95 95° LHCC Meeting LHCC Meeting – September 24, 2008 September 24, 2008 Status report Status report of the LHCf experiment: of the LHCf experiment: of the LHCf experiment: of the LHCf experiment: preparation for data taking preparation for data taking Oscar Adriani Oscar Adriani INFN Sezione di Firenze INFN Sezione di Firenze Di ti t di Fi i d ll’U i ità d li St di di Fi Di ti t di Fi i d ll’U i ità d li St di di Fi Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze
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Status reportStatus reportof the LHCf experiment:of the LHCf experiment:of the LHCf experiment:of the LHCf experiment:
preparation for data takingpreparation for data taking
Oscar AdrianiOscar AdrianiINFN Sezione di Firenze INFN Sezione di Firenze
Di ti t di Fi i d ll’U i ità d li St di di FiDi ti t di Fi i d ll’U i ità d li St di di FiDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di FirenzeDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze
LHCf Physics Topics LHCf Physics Topics –– Short summary!Short summary!
Experimental measurement: Experimental measurement: –– Precise measurement ofPrecise measurement of γγ andand ππ00 spectra in the very forwardspectra in the very forwardPrecise measurement of Precise measurement of γγ and and ππ spectra in the very forward spectra in the very forward
region at LHCregion at LHC
17177 TeV + 7 TeV in the c.m. frame 7 TeV + 7 TeV in the c.m. frame 10101717 eV in the eV in the laboratory frame:laboratory frame:–– We can better simulate in the biggest’s world laboratory whatWe can better simulate in the biggest’s world laboratory whatWe can better simulate in the biggest s world laboratory what We can better simulate in the biggest s world laboratory what
happens in nature when a Very High Energy Cosmic Ray interacts happens in nature when a Very High Energy Cosmic Ray interacts in the atmospherein the atmosphere
Why in the very forward region?Why in the very forward region?–– Because the dominant contribution to the energy flux in theBecause the dominant contribution to the energy flux in theBecause the dominant contribution to the energy flux in the Because the dominant contribution to the energy flux in the
atmospheric shower development is carried on by the very atmospheric shower development is carried on by the very forward produced particlesforward produced particles
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A ‘practical’ approachA ‘practical’ approachFrom the practical point of view LHCf’s measurements From the practical point of view LHCf’s measurements will be used to calibrate the Monte Carlo codes heavily will be used to calibrate the Monte Carlo codes heavily
d i th C i R l id i th C i R l iused in the Cosmic Ray analysisused in the Cosmic Ray analysis–– VHECR energy spectraVHECR energy spectra
Detectors should measure energy and position of Detectors should measure energy and position of γγ00from from ππ00 decaysdecays e.m. calorimeters with e.m. calorimeters with
position sensitive layersposition sensitive layers
Two independent detectors on both side of IP1Two independent detectors on both side of IP1RedundancyRedundancyB k d j ti ( i ll bB k d j ti ( i ll b ))
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Final installation was completed in January 2008Final installation was completed in January 2008Final installation was completed in January 2008Final installation was completed in January 2008No major problems have been found No major problems have been found
Q t fib f l lib ti h bQ t fib f l lib ti h b i t ll di t ll d–– Quartz fiber for laser calibration has been reQuartz fiber for laser calibration has been re--installedinstalled
Both Arm1 and Arm2 are working fineBoth Arm1 and Arm2 are working fineNo additional noise is found in the detectors, No additional noise is found in the detectors, despite 200 m long power lines and signal cables despite 200 m long power lines and signal cables (for the scintillators)(for the scintillators)
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Detectors in placeDetectors in placeI t ll ti f d i t hI t ll ti f d i t hInstallation performed in two phases:Installation performed in two phases:1.1. PrePre--Installation (2007)Installation (2007)
Baking out of the beam pipe (200 Baking out of the beam pipe (200 °°C)C)2.2. Final Installation (Jan 2008)Final Installation (Jan 2008)
LHCfLHCfLHCfLHCf
Luminosity Luminosity M it (BRAN)M it (BRAN)
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Monitor (BRAN)Monitor (BRAN)
ATLAS ZDCATLAS ZDC
Front CounterFront Counter
2 fixed Front Counters 2 fixed Front Counters were installed in frontwere installed in frontwere installed in front were installed in front of Arm1 and Arm2of Arm1 and Arm2They will not move withThey will not move withThey will not move with They will not move with Arm1 and Arm2Arm1 and Arm2They are segmented in They are segmented in y gy g2 x and 2 y slices2 x and 2 y slicesVery useful to check Very useful to check the beam quality and the beam quality and hence decide to move hence decide to move Arm1 and Arm2 in theArm1 and Arm2 in theArm1 and Arm2 in the Arm1 and Arm2 in the operating position from operating position from the ‘garage’ positionthe ‘garage’ position
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the garage positionthe garage position
After the installation….After the installation….
