Status of the SPARC project Massimo Ferrario INFN-LNF On behalf of the SPARC team * 31 th LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 November 05 *

Status of the SPARC projectStatus of the SPARC projectMassimo FerrarioMassimo Ferrario

INFN-LNFINFN-LNFOn behalf of the SPARC teamOn behalf of the SPARC team

* 31* 31thth LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 November 05 *November 05 *

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SPARC TeamSPARC Team

D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, L. PalumboL. Palumbo,, L. Pellegrino, L. Pellegrino, M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. ZobovTazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. Zobov (INFN /LNF)(INFN /LNF)

F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, (INFN /Milano)(INFN /Milano)

M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1)(INFN /Roma1)

L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. CianchiL. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi (INFN /Roma2)(INFN /Roma2)

A. Cultrera, A. PerroneA. Cultrera, A. Perrone (INFN /Lecce)(INFN /Lecce)

F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. Ronsivalle Ronsivalle (ENEA/FIS)(ENEA/FIS)J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche (UCLA)(UCLA)P. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. LimborgP. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. Limborg (SLAC)(SLAC)

LABORATORY

@ LNF-INFN

F. Sgamma, S. Tomassini

• High Brightness electron beam High Brightness electron beam generationgeneration

• SASE FEL experimentsSASE FEL experiments

• Advanced Accelerator ConceptsAdvanced Accelerator Concepts

A A Free Electron LaserFree Electron Laser is a device that is a device that converts converts electron kinetic energyelectron kinetic energy into into

coherent radiationcoherent radiation via a via a collective collective instabilityinstability in an undulator in an undulator

Undulator RadiationUndulator Radiation

K

e˜ B uu

2mc 2

1

K 1The electron trajectory is inside the radiation cone if

The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and the electron energythe electron energy

Relativistic MirrorsRelativistic Mirrors

u'

u

//

rad' u

'

rad u

2//2

1

//2

1

2

2

rad u

22 1K 2

// 1

1 //2

Counter propagating pseudo-Counter propagating pseudo-radiationradiation

Compton back-scattered Compton back-scattered radiation in the moving mirror radiation in the moving mirror

frameframe

Doppler effect in the laboratory Doppler effect in the laboratory frameframe

TUNABILITYTUNABILITY

Psat Pbeam Ne4 / 3

Free Electron LaserFree Electron LaserSelf-Amplified-Spontaneous-EmissionSelf-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission(No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)(No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)

TTF-FELDESY

98 nm

TTF-FELDESY

98 nm

LEUTLAPS/ANL385 nm

LEUTLAPS/ANL385 nm

September 2000September 2000

VISAVISAATF/BNLATF/BNL840 nm840 nm

VISAVISAATF/BNLATF/BNL840 nm840 nm

March 2001March 2001

GL

zPzP exp

9)( 0

SASE Experimental resultsSASE Experimental results

Since September 2000Since September 20003 SASE FEL’s demonstration3 SASE FEL’s demonstration

Single Pass FEL Projects

PAL – FEL

SCSS

XFEL4GLS

MIT / BatesLEUTL

LUX

LCLS

VISA / DUV

SPARC / SPARXFERMI

SC technology / NC technology

BESSY FEL

LEG

TTF / XFEL

R. Saldin et al. in Conceptual Design of a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider with Integrated X-ray Laser Facility, DESY-1997-048

SASE FEL Electron Beam SASE FEL Electron Beam Requirements:Requirements:

High Brightness BHigh Brightness Bnn

Bn 2I

n2Bn

rMIN

1K 2 2 BnK

2 Bn

K2

Lg 3 2

K Bnn 1K 2 2 Bn

energy energy

spreadspread

undulator undulator

parameterparameter

minimum minimum radiation radiation wavelengthwavelength

gain gain lengtlengthh

Bn 2I

n2B

bunch bunch compressorscompressors

RF & magneticRF & magnetic

Pulse ShapingPulse Shaping

New Working New Working PointPoint

How to increase e- BrightnessHow to increase e- Brightness

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SPARC PhotoinjectorsSPARC Photoinjectors

