Board Member of many reputed journals. He is also member of RILEM TC-ISC technical committee.

[email protected]

Said Kenai, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002






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Construction & Steel StructureSeismic resistant design of connections with the use of perforated beamsKonstantinos Daniel TsavdaridisUniversity of Leeds, UK

The 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes had destructive effects and proved that welded steel moment frames were generally prone to premature brittle failure. Studies were conducted by FEMA and the SAC Joint Venture with

reports ranging from FEMA 350 to 355F with main aim to develop reliable, practical and cost-effective design guidelines and specifications. Alternative solutions were considered (FEMA 350, EC8: Part 3) by reinforcing connections or utilizing a reduced beam section (RBS). Today, it is estimated that around 35% of steel-framed buildings incorporate long spans in excess of 12 m. In the 1990s, the cellular beam which replaced the castellated beam gained prominence. Cellular beams are now estimated to have an 80% share of the long span beams in the UK market. There has been a lot of research on perforated beam webs with the geometry of the perforation ranging from circular, elongated, to elliptically-based shapes. However, very limited research has been found up to date regarding the design limitations of seismic resistant connections when such perforated beams are used. Recent research has come up with the development of a new technique, which is consisted by the engagement of the RBS and the use of perforated beams. It is concluded that the design of reduced web section (RWS) connections should be based on the articulate decision of the first opening’s distance as well as the use of large isolated perforations as an effective way of improving the behavior of connections enhancing their ductility, rotational capacity and energy dissipation capacity.

BiographyKonstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis is the Director of the research group who focuses on steel and steel-concrete composite structures at the University of Leeds. He holds a MEng from City University London and an MSc (DIC) from Imperial College, London. His research expertise is in structural product development that embraces resilience and sustainability particularly the development of innovative structural systems and members, and testing large-full scale structures. He has published more than 60 scientific articles, journal publications, technical reports and international conference papers. He is a member of ASCE, Professional Chartered Civil Engineer and registered at the European Federation of National Engineering Associations.

[email protected]

Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureRethinking the application of engineering: Structural analysis of economic impact risk propagation in infrastructuresAlbert OwusuBana Consulting Engineers, Australia

Engineers are not only designing structures. They are developing technologies that have the capacity to enable tremendous progress; whether it is practical structures for services, or the movement of goods, or the creation of transportation

systems, to strengthening economic prosperity. Engineering fosters a plethora of methods and concepts that can be applied beyond conventional thinking. My presentation will illustrate application of two integral structural analysis methods; Moment Distribution and the Stiffness Matrix methods, to analyze the impact of risk in the economic sector. It will exhibit how Moment Distribution and the Stiffness Matrix Methods in Structural Analysis are used to analyze impact risk in a network of infrastructures. The idea originates from considering ‘infrastructures’ as a network of physical assets, all connected, similar to a skeletal framed structure. This presentation introduces the term ‘vulnerability coefficients,’ which are analogous to stiffness coefficients and used to convey the impact of risk to dependent others. An analogous comparison is made between structural parameters and economic variables in order to explain this concept. A Vulnerability Coefficient Method (VCM) computes impact risk propagation due to interdependency and then converges to the widely cited Wassily Leontief ’s Economic Model. An example showing impact risk propagation will be provided to verify and demonstrate the application. Through this concept, the inevitable ripple effects of economic turmoil can be managed. Engineers have the opportunity to impart their knowledge to benefit other disciplines. A disruption or threat to economic stability has cascading effects in the infrastructure network system and engineers have the capacity to implement fast, powerful and effective solutions. This can benefit management of disruptions on a local and global scale. There is immense promise for improvement of the economic sector embedded within engineering methods, and engineers must not continue to limit their capabilities.

BiographyAlbert Owusu is a Senior Consultant in Construction & Structures. He specializes in Construction Projects Management. He has worked as a Structural Engineer on Civil Infrastructure Projects and their construction for several years in different countries including New Zealand and Australia. His research interests are in structural modeling, risk impact assessment on network of infrastructures. More specifically, his research work has examined the expected impact risk from climate change on critical infrastructures and its interdependencies, natural and manmade disasters and their ripple effects to interdependent national economics.

