CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSION FOR MARITIME TRANSPORT Network Members of Central American Port Statistics Year 2010 Summary Statistical T Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico CORSAIN PUERTO “ For a Region Competitive and Integrated Development of Shipping and International Trade ” Impulsando el progreso de El Salvador
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CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMISSION FOR MARITIME TRANSPORT
Network Membersof Central American
Port Statistics
Year 2010Summary
Statistical
T
Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico
CORSAINPUERTO
“ For a Region Competitive and Integrated Development of Shipping and International Trade ”
Impulsando el progresode El Salvador
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C e n t r a l A m e r i c a n p o r t s t a t i s t i c a l s u m m a r y Y e a r 2 0 1 0
Statistical Summary
Year 2010
Network Members of
Central American Port Statistics
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Credits Network members of Central American port statistics
Chart No. 1.6.1. : Cargo discharged and loaded breakdown by littoral at CACM ports ...... 30
Chart No. 1.6.2.: Cargo throughput at CACM ports by country ......................................... 31
Chart No. 1.6.3.: Traffic throughput by type of cargo at CACM ports ............................... 31
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CHARTS
Chart No. 1.7.1.:Origin and destination of the cargo handled at ports in Central America by
geographic regions ................................................................................................................ 33
Chart No. 1.7.2.: Central American Isthmus: Cargo handled in ports by geografhic regions
of the world by country ....................................................................................................... 34
Chart No. 1.7.3.: Central American isthmus: Origin of cargo handled in ports by geographic
regions in the world by countries ......................................................................................... 37
Chart No. 1.7.4.: Central American Isthmus: Origin of cargo handled at ports by country,
according to geografhical regions of rhe world .................................................................... 37
Chart No. 1.7.5.: Central American Isthmus: Cargo loaded in ports by country acordinng to
geographical regions of destination ...................................................................................... 38
Chart No. 1.7.6.: Central American Isthmus: Cargo loaded in ports by country according
to geographical regions of destination. ................................................................................. 38
Chart No. 2.1.: Distribution by type of vessel at Central America ...................................... 40
Chart No. 2.2.:Distribution by type of vessel at CACM Ports ............................................. 40
Chart No. 3.1.: Top Container ports throughput on Central America .................................. 42
Chart No. 3.2.: Container ports throughput on Central America by littoral ......................... 42
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5 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Foreword The Central American Maritime Transport Commission (COCATRAM) is pleased to present
to the maritime port community of the Central American isthmus this Summary of Maritime
Port Statistics for 2010 as a tool for support in decision-making and research in the subsector.
This Statistical Summary is structured in two parts, the first with three sections: Cargo,
Vessels, and Containers that briefly take up the main aspects of port performance in the
Central American region in 2010. The second part contains the annexes with statistical tables
that consolidate the regional information.
The main sources of information are the Port Companies and Authorities of the region that
compile national port statistics through the members of the Central American Network of
Maritime Port Statistics that has functioned since 2000, coordinated by COCATRAM.
Information is presented from the 40 ports for international service operated by State and
private companies in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and
Panama.
The three sections making up the first part of the Summary present in a general and
commented manner the information related to cargo, vessels, and container traffic in relation
to the ports, countries, total volume of foreign trade, type of handling, origin and destination
of the cargo by port and geographic region, type of vessel, and container size, among others.
For the second straight year, this issue includes the Origin and Destination of the cargo, as
well as a glossary of terms used that are related to the Statistical Summary, offering the users
other elements for consideration in decision-making.
COCATRAM, together with the port companies and authorities of the Central American
isthmus, has maintained its commitment to publishing this document, completely aware of its
great importance.
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Conventional Signs
- : Data not applicable
… : Information not available
0 : Figure did not reach the first expressed unit
Acronyms
C : Caribbean Seaboard
C.C.T . : Colon Container Terminal
COCATRAM : Central American Commission of Maritime Transport.
