STC5 Risk Management and Safe Work Procedure

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Risk Management And Safe Work

Procedures

STC5 Version 2.0 2013



1. Faculty, staff and students understand the mandatory

requirement for risk management at workplace.

2. Faculty, staff and students know the SUTDmethodology of conducting risk assessment for their

work.

3. Faculty, staff and students able to develop safe workprocedures for the work to be carried out after

conducting the risk assessment.

Course Objectives







(3) The measures referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may include all or any of the following:

(a) substitution;(b) engineering control;

(c ) administrative control;

(d ) provision and use of suitable personal protective equipment.

To read the entire Regulations, click on this linkhttp://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=DocId:cd9437b7-419b-40de-99a3-

09f2e7b8c90a%20Depth:0%20ValidTime:01/10/2007%20TransactionTime:01/10/2007%20Status:inforce;rec

=0;resUrl=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg:443/aol/browse/relatedSLResults.w3

1. Workplace Safety And Health (Risk

Management) Regulations

http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=DocId:cd9437b7-419b-40de-99a3-09f2e7b8c90a%20Depth:0%20ValidTime:01/10/2007%20TransactionTime:01/10/2007%20Status:inforce;rec=0;resUrl=http:/statutes.agc.gov.sg:443/aol/browse/relatedSLResults.w3















2. Consequences For No Risk

Management & Safe Work Procedure

Fatal Accident !!!Senior Steward slipped & fell,

cut by shattered glasswareon his neck.





20 April 2004: Nicoll

Highway - 4 deaths;3 injured





Collapse at Fusionpolis Building Construction Site

BackgroundOn 29 April 2004, Alexandra Fire Station was activated to respond to aconstruction worksite accident at Ayer Rajah Avenue, where the basement

construction for Fusionpolis, a high tech township, was undergoing.

Description of Operations1 fire engine and 1 Red Rhino (PL121, LF121) from Alexandra Fire Station, 1rescue tender (RT411) from Jurong Fire Station, 2 RDART from DART Base,Special Rescue Battalion (SRB), and six ambulances rushed to the scene.………steel reinforcement bars had collapsed and crashed upon the workers

below in a 50m by 50m wide area………………………..

A total of 29 casualties were rescued, attended to by the ambulance crew andlater conveyed to hospital, whilst 2 fatalities were recovered.. The search andrescue operation lasted 14 hours





Jul 7, 2011

Two injured by

exploding chemical




Management

Offences

8. Any employer, self-employed person or principal who contravenesregulation 3(1), 4(1), (2) or (4), 5, 6 or 7 shall be guilty of an offence andshall be liable on conviction — (a) for a first offence, to a fine not exceeding $10,000; and(b) for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.

Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations:



3. Risk Management Process

Preparation

Risk Assessment

Implementation &Review

Record Keeping

Form TeamGather relevant informationIdentify tasks of each process

Hazard Identification

Risk EvaluationRisk Control

Obtain Supervisor/Reporting Officer ApprovalImplement Control MeasuresCommunicate the hazards identified and their controls Audit or Regular InspectionsReview RA on a regular basis

Develop a risk register Must be available upon requestKept for at least three years



You may need the followings to prepare the risk assessment:

Details of description of work Safety data sheets of chemical to be used

Past accident records

List of workplace machineries

Types of emergency equipment available

Staff and student’s capabilities in handling the work


(Preparation)



Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the probability andconsequences of injury or illness arising from exposure to anidentified hazard, and determining the appropriate measures for risk control. The process can be summarized as show below:

3. Risk Management Process (Risk Assessment)

1. HazardIdentification

2. RiskEvaluation

3. Risk Control

Adopt hierarchy of control for controlmeasures

Analyse and evaluate residual risks

Estimate risk levels Prioritise hazards to becontrolled

Identify hazards Identify potential

incidents/accidents



3. Risk Management Process: Hazard Analysis

What is a hazard?

Hazard means anything with the potential to cause harmor injury.