[email protected]

Albert Owusu, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureRole of composite joints on the performance of steel-framed buildings in fireKhalifa S Al-JabriSultan Qaboos University, Oman

All structural members exposed to fire heat up, but the rate of temperature rise in each member is different. Joints in a steel-framed building tend to heat up slower than the material within the span of the beam because of the presence of

additional materials (bolts, plates, angles, etc.) and due to their shielded location (i.e. usually beneath a composite floor). EN 1993-1-2:2005 suggests temperatures at joints of between 62% and 88% of that in the beam lower flange temperature at mid-span. The design guidelines presented in the current codes of practice for the design of steel-framed buildings in fire conditions are based on results of isolated member tests carried out in a laboratory that followed a prescribed standard fire curve. The laboratory testing conditions were obviously different from the real situation wherein the structure is subjected to natural fires. It has been known for many years, from observations of accidental fires, that structural members behave better in fire when they constitute part of a structural arrangement than when they are tested in isolation. These observations have been confirmed by results from experimental fire tests conducted on full-scale multi-story steel-framed buildings. It has been demonstrated that members that form part of the structure can withstand much higher temperatures than those tested singly due to the ability of the joints to resist the effect of fire and re-distribute the forces to the adjacent cold resign in the vicinity of the affected areas. Also, the restraint to thermal expansion by other connected members has significant influence on fire resistance of steel-framed buildings. This has raised doubts concerning the conservative design approaches provided by current fire engineering design codes. The attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York on 11 September 2001 has prompted close examination of the way in which buildings can fail in fires and has brought into the public eye the hazards that fires can pose to major building structures. This paper examines the effects of fires on multi-story steel-framed buildings and the role of composite joints in enhancing their fire resistance. This provides vital knowledge of the behavior of real buildings and will allow for the construction of safer buildings in the future.

BiographyKhalifa S Al-Jabri obtained his PhD in Structural Fire Engineering from Sheffield University, UK in 2000. He is currently Professor and Head of the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering at Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. He published more than 110 papers in international journals and conferences. His main research interests are behavior of structures in fire, use of waste materials in Civil Engineering applications and Seismic Hazard Assessment. He is peer reviewer in more than 30 journals and is also the Editorial Board Member of several journals such as Structural Fire Engineering Journal.

[email protected]@gmail.com

Khalifa S Al-Jabri, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureFinite element modeling of the seismic behavior and fracture of concentric bracesMadhar HaddadUnited Arab Emirates University School of Engineering, UAE

In steel construction, hollow structural steel (HSS) sections are frequently used as concentric bracing members in framed structures to resist seismic excitations. The prediction of the fracture life of the HSS tubes is still a concern, despite four

decades of cyclic testing and numerical modeling. That work has however, led to stringent limits on the width-to-thickness ratio as in the AISC 2010 seismic provisions. High local strains develop in HSS bracing members because of the geometric nature of the local buckling at the mid-length plastic hinge that leads to severe local rotation with high cyclic strain demand. Thus, brace fracture occurs at smaller inelastic deformation for HSS members than for wide flanges when all other factors are identical. Wide flange (WF) sections could represent an attractive alternative to HSS sections as bracing members. The slight increase in cost per ton of columns and the low compressive resistance of WF braces could be justified by an improved fracture life expectancy and better control in terms of expected strength compared to HSS tubes. In addition, there is the possibility of using the WF braces in opposing pairs in frames. The high over-strength value of HSS bracing members is unfavorable and could lead to fracture in the connection if not taken into account as seen in several earthquakes. Finite element modeling is presented here to predict cracking and fracture life of bracing members under different applied cyclic loadings. It is shown that the fracture life predicted from finite element analysis agrees well with experimental results.

BiographyMadhar Haddad completed his PhD at The University of Calgary and engaged in Post-doctoral studies at the Schools of Engineering at The University of Calgary and the Ecole Poly-technique of Montreal. He is an Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering at the Architectural Engineering Department of the United Arab Emirates University. He has published several papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings.