C.P.T. : Colon Port Terminal
CACM : Central American Common Marked
MIT : Manzanillo International Terminal
PATSA : Petro America Terminal S.A
PPC : Panama Port Cristobal
PPB : Panama Port Balboa
P : Pacific Seaboard
TEU : Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
MT : Metric Ton
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1.Cargo movement
1.1. Cargo handled by country and port
The amount of cargo mobilized in Central American ports in 2010 rose to 104.2 million MT, 4.1 million MT more than in 2009, for a growth rate similar to that year of 4.1%.
Because of the worldwide economic crisis, in 2008 and 2009, most countries of the isthmus saw the movement of containerized cargo decline to a certain extent. From 2006 to 2007, cargo movement had a variation of 9.4%, while from 2007 to 2008, the increase was 1.9% and from 2008 to 2009, it was 4.2%. From 2008 to 2009, it rose 4.2% and from 2009 to 2010, the increase was similar (4.1%), with the difference being that in the latest period, the rate of increase applied to all the countries of the isthmus.
As shown in Table 1.1.1, these increases in cargo movement in Central America are the result of the cargo flow mainly from Panama, which handled close to half the cargo moved in the region during this period.
Table 1.1.1: Central American Isthmus: Annual growth rates of cargo handling between 2007 and
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Along this line, 2010 has been a year of recovery. The countries show increases; however, as seen in Table 1.1.1, countries like Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica have still not recovered to the cargo levels handled up till 2007, with negative or null growth rates in 2010 compared to that year.
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In the case of Guatemala, during that period, cargo handling remained relatively constant, while El Salvador had negative growth of cargo volume handled (-12.4%), as did Costa Rica (-1.5%).
Panama, Honduras, and Nicaragua show effective progress in cargo handling during the same period (2007/2010), while Panama ended it with an accumulated rate of 22.3%, Honduras with 7.8%, and Nicaragua with 2.4%.
Despite the increases in 2010, there has been very little variation in terms of the percentage distribution of cargo handling. Likewise, cargo volume for Panama, like the year before, is higher than the CACM.
Chart 1.1.1 shows the percentage distribution of cargo by country from 2007 to 2010.
Chart No. 1.1.1
Central America breakdown of cargo throughput by country 2007- 2010
Chart 1.1.2 below shows cargo movement by port. As can be seen, cargo movement is concentrated in 12 main ports that represent 80.6% of the movement on the isthmus.
2007 2008 2009 2010
17.9% 16.5% 16.0% 16.2%
6.5% 6.3% 4.9% 5.2%
10.4% 10.9% 9.4% 10.2%
3.1% 2.9% 2.8% 2.9%
14.5% 14.5%
12.1% 12.9%
47.5% 49.0% 54.8% 52.6%
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Panama
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Honduras
El Salvador
Guatemala
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Chart No. 1.1.2.: Cargo throughput at Central American, 2010
(In thousands of metric tons)
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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Cargo movement in ports by country in 2010 is described below:
Guatemala
It is in first place in the CACM and second in the isthmus in terms of cargo movement. From 2007
to 2010, the average growth rate was 1.3% and from 2007 to 2010, there was no growth.
The Port of Quetzal is in first place for cargo movement in the country with 7.5 million MT,
followed by Santo Tomas de Castilla with 4.7 million MT. Both ports had negative growth rates last
year but this year, they recovered from the drop with growth of 12.9% and 8.6%, respectively. The
Port of Barrios saw movement of 2.7 million MT for an increase of 8.0% and Boyas de San José
moved 535,500 MT less than in 2009.
El Salvador
It had growth in 2010 compared to 2009, with an increase of 9.4% after two consecutive years of
reduction in cargo volume with an average annual negative growth rate (-1.9%) from 2007 to 2010,
reflecting an accumulated decline of -12.4% (a reduction of cargo movement by 764.54 MT in the
period).
Acajutla, the main port, had a 17.5% reduction in 2009 compared to 2008, while it increased by
10.6% in 2010 compared to 2009. As in the previous period, Corsain handled less cargo with a
decline of -51.7%. This reduction, according to a source in the Port Company, is because bulk cargo
vessels have transferred operations to the Port of La Unión and a reduction in the shoals of fish.