Electron Photo-InjectorElectron Photo-Injector

Mira Ti:Sa Oscillator

Hidra CPA Ti:Sa Amplifier

RGA + 2 MPTHG UV Stretcher

VerdiNd:YVO4

ContinuumNd:Yag

Pu

mp

sS

eed

Lin

eEvolutionNd:YLF

Synchro Lock PLL

RF ReferenceR&S 2,856 GHz

DAZZLERTeO2

Ext

. Syn

ch.

f/36

800 nm50 mJ10 Hz100 fs

800 nm10 nJ80 MHz100 fs

266 nm4 mJ10 Hz100 fs

266 nm1,8 mJ10 Hz0.5-12 ps

LASER SYSTEM

CHARACTERIZATION : UPCONVERSION

TH-UV266 nm

BLUE SPECTRUM

UV SPECTRUM

SH-BLUE400 nm

Cross Correlation measurements ps10theory

t

ItI

2

w

ˆ 3I0

8

3

ˆ I

2Ioth

' 0

Emittance Compensation: Emittance Compensation:

Controlled Damping of Plasma OscillationControlled Damping of Plasma Oscillation

Brillouin FlowBrillouin Flow

Hokuto IijimaHokuto Iijima

100 A ==> 150 MeV

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 2 4 6 8 10Z_[m]

GunLinac

rms beam size [mm]

rms norm. emittance [um]

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006

z=0.23891

Pr

R [m]

-0.05

0

0.05

0 0.0008 0.0016 0.0024 0.0032 0.004

z=1.5

Pr

R [m]

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 0.0008 0.0016 0.0024 0.0032 0.004

z=10

pr_

[rad]

R_[m]

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

z=0.23891

Rs [m

]

Zs-Zb [m]

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

Z=10

Rs [m

]

Zs-Zb [m]

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003

z=1.5

Rs [m

]

Zs-Zb [m]

Final emittance = 0.4 m

Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.,

Optimized matchingOptimized matching

Movable Emittance-Meter Movable Emittance-Meter ConceptConcept

EMITTANCE-METEREMITTANCE-METER

• Completed• Tested at PITZ• Installed at SPARC for Gun Beam measurements

Gun and emittance meter Gun and emittance meter installedinstalled

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750

z(cm)

Xrms(mm)Yrms(mm)Exn (mm-mrad)Eyn(mm-mrad)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160.1

1

10

100

1 103

1 104

1 105

1 106

1 107

1 108

Z (m)

Pow

er (

W)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160.1

1

10

100

1 103

1 104

1 105

1 106

1 107

1 108

Z (m)

Pow

er (

W)

Radiation power growth along the undulator @ 530 nmRadiation power growth along the undulator @ 530 nm

UNDULATOR

Undulator period (cm) 2.8Undulator parameter k 2.143Undulator gap (mm) 9.25# Undulator sections 6# Undulator periods per section 78Drift length between undulator sections (cm) 36.5Additional quadrupole gradient (T/m) 5.438Additional quadrupole length (cm) 8.4FEL radiation wavelength (fundamental, nm) 499.6Average beta function (m) 1.516Expected saturation length (m) < 12

GENESIS simulation of the SPARC GENESIS simulation of the SPARC SASE-FELSASE-FEL

2002 - Stage I - FEASIBILITY

• Project formulation • Feasibility Study• Strategy design• Approval

2003-2004- Stage II - PLANNING & DESIGN

• Base design• Detailed Cost and schedule• Detailed planning• Major contracts for procurement

2004-2005 - Stage III - CONSTRUCTION

• Manufacturing • Delivery• Civil works• Installation

2006 - Stage IV - COMMISSIONING & OPERATION

• Final Testing• Commissioning• Operation

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Project duration

Collaborations and UE programs

SPARC

DESYBNL

UCLA

SLAC

EUROFELEUROFEL

PITZ

• RF CompressorRF Compressor• SeedingSeeding• SynchronizationSynchronization

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Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)

Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bendsPowerful radiation generates energy spread in bends Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bendsPowerful radiation generates energy spread in bends

Causes bend-plane emittance growthCauses bend-plane emittance growth Causes bend-plane emittance growthCauses bend-plane emittance growth