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Madhar Haddad, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureLateral Stability of Damaged Open Thin-walled Beams using Lyapunov’s Second methodPeter JikiUniversity of Agriculture, Nigeria

Lateral buckling of damaged thin-walled beams of open sections is studied in this work using Lyapunov’s direct method of stability analysis. First, a damaged stiffness reduction parameter α is calculated, following which a metric and an energy

type Lyapunov functional (function) are proposed for the solution of the stability problem. It is shown that without the use of deflectionfunctions for u, v and β in the equilibrium equations, a simple manipulation of the Eigen-value inequalities yields familiar expressions for the lateral buckling loads (moments) for simply supported and fixed beams. The lateral buckling moments obtained using this method comparewell with those in the literature using deflection functions. When the damaged parameter is applied to these expressions, the reduced lateral buckling loads or moments are obtained. Numerical examples demonstrate the application of the method proposed in the present work. It is concluded that the method is accurate and when combined the proposed load reduction parameter, the extent of damage to the beam can be obtained rapidly.

BiographyPeter Jiki studied Civil engineering in Bolton Institute of Tech (At present; University of Bolton), England and graduated in 1979. He later obtained his MSc in Structures from Cranfield Institute of Tech (At present; Cranfield University), England in 1983. He finally obtained his PhD in Civil Engineering Structures from the University of Lagos in 1997. Since 2011 he has been an Associate Professor in Civil Engineering Structures in the University of Agriculture Makurdi in Nigeria. He has many publications to his credit.

[email protected]

Peter Jiki, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureLocal failure behavior of the steel-concrete composite beam with web openings in various shapes under axial tension and uni-axial negative bendingMahesan BavanNational University of Malaysia, Malaysia

The prospects of openings on the steel section of the steel-concrete composite beam under combined uni-axial negative bending and axial tension, which may undergo early failure state, have attained slight attention in the open literature such

that this is the hypothesis of this study, which is herewith highlighted. A three dimensional numerical model for a composite beam under such combined loads was developed. The characteristic behaviors of material non-linearity, complicated interactions, load applications and boundary conditions were determined based on the nature of this particular case. A comparative study was performed to validate the accuracy of the computer solutions against the existing experimental analysis. The numerical model was then incorporated by a series of numerical analyses with a parametric study, which was the presence of openings on steel beam with different shapes, for examining the influences on the structure. The numerical results predicted provided a better understanding in the fracture behavior of the material components due to the openings with different shapes and ultimate limit behavior of the composite beam. It was found that the shapes of openings on the steel beam can affect significantly the behavior of the composite beam, which must be taken into account in the design models. Moreover, the techniques used in the development of numerical modeling are analyzed extensively in this paper.

BiographyMahesan Bavan has completed his MSc in Civil and Structural Engineering from National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. He is a Civil Engineer with twelve years of vast professional experiences in planning, designing and directing the constructions of infrastructure, utilities, geotechnical & structural projects. Currently, he is enduring the research to pursue PhD. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and international conferences.

[email protected]

Mahesan Bavan, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructurePerformance based design of cold formed steel structuresKamal M BajoriaIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, India

Thin-walled cold-formed steel (CFS) section construction has gained popularity as light weight construction with high stiffness and easy erection and installation. During earthquake, vibration causes to and fro motion which brings pinching

effect in CFS structures. The capacity of CFS structure to dissipate energy in elastic range is less and their dissipation capacities in inelastic range need to be considered. Performance based design is a more general design philosophy in which design criteria are expressed in terms of performance objectives, like lateral deflections, inter-storey drifts, element ductility, and element damage indices, when the structure is subjected to different levels of seismic hazard. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) structures and based on its performance decide which type of performance is required in a particular hazard level or seismic condition and thereafter design the structure. The goal of a performance-based design procedure is to produce structures that have predictable seismic performance under multiple levels of earthquake intensity. In order to do so, it is important that the behavior of the structures is targeted in advance, both in elastic as well as the inelastic ranges of deformation. It is very essential to understand first, the performance of CFS in seismic conditions and to evaluate the performance, various methods and analyses are required. So, different performance evaluation procedure is discussed. Performance of different CFS structures is evaluated and their suitability in different occupancy conditions is discussed. Finite element modeling is done using ABAQUS to observe the non-linear performance of CFS. Other analysis is done in SAP2000.

BiographyKamal M Bajoria has completed his PhD from Cambridge University and also Post-doctoral research at Cambridge University Department of Engineering. He is Professor of Civil Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, a premier technical university in India. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals and more than 35 papers in international conferences and has been serving as Chairman of Indian Association for Structural Rehabilitation.