Honduras
The main port of this country, Cortés, increased cargo movement in 2010 compared to 2009 by
12.0%. The Port of San Lorenzo had a growth rate over the previous period of 27.9%, while the
Ports of Tela and Castilla had negative growth rates of -7.2% and -14.8%, respectively.
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Nicaragua
The port with the greatest increase in cargo volume in 2010 was El Bluff with a variation of 30.6%
compared to 2009. The Port of Corinto follows with a 7.3% increase and representing around 70’%
of the cargo the country handles. The other ports – Arlen Siu and Sandino – have growth rates of
4.0% and 3.3%, respectively. Puerto Cabezas had a -8.5% drop in cargo movement compared to last
year.
Costa Rica
In 2009, it had a reduction in cargo movement at all ports; however, in 2010, there was better
performance with its main ports, Limón-Moín and Caldera, seeing 10.9% and 13.3% increases,
respectively, compared to 2009. The Punta Morales Terminal had an increase of 39.4%, while the
Fertica and Puntarenas Terminals continued to decline with negative rates of -19.1% and -9.7%,
respectively.
Panamá
As mentioned above, Panama continues to lead the rest of the Central American countries in terms
of cargo volume handling and it is showing that over time, it is gradually gaining a larger share.
From 2007 to 2010, it has an accumulated growth rate of 22.3%. It is important to note that more
than 80% of the cargo handled in the Panamanian port system is from transshipping.
The increases in cargo in ports for the 2009 to 2010 period are led by the Samba Bonita Terminal,
which grew by 668.3% this year, going from 4,100 MT in 2009 to 31,700 MT in 2010. It is
followed by Colón Port Terminal with 76.22% growth in cargo movement. The Bocas Fruit Co. and
Decal Terminals also had major increases: 66.4% and 60.0%, respectively. PPB and PPC and
Chiriqui Grande had increases of 29.7%, 25.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. The Charco Azul
petroleum terminal, which had a 123% increase in 2009 over 2008, saw a drop of -61.6% in 2010.
The Granelera Terminal had a -72.5% decrease.
Table 1.1.2 shows cargo movements in ports in 2009 and 2010, as well as the absolute and
percentage variations between the two years.
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Table 1.1.2: Cargo throughput at Central American Ports, (In thousands of metric tons)
Year 2009-2010
Ports Littoral 2010 2009 Differences
( Tm) Differences
(%)
Central American 104,152.05 100,143.54 4,009 4.00
PPB P 20,137.97 15,525.00 4,613 29.71
MIT C 10,808.55 9,447.80 1,361 14.40
Limón-Moín C 9,943.07 8,965.76 977 10.90
Puerto Cortés C 8,383.23 7,366.27 1,017 13.81
Quetzal P 7,483.41 6,629.64 854 12.88
PPC C 5,647.21 4,502.17 1,145 25.43
Charco Azul P 5,426.02 14,141.96 -8,716 -61.63
Acajutla P 5,343.20 4,830.16 513 10.62
Sto To. de Castilla C 4,745.50 4,368.84 377 8.62
Chiriquí Grande C 3,366.35 3,159.19 207 6.56
CCT C 3,359.75 2,962.17 398 13.42
Caldera P 3,274.54 2,889.57 385 13.32
Barrios C 2,714.90 2,512.07 203 8.07
T. Petrolero C 2,496.24 2,186.66 310 14.16
Corinto P 2,090.61 1,947.96 143 7.32
Boyas de San José P 1,932.23 2,467.80 -536 -21.70
T. Decal P 1,574.84 984.22 591 60.01
San Lorenzo P 1,174.32 918.33 256 27.88
PATSA P 1,118.06 889.20 229 25.74
Sandino P 849.97 822.48 27 3.34
Puerto Castilla C 717.72 842.35 -125 -14.80
Bocas Fruit Co. C 644.36 387.23 257 66.40
Tela C 295.67 318.48 -23 -7.16
T. Punta Morales P 198.90 142.69 56 39.39
T. Granelera C 187.13 679.54 -492 -72.46
T. Fertica P 55.93 69.16 -13 -19.13
Corsain p 48.56 100.59 -52 -51.72
Arlen Siu A 32.16 30.94 1 3.95
T. Samba Bonita C 31.66 4.12 28 668.26
El Bluff A 23.13 17.72 5 30.57
CPT C 21.30 12.09 9 76.22
Cabezas A 13.28 14.52 -1 -8.51
La Ceiba C 10.66 5.06 6 110.45
Puntarenas P 1.65 1.82 0 -9.67
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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1.2. Relation between foreign trade and
port traffic
The total volume of foreign trade in Central America in 2010 was 63.17 million MT ($76.26 million dollars), an increase of 19.26% in volume and 16.10% in monetary terms.