After the installation was completed, a lot of work on:After the installation was completed, a lot of work on:–– DAQDAQ–– DAQDAQ
•• New VME board to increase DAQ rate up to > 1 KHzNew VME board to increase DAQ rate up to > 1 KHz•• Integration of all the subsystem (Using MIDAS frame)Integration of all the subsystem (Using MIDAS frame)•• Analyzer to check the data quality and online monitorAnalyzer to check the data quality and online monitor
–– Slow control software to control and monitor:Slow control software to control and monitor:•• Power suppliesPower suppliesPower suppliesPower supplies•• ManipulatorManipulator•• Temperature monitorTemperature monitor
–– LHC interface LHC interface •• New NIM style board (CIBU) to send ‘PERMIT’ to LHC (KILL the New NIM style board (CIBU) to send ‘PERMIT’ to LHC (KILL the
beam in case of high rate)beam in case of high rate)g )g )•• Handhshaking software signals (DIP standard) for Injection, Adjust Handhshaking software signals (DIP standard) for Injection, Adjust
and Beam Dumpand Beam Dump•• LHCf Physics information (beam position, rate, background etc.)LHCf Physics information (beam position, rate, background etc.)
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LHCf Physics information (beam position, rate, background etc.)LHCf Physics information (beam position, rate, background etc.)
Synchronization with AtlasSynchronization with AtlasT h th ibilit t id tif th tT h th ibilit t id tif th tTo have the possibility to identify the events common To have the possibility to identify the events common with Atlas we implemented a synchronization method with Atlas we implemented a synchronization method based on the L1A signal generated by Atlas.based on the L1A signal generated by Atlas.based on the L1A signal generated by Atlas. based on the L1A signal generated by Atlas. We receive Atlas L1A and we store the time stamp of this We receive Atlas L1A and we store the time stamp of this signal in our DAQ system.signal in our DAQ system.g Q yg Q yWe can really correlate the Atlas events with the LHCf We can really correlate the Atlas events with the LHCf ones!ones!
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Atlas Bunch ID Atlas Bunch ID –– LHCf Bunch IdLHCf Bunch Id
An Update on the 2007 SPS Beam TestAn Update on the 2007 SPS Beam TestTest was very successful!!!!Test was very successful!!!!
CERN : SPS T2 H4CERN : SPS T2 H4August/September 2007August/September 2007I id t P ti lI id t P ti l
Test was very successful!!!!Test was very successful!!!!Energy calibration of the Energy calibration of the
Energy ResolutionEnergy Resolution2 x 2 cm2 x 2 cm22 towertower
2 5 x 2 5 cm2 5 x 2 5 cm22 towertower2.5 x 2.5 cm2.5 x 2.5 cm towertower
Energy resolution < 3% even Energy resolution < 3% even for the smallest tower!for the smallest tower!
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ππ00 reconstructionreconstructionγγ350 GeV Proton beam350 GeV Proton beam Not in scale!Not in scale!