[email protected]

Kamal M Bajoria, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureNumerical investigation of composite materials and structuresLmokhtar IkharrazneMohammed First University, Morocco

The main goal of the development described in this work is to provide a numerical tool that could be used to obtain approximate solutions for composite skew plate bending. This research deals with bending problems under different

loading and various support conditions. At first, it is of pivotal importance to note that despite the spread use of composite skew plates, the published literature shows an important lack of scientific works regarding these particular structures. For a better understanding of composite skew plate behavior, the present investigation was based on a simplified theoretical model, known as Kirchhoff-love model, established for thin plate analysis. The proposed numerical method uses an efficient finite difference scheme that exhibits controllable accuracy for approximations and shows excellent flexibility in handling complex geometry and boundary conditions. Particular examples of simply supported composite skew plates are discussed. Different examples involving a variety of boundary conditions are also analyzed in this paper. Highly consistent numerical solutions are obtained for skew composite plates with various skew angles. Numerical results given by our model are checked against the only existing solutions.

BiographyLmokhtar Ikharrazne is currently the Professor teaching in Civil and Environmental Engineering at National School of Applied Sciences, Al-Hoceima (ENSAH) which is affiliated with the Mohammed First University of Oujda. He has Doctorate degree in Structural Mechanics, conferred by Hassan II University of Casablanca. He is a Leader and Educational Coordinator of teaching program of Civil Engineering. He has total of 20 years experience in research and education in structural and civil engineering, applied mechanical engineering and taught structural engineering undergraduate and post-graduate courses both in the Hassan II University of Casablanca and Mohammed First University of Oujda.

[email protected]@ump.ma

Lmokhtar Ikharrazne, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureSteel versus steel-reinforced concrete bridgesYassin AL-KourK&A Beirut, Lebanon

The competition between steel and steel-reinforced concrete bridges can become very decisive when it comes to the specific prevailing geotechnical subsurface conditions and to the design criteria that can be adopted in designing a safely bridge

foundation. Heavy concrete elements that come from a steel-reinforced concrete superstructure develop tremendous stresses which will, in turn, compress the soil underneath profoundly. This results in excessive settlement that, in most cases, the bridge superstructure cannot tolerate unless a super pile foundation design has been pursed. This paper will illustrate the real benefits of selecting light bridge superstructure for waterways and viaducts and finally highlight the sustainability and more economically efficient in the long run. Case history examples, when light weight steel bridge structures were favored over heavy steel concrete structure system, will be presented. This paper will conclude with recommendations and guidelines for structural bridge designers to use in their rules of preference when it comes to selecting the of bridge structural type for waterways and viaducts structural system.

BiographyYassin AL-Kour is a Senior Geotechnical Engineer in K&A Lebanon. He is the member of Professional Societies Order of Syrian Engineers (OSE), Member of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), Syrian Soil of Mechanics Society (SSMS) and also Syrian Society of US Graduates (SSUSG).He has 25 years of experience in the geotechnical engineering domain.

[email protected]

Yassin AL-Kour, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002





Young Research Forum(Day 3)

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Construction & Steel StructureA comparative assessment of probabilistic seismic hazard for pseudo-negative stiffness control of a steel base-isolated buildingWei Gong and Shi-shu XiongHuazhong University of Science and Technology, China

Pseudo-negative stiffness (PNS) control is a semi-active control scheme that is aimed to track a negative-stiffness hysteretic loop. It is regarded as one of the most promising control schemes for vibration reduction. However, its effectiveness was

demonstrated only by a few individual seismic records. In view of the variability of seismic characteristics, a more systematic investigation is needed for it. Using the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), the effects of PNS control on benchmark base-isolated building is studied. Comparisons are made between PNS control scheme and bilinear isolated scheme. The advantage of PSHA employed herein is that it allows for the consideration of effects of PNS control over various ground motions with different frequency contents or intensities. Moreover, the description of seismic responses in probabilistic format with PSHA is more explicit and scientifically complete. The spectral acceleration is selected as the seismic intensity measure and three response parameters (i.e. inter-storey drift ratio, isolation bearing deformation and floor acceleration) are considered to describe the damage associated with structure safety and structure functionality. For the particular controlled systems with nonlinear properties and thus with potential variable dynamic characteristics under different ground motions, an optimal period searching procedure is developed for the spectral acceleration calculation and hence leading to a more effective probabilistic estimation. The results of PSHA show that the PNS control scheme can achieve better performance with respect to structure safety and structure functionality than bilinear isolated scheme.