Table 1.2.1 gives detailed figures for each country. Of this value, 70.01% is for imports and 29.90% for exports. Imports were 65.0% of the volume and exports were the remaining 35.0%.
Table 1.2.1: Value and volume of foreign trade
(Thousands of U.S. dollars and thousand of metric tons) Year 2010
Costa Rica 13,440,463 8,619.25 9,164,832 7,272.30 22,605,295 15,891.55
C A C M 44,246,949 34,828.46 22,143,697 21,092.65 66,390,646 55,921.11
Panama 9,145,308 6,229.90 725,155 1,020.51 9,870,463 7,250.41
Total 53,392,257 41,058,36 22,868,852 22,113,16 76,261,109 63,171.52
Source: Trade Statistics System of Central-SEC-based on information supplied by the countries of Central and Comptroller General of the Republic of Panama Costa Rica: Central Bank of Costa Rica,, El Salvador: Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador, Guatemala: Bank of Guatemala, Honduras: National Statistics Institute of de Honduras, Nicaragua: Ministry of Industry and Trade of Nicaragua exports Expressed in FOB (free on board), not including insurance and freight Imports as CIF includes Cost, Insurance and Freight
Table 1.2.2 gives information comparing foreign trade movement in thousands of MT going through maritime ports and foreign trade as a whole in the countries of the isthmus.
Note that the figures for cargo mobilized in Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama are greater than those recorded for foreign trade. This is mainly because of cargo in transit that is loaded or offloaded in other countries. Nicaragua, for example, loads or offloads part of its cargo through the Port of Cortés and El Salvador loads or offloads through Honduras and Guatemala, and Costa Rica does so in Panama. Panama also has major transshipment activity in its ports, interoceanic
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transshipping of fuel or from the Colón free zone and the Petroleum Free Zone, activities that generate port activity but that are considered as foreign trade for the country.
Table 1.2.2: Volume of foreign trade and cargo handled
Panama 6,229.90 30,397.87 1,020.51 24,421.55 7,250.41 54,819.43
Total 41,058.36 61,739.64 22,113.17 42,412.41 63,717.53 104,152.05
Source: Compiled from data from the SEC-SIECA, port companies in Central America and Panama Maritime Authority
1.3. Cargo handled by seaboard
The countries of the Central American Isthmus have ports on both seaboards, except for El Salvador which only has coast on the Pacific.
The Caribbean ports mobilize 51.3% of the total cargo on the isthmus, while the Pacific accounts for the remaining 48.7%. Compared to previous years, the Caribbean had a 3.6 percentage point increase in share, while the Pacific decreased by the same amount.
Of the 61.73 million MT that were disembarked in the period, 46.5% was on the Caribbean Seaboard and 53.5% was on the Pacific. This ratio has been the general tendency, except in 2009 when there was a significant increase at the Charco Azul Port in Panama that resulted in the Pacific Seaboard having more cargo movement. Likewise, of the 42.4 million MT of loaded, 58.3% was on the Caribbean and 41.7% was on the Pacific.
Chart 1.1.3.1 shows cargo volume totals and by seaboard in thousands of MT loaded and offloaded.
