Status and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippines Mudjekeewis D. Santos Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 940 Quezon Ave., Quezon City, 1103 Philippines ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Santos, M.D. 2009. Status and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippines. Proceedings of the 1 st Regional Workshop on Information Gathering and Cetacean Research in the Southeast Asian Waters, Bangkok, Thailand. July 30-31, 2009. 50p. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract Twenty seven species of cetaceans have been confirmed in Philippine waters all of which are protected under Philipine laws. Directed takes, by-catch and strandings of the animals have been recorded and reported. Such information has been used for identifying cetacean hotspots for conservation and management purposes. Possible future activities for research has been enumerated.
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Status and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippines
Mudjekeewis D. Santos
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 940 Quezon Ave., Quezon City, 1103 Philippines
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Santos, M.D. 2009. Status and Management of Cetaceans in the Philippines. Proceedings
of the 1st Regional Workshop on Information Gathering and Cetacean Research in the Southeast Asian Waters, Bangkok, Thailand. July 30-31, 2009. 50p.
Conservation Priorities: A second iteration of the National Biodiversity Strategy
and Action Plan. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Protected
Areas and Wildlife Bureau, Conservation International Philippines, Biodiversity
Conservation Programme-University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and
Developmental Studies and Foundation for Philippine Environment, Quezon City,
Philippines.
Perrin, W.F. et al. 2005. Report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and
Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs in Southeast Asia. CMS
Technical Series Publication No. 9.
Perrin, W.F., M.L.L. Dolar and M.N.R. Alava. 1996. Report on the Workshop on the
Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs in Southeast Asia.
UNEP(W)/ EAS WG.1/2. 12 April 1996.
Santos, M.D. 2001. Cetacean-fishery interaction in the Philippines. A Report submitted to
Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (World Wildlife Fund – Philippines)
Santos, M.D. 2001. A compilation of marine mammal strandings at the Bureau of
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources from 1995 to 2001. A Report submitted to
Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (World Wildlife Fund – Philippines)
Santos, M.D. 1997. Status of cetacean research and management project. Report
presented to the 1997 BFAR In-House Review of R&D Projects. BFAR, 860
Arcadia Bldg., Quezon Ave., Quezon City (unpublished report)
Tan, J.M.L. (1995a). A Field Guide to Whales and Dolphins in the Philippines.
Bookmark, Inc., Makati, Metro Manila.
Townsend, C.H. 1935. The distribution of certain whales as shown by logbook records
of American whale ships. Zoologica 19, 1-50.
Table 1: List of cetaceans confirmed to be present in Philippine waters
ORDER CETACEA* CITES Classification (Appendices**) Suborder Odonticeti (Toothed whales, dolphins and porpoises)
Family Delphinidae 1. Gray’s Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris longirostris) II 2. Dwarf spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostrisroseiventris) II 3. Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella atenuata) II 4. Striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) II 5. Fraser’s dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) II 6. Indo-Pacific Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) II 7. Common Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) II 8. Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) II 9. Melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) II 10. Pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) II 11. Short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) II 12. False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) II 13. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) II 14. Rough toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) II 15. Indo-Pacific Hump-backed dolphin (Sousa chinensis) II 16. Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) I
Family Kogiidae 17. Dwarf sperm whale (Kogia simus) II 18. Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) II
Family Physeteridae 19. Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) I
Family Ziphiidae 20. Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) II 21. Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) II 22. Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) II Suborder Mysteceti (Baleen whales)
Family Balaenopteridae 23. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) I 24. Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) I 25. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) I 26. Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) I 27. Omura’s whale (Balaenoptera omurai) I * Protected under Fisheries Administrative Order No. 185, Series of 1992; 185-1, Series of 1997; RA 8550 of 1998 ** CITES Appendix I Includes species threatened with extinction and for which trade must be subject to particularly strict regulation and only authorized in exceptional circumstances ** CITES Appendix II include species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but may
become so unless trade is strictly regulated.
Table 2: List of Phlippine laws that protect cetaceans in the country
Philippine Law
Republic Act 8550 (Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998): provides for the development, management and conservation of the fisheries and aquatic resources Republic Act 9147 (Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act): provides for the conservation of the country’s wildlife resources and their habitats for sustainability Republic Act 8485 (Animal Welfare Act of 1998): provides for protection and promotion of the welfare of all animals in the Philippines Fisheries Administrative Order 185 series of 1992: ban on all dolphins Fisheries Administrative Order 185-1 series of 1997: added whales and porpoises in ban Fisheries Administrative 208 series of 2001: listed 20 cetacean species as “endangered” and are therefore protected by law Presidential Proclamation 342 series of 2000 Malampaya Sound declared a protected seascape and landscape
Table 3: List of International Agreements related to cetacean where the Philippines is a signatory country.
International Agreements
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to pursue in accordance with its relevant provisions, the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Agenda 21 (UNEP’s Sustainable Development) aims at preparing the world for the challenges of the next century and reflecting a global consensus and political commitment at the highest level on development and environmental protection
Table 4. Some published information on incidental taking of cetaceans in the Philippines from 1990 - present Location
Species Caught (English/Scientific/Local Name)
Fishing Gear Used Estimated No. of Animals Caught or Killed
Source
Philippine Waters, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia
Spinner Dolphins/ Stenella longirostris/ Purse-Seines 600/ year Dolar, 1993
LUZON
Pag-asa, San Jose, Mindoro
Bottlenose Dolphins/ Tursiops truncatus/
Driftnet Dolar, 1999
Lapu-lapu, San Jose, Mindoro
Dolphins Liftnets Dolar, 1999
PALAWAN
Taytay Bay, Palawan
Dolphins Purse seine (from Navotas) Driftnet Fish Corral
Dolar, 1999
Bulalacao Is., Coron, Calamian Group
Dolphins Driftnet (from Navotas)
Dolar, 1999
Araceli (Dumaran Is.) Palawan
Dolphins Purse seine Dolar, 1999
Roxas, Palawan Shark nets (in Green Is.) Dolar, 1999
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Location
Species Caught (English/Scientific/Local Name)
Fishing Gear Used Estimated No. of Animals Caught
Source
Tagburos, Puerto Princesa, Palawan
Dolphins Purse seine Gill nets
Dolar, 1999
Malampaya Sound (New Guinlo, Old Guinlo and San Jose)