BiographyWei Gong is a Doctoral Researcher from China applying for Doctor degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. She has published 2 papers in chinese journals and several papers are about to publise. She is a younger researcher and her major research direction is seismic control of base-isolated structure.

[email protected]

Wei Gong et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureExperimental investigation of the fastening parameters influencing the interfacial behavior of composite-steel anchored lap connectionsOmnia R Abou El-Hamd, Amr M I Sweedan and Khaled M El-SawyUnited Arab Emirates University, UAE

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are extensively used in several engineering fields due to their superior properties. In structural engineering applications, fiber polymers have been recently used for retrofitting and strengthening of existing

structures. Bonded FRP-steel systems are widely used for rehabilitation purposes. However, the brittle failure at the composite-steel interface weakens those systems. This paper reports on recent experimental outcomes of an on-going multiphase research project that is being conducted at the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). The project aims for investigating the effectiveness and performance of mechanically fastened composite FRP-steel systems. The current paper investigates the response of hybrid FRP-steel lap connections along with the associated inter-facial behavior under different fastening parameters. The experimental program includes testing of 24 specimens to explore the influence of clamping torque, number of washers’ thickness, and clearance between bolt and FRP hole on the load carrying capacity and ductility of the assembly. Experimental results show insignificant increase in the ultimate load of the connection associated with increasing the clamping torque. The presence of washers affects the failure mode of the connection and has significant effect on the load carrying capacity of the assembly. However, economical evaluation for the optimal number of washers-per-bolt is necessary for practical applications. Experimental outcomes reveal also that bolt-hole clearance influences both the stiffness and failure mechanism of the composite FRP-steel connections.

BiographyOmnia R AbouEl-Hamd is a Graduate Teaching Assistant at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the UAE University. She completed her BSc degree in Civil Engineering from UAE University in 2013 with distinction (Honors degree). She is currently involved in the structural engineering research area for the fulfillment of her MSc degree.

[email protected]

Omnia R Abou El-Hamd et al., J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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Construction & Steel StructureTypical fracture behaviour of the steel-concrete composite beam with web openings in various sizes under axial tension and uniaxial negative bendingMahesan BavanNational University of Malaysia, Malaysia

The effects of openings on the web of steel section of the steel-concrete composite beam under combined uniaxial negative bending and axial tension were examined herein by utilising finite element (FE) analysis. This emerging area of research,

which was a composite beam with openings subjected to biaxial loads is not even inherently existed. The development of the FE analysis for a composite beam by realistic geometries of material components with accurate nonlinear material models, which was with assembling by complicated interactions, load applications and boundary conditions, was studied. In order to validate the FE model, the FE model was included by a comparative study with the existing experimental analysis and it was confirmed that the FE model and experimental results were in an acceptable manner by means of failure mode and limit state of the composite beam. The FE model validated was consisted of a series of web openings in ratio, each of which represented the formation of effective area on the web. In order to obtain the failure mode, both axial loads were increased simultaneously and stress-strain values of each material component were studied thoroughly throughout the analysis, such that the limiting stress and strain of material components leading to the best estimate of failure mode will lead to the failure mechanism, which was the concept of the failure state prediction. It was predicted that the presence of openings with its provision ratio noticeably reduces the plastic moment capacity of the composite beam such that the phenomenon whereby the ratio increases leads the early failure state concurrently. Furthermore, important failure behaviour of the material components that influence on limit state is extensively discussed in this paper.

BiographyMahesan Bavan has completed his MSc in Civil and Structural Engineering from National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. He is a Civil Engineer with twelve years of vast professional experiences in planning, designing and directing the constructions of infrastructure, utilities, geotechnical & structural projects and currently he is enduring the research to pursue PhD. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and international conferences.

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Mahesan Bavan, J Civil Environ Eng 2015, 5:5http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-784X.C1.002

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