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Chart No. 1.3.1: Cargo discharged and loaded by littoral in Central American Ports, 2010
(Thousands of metric tons)
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
There was a 14.8% increase of cargo offloaded and an 8.7% increase in cargo loaded on the Caribbean Seaboard.
Cargo movement on the Caribbean Seaboard increased 12.0% over 2009, equivalent to 5.75 million MT. The ports with the greatest volume of cargo mobilized on this seaboard in 2010 are MIT and PPC in Panama, Limón-Moín in Costa Rica, Puerto Cortés in Honduras, and Santo Tomas Castilla in Guatemala, which mobilized around 70% of the cargo.
Meanwhile, the Pacific Seaboard had a -3.2% drop in cargo movement, equivalent to 1.65 million MT. The ports with the greatest cargo volumes on this seaboard in 2010 are PPB, which moves 30% of the cargo for this seaboard, followed by Quetzal in Guatemala, Charco Azul in Panama, and Acajutla in El Salvador. Together they represent 70% of the total cargo.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Pacific seabord Caribbean seabord Botth seabord
33,029 28,710
61,740
17,681 24,732
42,412 50,710 53,442
104,152
Offloaded Loaded Total
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Table 1.3.1: Cargo loaded offloaded on the Caribbean seaboard by type of handling and port,(Thousands of metric tons), Year 2010
Ports General Cargo Containerized RO - RO Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk Others Total
T. Decal - - - - - - - - 1,574.84 - - - 1,574.84 - 1,574.84 Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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1.4. Cargo handled by quarter
In 2010, the average quarterly movement of cargo on the Central American Isthmus was 18.4 million MT, of which 12.3 million MT corresponded to movement of the CACM. The average quarterly movement of cargo by country was 4.2 million MT for Guatemala, 1.3 million MT for El Salvador, 2.6 million MT for Honduras, 0.8 million MT for Nicaragua, 3.4 million MT for Costa Rica, and 6.1 million MT for Panama.
The first quarter of 2010 had the greatest increase in cargo, 12.3% more than the same period in 2009. During this quarter, all countries increased cargo movement in their ports. Costa Rica had the greatest increase with 24.8% more than for the same period the year before. Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras also had major increases that quarter: 17.2%, 15.3%, and 15.8%, respectively.
With regard to quarterly comparison in 2010, Chart 1.4.1 shows the variation in cargo movement for the Central American Isthmus and for the CACM and the countries making it up. The greatest variation happened in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year when there was a reduction in the CACM countries, mainly in Guatemala.
Chart No. 1.4.1. Evolution of cargo throughput by country
(Quarterly, Thousand of metric tons), Year 2010
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
I II III IV
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
CACM
Panama
Central America
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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Between the 1st and 2nd quarters of the year, the variation in the isthmus was 10.9% and in the CACM, it reached 14.3%. The country with the greatest variation in this period was Guatemala with 32.0%, followed by Nicaragua with a percentage variation of 24.5%.
The greatest drops in cargo movement in the ports happened between the 2nd and 3rd quarters. All the countries of the CACM had lower cargo volumes, resulting in a variation of -11.2% for the Central American Isthmus and -19.1% for the CACM. Guatemala and Nicaragua had the greatest declines in cargo with -26.3% and -16.6%, respectively. Panama was the exception during this period. It had sustained increases between quarters all year, with the greatest percentage increase (7.2%) between the 2nd and 3rd quarters.
The quarterly average for movement of offloaded cargo in the Central American Isthmus was 15.4 million MT in 2010, with the average in the CACM reaching 7.8 million MT. Panama was the country with the greatest quarterly average for offloading, with 7.6 million MT, followed by Guatemala with 2.6 million MT and Costa Rica with a quarterly average of 1.9 million MT.
Chart 1.4.2 displays the tendency shown by offloaded cargo movement in the ports of the Central American Isthmus and its countries during the four quarters of 2010. As can be seen, the highest variation happened between the 1st and 2nd quarters.