Hazard Classifications Examples of Hazards Chemical No appropriate cabinet for corrosives, personal protective

equipment (gloves, lab coat and eyewear) not provided

Biological Sharps not properly disposed of, no biological safety cabinet for

containment

Electrical Frayed wires, use of approved plugs Mechanical Rotating parts with no safe guard barrier Physical Excessive noise, sharps, carrying heavy object Ergonomics awkward postures, wrong mouse handling technique

Psychosocial Long working hours Fire Heat source near to flammables,

Explosion Use of reactive chemicals without inert gas chamber

Slip & Fall Slippery floor, Uneven flooring, Extended cables not taped on

floor High Pressure No relief valve or mechanism




Hazard

Category Hazard Description Risks/Impacts

Man Changing position towards machinery

Working posture

Strike against

Caught in between

Overexertion

Muscular Skeleton Disorder


Contusion

Contusion


Machine Machine guardingSharp edges

Stored energy

Electrical grounding

Emergency switches

Laceration /FractureLaceration

Electrocution

Electrocution

Contusion Materials Corrosive

Flammable

Reactive

Toxic

Explosive

Burn

Fire/explosion

Burn/fire/explosion

Burn

Fire/explosion Method

Written safe work procedures (SWP)Compliance with SWP

Two-hands operation

On-site warning signs

Auto/manual operations

LacerationLaceration

Contusion

Environment Temperature

Noise level

Vibration

Humidity

Lighting

Heat stress/burn

Noise induced deafness

Soft tissue damage

Dermatitis

Slips/trips/falls

The industrypractices 4M &

1E method for hazard

analysis.



3. Risk Management Process: Risk Evaluation

Risk means the likelihood that a hazard will cause aspecific harm or injury to persons or damage to property.

There are 2 factors to consider when rating whether a riskis high or low. The factors are likelihood and severity.

Risk = Likelihood X Severity




Level Likelihood Likelihood of Occurrence / Exposure Criteria

5 Frequent Likely to occur many times per year

4 Moderate Likely to occur once per year

3 Occasional Might occur once in three years

2 Remote Might occur once in f ive years

1 Unlikely Might occur once in ten years

Likelihood meansthe probability or

frequency of anevent occurring. Seebelow table for description.




Level Severity Description

5 Catastrophic Fatality, fatal diseases or multiple major injuries.

4 Major Serious injuries or life-threatening occupational disease

(includes amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries,

occupational cancer, acute poisoning).

3 Moderate Injury requiring medical treatment or ill-health leading to

disability (includes lacerations, burns, sprains, minor

fractures, dermatitis, deafness, work-related upper limb

disorders).

2 Minor Injury or ill-health requiring first-aid only (includes minor

cuts and bruises, irritation, ill-health with temporary

discomfort).

1 Negligible Not likely to cause injury or ill-health.

Severity means

the degree or

extend of an injuryor harm caused by

the hazard as aresult of anaccident.




Likelihood Severity

Unlikely (1) Remote

(2) Occasional (3) Moderate

(4) Frequent (5)

Catastrophic (5)

5 10 15 20 25

Major (4)

4 8 12 16 20

Moderate

(3) 3

6

9

12

15

Minor (2)

2 4 6 8 10

Negligible (1)

1 2 3 4 5

To assess the risk level or risk prioritization number (RPN), you need tocombine the likelihood and severity tables. This new table is known asthe 5X5 likelihood-Severity Matrix Table.




Risk

level Risk

Acceptability Recommended Actions

Low

Risk Acceptable 1.No additional risk control measures may be needed.

2.Frequent review and monitoring of hazards are required to ensure that the risk

level assigned is accurate and does not increase over time. Medium Risk

Tolerable 1.A careful evaluation of the hazards should be carried out to ensure that the

risk level is reduced to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) within a

defined time period. 2.Interim risk control measures, such as administrative controls or PPE, may be

implemented while longer term measures are being established. 3,Management attention is required.

High

Risk Not

acceptable 1.High Risk level must be reduced to at least Medium Risk before work

commences. 2.There should not be any interim risk control measures. Risk control measures

should not be overly dependent on PPE or appliances. If practicable, the hazard should be eliminated before work commences. 3.Management review is required before work commences.

Once the number is established, we may determine whether the risk ishigh or low.



