Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Direzione Generale per la Lotta alla Contraffazione – Ufficio Italiano Brevetti e Marchi Statistics on Italian Patent Applications. A general overview and highlights on specific technological sectors Divisione VII – Brevetti nazionali, europei e domande internazionali di brevetto Loredana Guglielmetti 1
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Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Direzione Generale per la Lotta alla Contraffazione – Ufficio Italiano Brevetti e Marchi
Statistics on Italian Patent Applications. A general overview and highlights on specific technological sectors
Divisione VII – Brevetti nazionali, europei e domande internazionali di brevetto Loredana Guglielmetti
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Outline
Innovation trends analyses
WIPO Technology Concordance Table
Technological fields of Italian patents
Technological fields of European patents validated in Italy
Focus on GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
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Innovation trends analyses Use of Patent Data
Faults:
Some kind of innovation is not included (for ex.; organization or logistics evolution, …)
Not all technical innovations are patented (for ex., use of trade secrets)
Not all companies correctly use patent protection
Some patents have more technological relevance than others
High or low patent-intensive fields ( ex: HIGH: Pharmaceuticals – Biotechnology – LOW: AI and IoT) WIPO, Economic research, N. 34, May 2017
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Innovation trends analyses Use of Patent Data
However patent is an important and valuable technological innovation and market trends indicator .
Patent DB contain the latest technological information, hardly found in other sources
Patent data provide rich and valuable information about the innovation activity of a specific country
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Italian Patent Data
General analysis carried out by UIBM:
Data sources: IT patent Register - EP Register
IPC
Patent applications rather than granted p.
Patent application refers to a SINGLE patent application
patent data from 2008 to 2018
Today data on patents (inventions) filed 2014-2018 are presented
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Patent applications filed with UIBM 2014- 2018
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year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Inventions 9.382 9.687 9.821 9.668 9.822
Utility
models 2.497 2.910 2.198 2.096 1.967
Total 11.879 11.977 12.019 11.764 11.789
Patent Search Strategy : IPC - International Patent Classification
Italian patents are classified under the IPC scheme, according to the technology areas they relate to (last update2019.01)
Classification allows:
• Invention identification according to its technological area, thus facilitating the archiviation
• Quick access to patent documents through careful search. Prior art search would be very difficult without classification, considering that a search through only keywords, for ex., could retrieve inaccurate or incomplete results
• Correctly assign patent applications to examiners
In 2008 WIPO defined 5 technological sectors, subdivided into 35 broad, omogeneous technological fields, to group and categorise patents according to the classification attributed to them under the IPC scheme (http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/technology_concordance.html)
WIPO TCT represents a valuable means for retrieving data and study trends in technological sector allowing economic analyses and performance comparisons of different countries or geographical areas.
Textile and paper machines 196 2,38% 237 2,79% 223 2,60% 213 2,49% 126 2,03% 2,48%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 *
Mechanical engineering account for about 40% of Italian patent applications, but this is a too broad analysis. It is necessary to analyse each technical field the ME area is composed of
• CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES 14 Guglielmetti
Main Fields of Italian patenting activity
Technological field Sub-fields % applications
1 Civil engineering
Building; doors; windows; shutters; ladders locks; keys; construction of
roads; railways; or bridges; hydraulic engineering; foundations; soil
shifting; earth drilling; mining;
7,84%
2 Handling
Conveying; packing; storing
7,44%
3 Transport Vehicle parts, railway-train equipment, cycles, ships and aviation 7,38%
Lighting, elements of electrical engineering, production /
transformation and distribution of electricity
4,69% 15
A FOCUS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
What are green technologies?
Green technologies are environmentally sound technologies as defined in Chapter 34 of Agenda 21 (The United Nations Program of Action from Rio, 1992).
Green technologies “protect the environment, are less polluting, use all resources in a more sustainable manner, recycle more of their wastes and products, and handle residual waste in a more acceptable manner than the technologies for which they were substitutes”.
A FOCUS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGIES (ESTS) Source: Innovation and Diffusion of Green Technologies: The role of IP and other Enabling Factors, wipo_rep_gc_2015_1
MITIGATION ADAPTATION
Renewable energy technologies (e.g.
biofuels, solar photovoltaic, solar
thermal, wind)
Climate-resistant infrastructures
(e.g. sea walls, drainage capacity,
water, forest and biodiversity
management)
Carbon capture and storage Irrigation systems
Electric and hybrid vehicles Drought-resistant crops
Smart power grids Higher-yield seeds (for more arid
and saline soils)
Clean coal technologies
Green buildings
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A FOCUS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES PATENTS
USE of PATENTS as a source of information
Finding green technologies in patent
GTs have applications in a wide range of technical areas. To identify GTs PATENTS there is NO single approach, NO unique set of indicators
• OECD: Green indicators
• EPO: specific tagging scheme = Y02/Y04 SCHEME
• WIPO: IPC GREEN INVENTORY
• …
Need to: broaden data inspection to combination of classification and keywords, etc, that should be used with other information in order to draw meaningful conclusions
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A FOCUS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
At UIBM IPC is currently used for classification of national patent applications
Y02/Y04 scheme cannot be used
Different search strategies have been adopted…
WIPO IPC green inventory
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IPC Green Inventory
Launched in 2010 by as an online tool for searching and retrieving patent in GTs , the IPC Green Inventory was developed by the IPC Committee of Experts, facilitates searches for patent information relating to Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs), as listed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
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IPC Green Inventory
As ESTs are scattered across the IPC in many technical fields, the Inventory facilitates the search and retrieval of patents
The IPC Green Inventory contains about 200 topics that are directly relevant to GTs, organized into 7 major subject areas.
Each topic is linked with the most relevant IPC symbols
7 NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION 1,23% 1,34% 2,32% 0,79% 1,96% 1,51%
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Top Technical Fields in EST filed at UIBM (2014-2018)
Technical Field Tot. % Carbon/emissions trading, e.g. pollution credits 19,97% Pollution control 12,75% Vehicles other than rail vehicles 6,64% Solar energy 6,41% Thermal building insulation, in general 6,08% Power supply circuitry 5,39%
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A FOCUS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
ESTs are useless until they are actually implemented and used.
To be effectively disseminated and used GTs require support by both
private and public sectors.
problems
Market failures (substitutability, prices of competing and complementary
goods, ....)
Specific uncertainties (future environmental policies, technology transfer…)