Energy spread breaks achromatic systemEnergy spread breaks achromatic system Energy spread breaks achromatic systemEnergy spread breaks achromatic system

x = Rx = R1616((ss))E/EE/E

bend-plane emittance growthbend-plane emittance growth

ee––RR

zz

coherent radiation coherent radiation forforzz

overtaking length:overtaking length: L L00 (24 (24zzRR22))1/31/3

ssxx

LL00

Velocity bunching conceptVelocity bunching concept

Average current vs RF compressor phase

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

-95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60

RF compressor phase (deg)

Ave

rag

e cu

rren

t (A

)

LOW COMPRESSION

MEDIUM COMPRESSION

HIGH COMPRESSION

OVER-COMPRESSION

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<I> = 860 A<I> = 860 A

nxnx = 1.5 = 1.5 mm

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+ ChannellingChannelling

MAMBO

APPROVED

APPROVED

The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary ExperimentsExperiments

laser pulseslaser pulses: 50 fs, 800 nm >100 TW @10 50 fs, 800 nm >100 TW @10 HzHz

LINAC

UNDULATOR

synchronisationuncompressed pulse

vacuum compressor

acceleration chamber

detectorsarea

control& data

EEx x 2222laslas (1- (1-

coscos))

Produzioni di impulsi X : 101099 fotoni/s fotoni/s,

3 ps, monocromatici monocromatici tunabili nel range 20 keV - 1 MeV20 keV - 1 MeV

• Studi di tecniche di mammografia (e angiografia coronarica)

• Studi di single molecule protein cristallography.

NX T fN

e Nh

coll2

2109 / 11

La realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cmLa realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cm22) ) in tempi di in tempi di 2600 s2600 s scende a scende a 2.6 s2.6 s con l’upgrade previsto su con l’upgrade previsto su SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 10SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 101111 /s /s

The constrast (sensitivity to tissue density variations) goes from 8% to 0.1%, while thespatial resolution goes from 0,15 -0,3 mm to 0.01-0.015 mm. This means the capability todetect a tumor 30 times smaller in volume, i.e. a 2 year earlier detection of the tumor.

MaMBO Experiment: MaMBO Experiment: Mammography Monochromatic Beam OutlookMammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook

n np

np

p

2

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122009 2010 2011 2012

TTF-IITTF-II

6 nm6 nm

LCLSLCLS

0.1 nm0.1 nmTESLATESLAX-FELX-FEL

0.1 nm0.1 nm

SASESASE Seeding AngstromAngstrom

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust cutting-edge R&D program:cutting-edge R&D program:

- High quality electron beams from a LINAC- High quality electron beams from a LINAC

- Generation of new FEL radiation - Generation of new FEL radiation

- X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors- X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors

- Advanced Accelerator Concepts- Advanced Accelerator Concepts

Know-how on LINACsKnow-how on LINACs

- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors - Beam phase-space manipulation- Beam phase-space manipulation - RF-power, Acceleration and Transport- RF-power, Acceleration and Transport - Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control- Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control

Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise to the future ILC project.to the future ILC project.

Finally,Finally,- 5 thesis/year- 5 thesis/year

- 6 PhD- 6 PhD - 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23)- 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23) About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and motivations, are being educated in the field.motivations, are being educated in the field.

SPARC ProjectSPARC Project 7.5 +2.5 7.5 +2.5 M€M€ (MIUR+INFN)(MIUR+INFN)

R&D program towards high brightness eR&D program towards high brightness e--

beam for SASE-FEL’sbeam for SASE-FEL’s

SPARX Phase ISPARX Phase I 10 + 2.35 10 + 2.35 M€M€ (MIUR+INFN)(MIUR+INFN)

- R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source - R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source

- Test Facility at 10 nm with the Da- Test Facility at 10 nm with the Dane ne Linac (Linac (SPARXINOSPARXINO))

SPARX Phase IISPARX Phase II 12 12 M€ M€ ? ? (MIUR)(MIUR)

- Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 - Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 nm ?nm ?

14.5 m1.5m

11º

10.0 m 5.4 m

quadrupolesdipoles

Diagnostic1-6 Undulator modules

Photoinjector solenoidRF sections

RF deflectorcollimator

25º

25º