3. Risk Management Process: Risk Control

The industry practice for controlling risk is through the Hierarchy of Control Measures methodology. We should control the risk first byelimination, followed by substitution and engineering control. The first 3methods are the most effective methods. The last 2 methods,administrative and using personal protective equipment should beconsidered as the last resort.




Control Measure Description Examples

ELIMINATION The total removal of the hazards. If the hazards are eliminated, the risk

associated with the hazard will be eliminated. Cover up a manhole

before proceed with any

work.

SUBSTITUTION This involves replacing the hazard by one that presents a lower risk. Use less corrosive acid

for pH adjustment

instead of strong acid.

ENGINEERING

CONTROLS Engineering controls are physical means that limit the hazard. These

include structural changes to the work environment or work processes,

erecting a barrier to interrupt the transmission path between the worker

and the hazard.

Fume Cupboard or

glove boxes




Control Measure Description Examples ADMINISTRATIVE

CONTROLS These reduce or eliminate exposure to a hazard by adherence

to procedures or instructions, including training.

Documentation should emphasize all the steps to be taken and

the controls to be used in carrying out the activity safely.

Work instruction.

Good laboratory

practices. Training on

chemicals.

Personal Protective

Equipment This should be used only as a last resort, after all other control

measures have been considered, or as a short term

contingency during emergency / maintenance / repair or as an

additional protective measure.

Often used as secondary protection or general protection to

third party users.

The success of this control depends critically on the protective

equipment being chosen correctly, fitted correctly, worn at all

times and maintained properly.

Use of safety

eyewear plus

respiratory

protection.



3. Risk Management Process: Risk Assessment Form



3. Risk Management Process: Example (Laboratory)

Work Activity / Project Title: Drilling A

Hole Through A Block Of Wood

Risk Assessor/s: John Little

Staff/Student Involved In TheWork/Project: Mark, Spencer, Robinson

Approved By Supervisor / Reporting Officer: Prof Takashimaya

(Name, Date & Signature)

Date Assessed:

08/08/2008

Next Review

Date:07/08/2011






Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control

1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 2a.2b

.2c. 2d. 3a. 3b

.

3c

.

3d. 3e. 3f.

S/N Work Process Hazard

Possible Accident / ill

health to persons, fire

or property loss

Existing Risk Control S* L* RPN*

Additional Risk

Control

Measures

S L RPN* Follow up by

(name) & date Remarks

1 Place wood

on grip &

tighten

P Small Cut, Injure

Fingers

User Must Read Operating

Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure, Gloves

1 1 1

2 Insert Drill Bit

& Tighten

Chuck

P Injure fingers User Must Read Operating

Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure,

1 1 1

3 Start Drilling P Flying Wood Chips Protective Eye Wear, Dust

Coat, Respiratory Mask

3 2 6

8 Lift Up Drill Bit Nil - - 1 1 1

9 Stop Machine Nil - - 1 1 1

10 Unlock Chuck

To Remove

Drill Bit

P Burned by Heated Drill

Bit


Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure, Gloves

1 1 1

11 Remove

Wood

Nil - - 1 1 1





1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 2a.2b

.2c. 2d. 3a. 3b

.

3c

.

3d. 3e. 3f.

S/N Work Process Hazard

Possible Accident / ill

health to persons, fire

or property loss

Existing Risk Control S* L* RPN*

Additional Risk

Control

Measures

S L RPN* Follow up by

(name) & date Remarks

1 Place wood

on grip &

tighten

P Small Cut, Injure

Fingers


Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure, Gloves

1 1 1 - - - - - -

2 Insert Drill Bit

& Tighten

Chuck

P Injure fingers User Must Read Operating

Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure,

1 1 1 - - - - - -

3 Start Drilling P Flying Wood Chips Protective Eye Wear, Dust

Coat, Respiratory Mask

3 2 6 Use Face Shield 3 1 3 Spencer 2 weeks from

date assessed.