9.15 m9.15 m
γγCarbon target (3 cm)Carbon target (3 cm)
in the slot used for beam monitorin the slot used for beam monitor Arm1Arm1
Not in scale!Not in scale!
in the slot used for beam monitorin the slot used for beam monitor>10>1077 proton on target (special setting from the SPS people)proton on target (special setting from the SPS people)
Dedicated trigger on both towers of the calorimeter has been usedDedicated trigger on both towers of the calorimeter has been used
Shower Profile @ First SciFi LayerShower Profile @ First SciFi LayerCalorimeters Calorimeters 40mm
Egamma=18GeV X Y
20mm
X YEgamma=46GeV
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ππ00 mass reconstructionmass reconstruction≈≈ 250 250 ππ00 events triggered (in a quite big background) and on diskevents triggered (in a quite big background) and on disk
(MeV)Main problems: Main problems: –– low photon energy (low photon energy (≥≥ 20 20
ΔΔmm 8 MeV8 MeV
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GeV) GeV) –– Direct protons in the towersDirect protons in the towers
Multi hits in the same towerMulti hits in the same tower
ΔΔm m ~ 8 MeV~ 8 MeVΔΔm/m m/m ~ 6%~ 6%
ARM1 Position resolutionARM1 Position resolutiont
200 GeV electrons
σσxx=172=172 μμmm
σ x[m
m]
er o
f ev
ent σσxx μμ
σ
Nu
mb
e
x-pos[mm]
σσ =159=159 μμmm
E[GeV]
[mm]
of e
ven
t
σσyy=159 =159 μμmmσ y
[
Nu
mb
er
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y-pos[mm]E[GeV]
ARM2 Position ARM2 Position ResolutionResolution
Position Resolution X Side
120
Data
60
80
100
(mic
rons
)
DataSimulation Spread Out200 GeV electrons
20
40
60
Res
olut
ion
40400
20
0 50 100 150 200 250Energy (GeV)
σσxx=40 =40 μμmm
x-pos[mm]Position Resolution Y Side
140
160
Data
6464 80
100
120
(mic
rons
)
DataSimulation Spread Out
σσyy=64 =64 μμmm
40
60
80
Res
olut
ion
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y-pos[mm]0
20
0 50 100 150 200 250Energy (GeV)
Alignment has been taken into accountAlignment has been taken into account
From the 2007 SPS beam test From the 2007 SPS beam test analysis we can conclude that the analysis we can conclude that the detectors fulfill the requirementsdetectors fulfill the requirementsdetectors fulfill the requirements detectors fulfill the requirements
to reach the physics goals to reach the physics goals indicated in the TDRindicated in the TDR
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Preparation for data takingPreparation for data takingThe LHCf control room has been prepared and fully The LHCf control room has been prepared and fully
p p yp p yequipped in the Atlas areaequipped in the Atlas area
Air conditionerAir conditionerNetworkNetworkComputersComputersPrintersPrintersPrintersPrinters…………
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Dummy eventDummy event
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Communications with LHCCommunications with LHCLHCf d i l t LHC th h th DIP tLHCf d i l t LHC th h th DIP tLHCf sends signals to LHC through the DIP system.LHCf sends signals to LHC through the DIP system.Link have been tested and it works fine!Link have been tested and it works fine!
Important for machine tuning!Important for machine tuning!Experimental status (On/Off, Gain, etc.)Experimental status (On/Off, Gain, etc.)Detector position (Garage/Operating, position in mm, etc.) Detector position (Garage/Operating, position in mm, etc.)
Important for machine tuning! Important for machine tuning!
