STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER ... AND CHALLENGES OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MONGOLIA J Davaasuren Water Infrastructure Expert Water Authority of Mongolia Prof.Basandorj

STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN

MONGOLIA

J DavaasurenWater Infrastructure Expert

Water Authority of Mongolia

Prof.BasandorjMongolian University of Science and Technology

Contents

1. Brief history of water infrastructure in Mongolia2. Water infrastructure types3. Urban water supply structures4. Irrigation system5. Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells

6. Flood protection structure7. Hydro Power plants8. Industry water supply 9. Mining water supply structures10. Waste water treatment plant11. Existing problems in water infrastructure in Mongolia 12. Objective

13. Priority issues of regional cooperation14. Conclusion and recommendations

Brief history of water infrastructure in MongoliaIt is divided in to 3 periods:1. People’s Revolution and before the 1930s2. Planned economy period - 1940-1990s3. Free economy market – since 1990

• Hand wells and irrigated agriculture had worked since 13th century.

• Engineering designed water infrastructures :• Special engineering wells since 1930 s• irrigation system, water supplement since 1960 s• flood protection channels, dams since 1966 s• hydro power plant since 1959 s

Water infrastructure types

Urban water supply structuresHerdsmen and livestock water supply wells Irrigation system Industry water supply Flood protection structure Hydro Power PlantsMining water supply structures Waste water treatment plant Non physical WI

Urban water supply structures

• The capital city’s fresh water supply network established in 1959 for the purpose of urban drinking water supply and that was the first infrastructure of the water supply

Ulaanbaatar citywater supply resources of Ulaanbaatar city: 159 borehole wells3 pump station10 reservoirs440 êì long pipeline.

Irrigation systemsManaging agriculture including with irrigation system in our country founded in the earliest time and main irrigation structure was based on the earth dams. Engineering method was used since 1960 and it has been intensively developed throughout 1970-1990. 130 engineering designed irrigation systems

Qualification/ Years 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Number of Restored irrigation systems 12 15 12 14

22

Total investment, mil USD 1,9 1,1 5,8 3,9 0,8

Area /hec/ 4163.0 2504.0 6078.9 3035.4 3070.0

Engineering designed irrigation system’s structure developed dramatically in 1970-1990s

Irrigation systems

Dam reservoir for the purpose of irrigation system

Gobi-Altai province, Tsogtvillage ”Khaya”-reservoir for irrigation system

Tuv province, Jargalantvillage dam reservoir for

irrigation system

Qualification / Years 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Number of new irrigation system 2 1 15 12 44

Total investment, mil USD 0.096 0.043 4.58 2.6 4.9

Area /hec/ 130 136 2579.0 1414.9 6410.0

Pit well in operationShot tube well –cased well with steel pipe

Animal watering in man made rain and snow collecting Pond

Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells

Simple dug well /Average depth is 3-5m/Borehole and pump station for

watering animals / depth 40-200m/

Well types 1990 2000 2003 2006

À. Total wells 24,556 8,183 19,189 10,000

• Borehole /40-200m/ 7,486 - 5,542 -

• Short tube well /10-30m/ 7,624 - 6,022 -

• Pit well /10-30/ 9,446 - 7,605 -

b. Simple well /3-5m/ 17,024 22,714 20,654 28,600

Total 41,580 30,897 39,843 38,700

Herdsmen and livestock water supply wells

Flood Protection StructuresFlood Protection Structures mainly built areas; Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet cities, Uliastai, Sukhbaatar, Bulgan, Ulaangom provincial town and Chinggis Khan Aeroflot of Ulaanbaatar, Railway Station of Sukhbaatar town, Umnogobi and Bayankhongor province Aeroflot. Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan city Flood Protection Structures current situations are taken as an example and given an assessment and summary of on behalf of other Flood Protections Structures condition in Mongolia. Totally, there are 64 flood protection dams and channels.

Flood protection structure

Hydro Power Plant

In use - small HPP – 6, /200-2000KW/ New built - HPP– 5, /11-12MW/Planning - HPP- 5, /100-220MW/

Industry water supply

There are bigger 230 industries in Mongolia and its 70 % works in Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet and Darkhan cities. The industries use the water from centralized water supply network and about 300 wells.Annual water use - 140 mil ì3.

Mining water supply structuresOver 200 industries working.In it :120 – ground water80 – surface water.

For the water infrastructure : Dust dam reservoir- 80wells- 210

Waste water treatment plant

In states, there are 103 water treatment plants.Normally working 41abnormally working 27Activities stopped 35877 km long waste water pipelines, Waste water pumping station 29.Manual treatment plant 10, Natural treatment plant 5, Artificial biological treatment plant 8. Annually, over 200 mil m3 waste water is treating.

Ulaanbaatar city’s central water treatment plant

Factory’s waste treatment plant

1. Many patterns of ownership and usage /state, private, enterprises, local area properties etc/

2. Controlling on construction activities and /lack of rule and regulation/

3. Lack of investment4. Poor capacity building5. Collecting information and data /no integrated

database/6. Less developed economy and ecological value is not

important for developing country such as Mongolia7. Less developed PPP8. Link programs and projects for “Green Growth”

Problems

Objectives

Make an adjustment to runoff of bigger rivers and transfer the runoff to the area where is creating desertification, dust storm and poor water resources

Construct the water resources complex and use it for multipurpose

Increase the water resources in a way of artificial lakes, ponds, reservoirs stored from rain and snow water

Privatize the wells are in purpose of herders and animal husbandry water supply, to make wells for each of herders family

Be reflected a Strategic planning policy of water infrastructure in state water management planning

Increase the loan and assistance of domestic and foreign investors for the water infrastructure

DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC ZONES OF MONGOLIA

Priority issues of regional cooperation

1. Multi purpose dame on the Tuul river project: for Water supply of Ulaanbaatar city and Hydro power, approximate cost: 60-70 mln.US$

2. “Orkhon-Govi” project: for water supply of mining industry in the Gobi region and irrigation Grassland, water supply of herdsmen and livestock husbandry. approximate cost: 500 mln.US$

3. Herlen-Gobi project: divert water from the Herlen river and supply it to the Southeastern Gobi regions, for agricultural users, farming, livestock and mining. approximate cost: 400 mln.US$

Wastewater reuse project

Dams for 36mln.cubic meterCapacity HPP -50MWReusing water for coal power plant No3 and No4 73000m3/dayReusing water for green area-24000m3/day

Wastewater capacity 170000m3/day

Building of big dams last 5 years

Recommendations:

-Develop non physical WI /improve organizational, managerial and legislative issues in water sector of Mongolia/-strengthen strategic planning and management of water resources at the national and local levels- Manage water sources and construct big dams and multipurpose reservoirs- promote water education and provide public participation-Involvement regional projects, invite international expert in E/E water infrastructure and analyze, prepare regional related data for development WI