8 Lift Up Drill Bit Nil - - 1 1 1 - - - - - -

9 Stop Machine Nil - - 1 1 1 - - - - - -

10 Unlock Chuck

To Remove

Drill Bit

P Burned by Heated Drill

Bit


Manual, & Safe Work

Procedure, Gloves

1 1 1 - - - - - -

11 Remove

Wood

Nil - - 1 1 1 - - - - - -



3. Risk Management Process: Example (Admin)


Activities PossibleHazards

Possible Accidents

Existing Risk Control

S L RPN AdditionalRisk Control

S L RPN Follow up(Name &Date)

Remarks

1.Sit On TheChair

Physical Fall Chair with stable base provided

2 1 2 - - - - - -

2.Switch On TheComputer

Electrical Electrocution, body injury

Do not usedamaged cable,plug, and sockets.

3 3 9 Check cable, plugand socket beforeturn power on.Do not turnpower with wethands.

2 1 2 Jack. 10th July 2011

-

Fire Damage to property, body injury

Use Safety Mark Electrical Appliance.Do not use frayedcables

3 3 9 Check beforeturn power on.

2 2 4 Jack. 10th July 2011

-

3.Type TheContent

Ergonomics Discomfort onfingers, arms, wrist,neck

Training Provided 2 2 4 - - - - - -

4.Go ToiletBreak

Physical, Trip& Fall

Slip & Fall Path to ToiletClear FromObstruction

2 1 2 - - - - - -

5.Return ToSitting Position

Physical, Trip& Fall

Slip & Fall Chair with stable base provided

2 1 2 - - - - - -

6.Continue

Typing

Ergonomics Discomfort on

fingers, arms, wrist,neck

Training Provided 2 2 4 - - - - - -

Work Activity / Project Title: Desk Work (Using a computer) Risk Assessor/s: John Little

Staff/Student Involved In The Work/Project: Mark, Spencer, Robinson Approved By Supervisor / Reporting Officer: Prof Takashimaya

(Name, Date & Signature)

Date Assessed: 08/08/2008 Next Review Date:07/08/2011



a. Risk assessment is only a sub-unit of the entire risk managementprocess.

b. All risk assessment must be documented and signed by thesupervisor.

c. Reviewing of risk assessment is necessary:Every 3 years as requested by Regulations

Every major change in protocol

Every time after an incident

d. Communication of risks and hazards to relevant stakeholders is

key to successful implementation of risk management.e. Communication of risks can be successfully delivered by either getting users to read the risk assessment (signed after reading)and/or through developing a safe work procedure.


(Implementation & Review)



All risk assessment must be kept in a risk register.

Every Office, Centre and Pillars shall develop their own riskregisters.

All risk assessment in the risk registers shall be kept for a period of not less than 3 years.

3. Risk Management Process (Record

Keeping)



4. Developing Safe Work Procedures

All works, except for administrative work, involving the use of anyappliance, equipment, machinery, chemical, and biological shallhave a detail safe work procedure (SWP) given or communicated toall users.

Any work not mentioned in this slide but may result in any form of discomfort, minor injury or accident shall also have risk assessmentconducted and SWP developed.



5. Code of Practice for Risk Management

The Workplace Safety Health Council has developed the Code of Practice for Risk Management. You may view this document usingthis link

http://sutdcentral.sutd.edu.sg/Departments/EHS/Safety%20Resour ces/Forms/AllItems.aspx

http://sutdcentral.sutd.edu.sg/Departments/EHS/Safety%20Resources/Forms/AllItems.aspx




















5. Challenge

Conducting risk assessments is fairly simple for companies dealing withpurely administrative and/or manufacturing services.

In a research arena, conducting risk assessment (RA) is challenging

because research work requires changing of protocols and usually withmultiple procedures. What method would you suggest to help our researchers able to comply with the mandatory requirement andcorrectly access the risks for the work to be done without spending toomuch time working on the RA document?

You may send a proposal with the budget required to the WorkingCommittee ([email protected]) by Sept 2012. We may take 1-2months to evaluate your proposal. Successful candidate/s will be notifiedvia email.



You have come to the end of this Safety Training On-line Course. If you have any other enquiries, you may send an email to EHS Manager at [email protected]

Thank you and we continually seek your support to help SUTDmaintain a safe workplace.

mailto:[email protected]






STC5 Risk Management and Safe Work Procedure

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