Luminosity rate (Single and Double Arm)Luminosity rate (Single and Double Arm)Front Counter rate (single Arm double Arm coincidence)Front Counter rate (single Arm double Arm coincidence)–– Front Counter rate (single Arm, double Arm coincidence)Front Counter rate (single Arm, double Arm coincidence)
–– Small tower rate (single Arm)Small tower rate (single Arm)–– Big tower rate (single Arm)Big tower rate (single Arm)–– Double Arm coincidence rate (FC.AND.Towers in opposite sides)Double Arm coincidence rate (FC.AND.Towers in opposite sides)
Horizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 events orHorizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 events orHorizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 events or Horizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 events or in the whole RUN)in the whole RUN)
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We are ready for data takingWe are ready for data takingOn September 10 we observed some signals on FrontOn September 10 we observed some signals on FrontOn September 10 we observed some signals on Front On September 10 we observed some signals on Front Counters, with Arm1 and Arm2 in garage position for Counters, with Arm1 and Arm2 in garage position for safety reasonssafety reasonsyy–– That day the Atlas BPTX signal was still not available That day the Atlas BPTX signal was still not available
(no info on the real bunches in the Atlas zone)(no info on the real bunches in the Atlas zone)On September 11 Atlas gave us the synchronized BPTX On September 11 Atlas gave us the synchronized BPTX signals, and we could take Front Counter data by using signals, and we could take Front Counter data by using this signal (still in garage position)this signal (still in garage position)We are measuring BeamWe are measuring Beam--Gas from the Beam2 on Arm1 Gas from the Beam2 on Arm1
ididsideside
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Front Counter signalsFront Counter signals
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ConclusionsConclusions
A lot of work has been done in 2008A lot of work has been done in 2008Installation completedInstallation completedPreparation for running completedPreparation for running completedIdentification of events common to Atlas and Identification of events common to Atlas and LHCf is okLHCf is okFirst beam gas events acquiredFirst beam gas events acquiredWe are ready to send our info to LHC for beamWe are ready to send our info to LHC for beamWe are ready to send our info to LHC for beam We are ready to send our info to LHC for beam tuningtuning
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ITALYITALYFirenze University and INFN:Firenze University and INFN:
JJSTE Laboratory Nagoya University:STE Laboratory Nagoya University:K.Fukui,Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Fukui,Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Masuda,Y.Matsubara, H.Menjo,T.Sako, K.Masuda,Y.Matsubara, H.Menjo,T.Sako, K T ki H W t bK T ki H W t b
A.Fauss, J.VelascoA.Fauss, J.Velasco
Firenze University and INFN:Firenze University and INFN:O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, G.Castellini, R.D’Alessandro, G.Castellini, R.D’Alessandro, P.Papini, S. Ricciarini, A. VicianiP.Papini, S. Ricciarini, A. Viciani
K.Taki, H. WatanabeK.Taki, H. WatanabeWaseda University:Waseda University: K. Kasahara, M. Mizuishi, K. Kasahara, M. Mizuishi, Y.Shimizu, S.ToriiY.Shimizu, S.ToriiKonan University:Konan University:Y.MurakiY.Muraki
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p , ,p , ,Catania University and INFN:Catania University and INFN:A.TricomiA.Tricomi
yyKanagawa University Yokohama: Kanagawa University Yokohama: T.TamuraT.TamuraShibaura Institute of Technology:Shibaura Institute of Technology: K. YoshidaK. Yoshida
Radiation Damage StudiesRadiation Damage Studies
Scintillating fibers and scintillatorsScintillating fibers and scintillatorsgg
•• Expected dose: 100 Gy/day at 10Expected dose: 100 Gy/day at 103030 cmcm--22ss--11
•• Few months @ 10Few months @ 103030 cmcm--22ss--11: 10 kGy: 10 kGy•• 50% light output50% light output50% light output50% light output•• Continous monitor and calibration with Continous monitor and calibration with
Laser system!!!Laser system!!!
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LHCf : Monte Carlo discriminationLHCf : Monte Carlo discrimination
Discrimination between various models Discrimination between various models is feasible in a very short timeis feasible in a very short time
Quantitative Quantitative discrimination with discrimination with the help of a properly the help of a properly defined defined χχ22
discriminating discriminating variable based on the variable based on the spectrum shape spectrum shape (see TDR for details)(see TDR for details)
5% Energy resolution5% Energy resolution
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‘Analysis’ of Beam Gas events‘Analysis’ of Beam Gas events
We got 116 FC triggers in 8.275.034 BPTX: NWe got 116 FC triggers in 8.275.034 BPTX: Ntt=116=1162.102.1099 protons/bunch protons/bunch ppTotal # of protons: NTotal # of protons: Npp=1.7 x 10=1.7 x 101616
We try to estimate the gas densityWe try to estimate the gas density ρρ from this rate:from this rate:We try to estimate the gas density We try to estimate the gas density ρρ from this rate:from this rate:NNtt=N=Npp* L * * L * σσ * * ρρ
We find:We find: ρρ = 8 5 x 10= 8 5 x 101212 H/mH/m33 = 4 2 x 10= 4 2 x 101212 HH /m/m33We find: We find: ρρ = 8.5 x 10= 8.5 x 10 H/mH/m = 4.2 x 10= 4.2 x 10 HH22/m/m
From the LHC Project Report #783: From the LHC Project Report #783: ρρ = 10= 101212 HH22/m/m33
From the pressure measurement in April 2008: From the pressure measurement in April 2008: ρρ ~~ 10101212 HH22/m/m33
~~ CONSISTENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!CONSISTENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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beambeam--gasgasIt depends on the beam conditionIt depends on the beam conditionppbackground background < 1% (< 1% (under 10under 10--1010 Torr)Torr)
b h lb h l b ib ibeam halobeam halo--beam pipebeam pipeIt has been newly estimated from the beam loss rateIt has been newly estimated from the beam loss rate
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LHCf performances: energy spectrum of LHCf performances: energy spectrum of ππ00
T i l l ti fT i l l ti f i 3 % t 1 T Vi 3 % t 1 T V
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Typical energy resolution of Typical energy resolution of γγ is 3 % at 1 TeVis 3 % at 1 TeV
Transverse projection in TAN slotTransverse projection in TAN slot
ARM1: Maximization of the ARM1: Maximization of the acceptance for vertical beam acceptance for vertical beam di l t ( idi l t ( idisplacement (crossing displacement (crossing angle>0)angle>0)
ARM2: Maximization of the ARM2: Maximization of the acceptance in R (distance acceptance in R (distance f b t )f b t )
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from beam center)from beam center)
LHCf: model dependence of LHCf: model dependence of neutron energy distributionneutron energy distributionneutron energy distributionneutron energy distribution
Original n energyOriginal n energy 30% energy resolution30% energy resolutionOriginal n energyOriginal n energy 30% energy resolution30% energy resolution
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Energy ResolutionEnergy ResolutionMonte CarloMonte Carlort
icle
srt
icle
s Test Beam Test Beam
Distance from EdgeDistance from EdgeN P
arN
Par
E di t ib ti iE di t ib ti i
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Energy distribution is Energy distribution is corrected for leakagecorrected for leakage
MC predicts that the MC predicts that the leakage is energy independent!leakage is energy independent!
Simulation vs Simulation vs DataDataDataData
150 GeV 150 GeV μμ
Energy released in the Energy released in the 44°° i till ti li till ti l44°° scintillation layerscintillation layer
Simulation is verySimulation is verySimulation is very Simulation is very well understood!well understood!100 GeV e100 GeV e--
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While waiting for collisionsWhile waiting for collisions……..ProtonProton
A short comment on new A short comment on new models:models:PICCO EPOSPICCO EPOS
ProtonProton
PICCO, EPOSPICCO, EPOS
Very big interest in LHCf data Very big interest in LHCf data d i thi h i fi ldd i thi h i fi ld
and in this physics fieldand in this physics field
056003 (2008)056003 (2008)
NeutronNeutron ππ00
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ARM2ARM2--Silicon Energy ResolutionSilicon Energy Resolution
200 GeV electrons200 GeV electrons200 GeV electrons200 GeV electronsSPS beam test data SPS beam test data
ΔΔE/E E/E ~~ 12%12%
Total energy measured in silicon (ADC)Total energy measured in silicon (ADC)
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By looking only at the silicon energy measured, we have an energy resolution By looking only at the silicon energy measured, we have an energy resolution ~ 10%!!!!!~ 10%!!!!!We can use it as a check for the radiation damage of the scintillators We can use it as a check for the radiation damage of the scintillators