Chart No. 1.4.2. Cargo offloaded in Central American Ports by quarter
(Thousand of metric tons) Year 2010
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
I II III IV
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
CACM
Panama
Central America
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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In the 2nd quarter, Guatemala was the country with the highest variation with an increase of 52.1% with respect to the 1st, followed by Nicaragua with an increase in offloading of 45.7%, resulting in an incremental variation for the Central American Isthmus of 13.1% and 22.6% for the CACM. Meanwhile, the lowest variation between quarters was between the 2nd and 3rd quarters when Nicaragua saw a more pronounced drop of -19.9%, closely followed by El Salvador with -19.6% and Guatemala with -18.8%. Panama was the only country of the isthmus that had no negative variation in any quarter in 2010.
In terms of loaded cargo in 2010, there was a quarterly average of 10.6 million MT in the isthmus and of 4.5 million MT for the CACM. Panama, Guatemala, and Costa Rica had the highest quarterly averages of loaded cargo (6.1, 1.6, and 1.5 million MT, respectively).
Char No. 1.4.3. Cargo loaded in Central American Port by quarter (Thousand of metric tons), Year 2010
Chart 1.4.3 shows the quarterly behavior of loaded cargo in the isthmus as a whole, for the CACM, and for each country, showing the variations in loaded cargo behavior. The highest variation for the isthmus happened between the 1st and 2nd quarters with a variation of 3.0% and for the isthmus, it happened between the 3rd and 4th quarters with 2.9%. The biggest drop between quarters for loading was between the 2nd and 3rd quarters with -7.0% for the isthmus and -23.6% for the CACM.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
I II III IV
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
CACM
Panama
Central America
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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1.5. Cargo by type of handling
In 2010, cargo movement by type of handling increased compared to the year before, except for Bulk Liquids, which saw its percentage share drop from 38.87% in 2009 to 27.57% in 2010.
Containerized cargo, which dropped 4.4 percentage points in 2009, increased by 9.3 percentage points in 2010. It represents 56.6% of the total, while Bulk Solids rose 1.4 percentage points with 11.14%. General Cargo (2.61%) and Ro-Ro Cargo (0.78%) had slight increases in their share compared to 2009.
Table 1.5.1 shows the percentage share for the different types of cargo handling over the last five years.
Table 1.5.1.: Cargo breakdown at Central American Ports by type of handling and percentage
Years (2006 - 2010)
Period General Cargo
Containerized Ro-Ro Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk Others Total Cargo (Thousand
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority.
The volume of containerized cargo rose in 2010 to 58.95 million MT, 11.64 million MT more than in 2009. 77.4% of this increase was in Panamanian ports, 9.6% in Costa Rican ports, and 6.2% in Guatemalan ports.
Containerized cargo represented 56.60% of the total cargo movement in the Central American Isthmus with 46.83% of offloaded and 53.17% loaded. On the Pacific Seaboard, 24.1 million MT was mobilized (55.5% offloaded, 44.5% loaded), while on the Caribbean Seaboard, 34.9 million MT was mobilized (40.82% offloaded, 59.18% loaded).
The Panamanian ports of MIT on the Caribbean and PPB on the Pacific led in loading and offloading containerized cargo. PPB mobilized 78% of the offloading and 79% of the loading.
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24 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Chart 1.5.1 shows the total volume of containerized cargo loaded and offloaded by seaboard, expressed in MT and percentages.
Chart No. 1.5.1.: Containerized cargo volume by littoral in Central American Ports
(Thousand of metric tons), Year 2010
The volume of General Cargo in 2010 was 2.71 million MT, a 19.95% increase compared to 2009. The most important variations were in El Salvador with a 147.3% increase because of major offloading of iron and iron products, followed by Nicaragua with a 101.8% increase. Panama dropped by 10.6%. Guatemala accounted for 43.33% and Costa Rica for 23.0% of this type of cargo in the Central American region.
Ro-Ro Cargo handling, which had been dropping in previous years, rose 34.8% in 2010, mainly because of Nicaragua and Panama increasing this type of cargo by 92.9% and 101.2%, respectively. On the other hand, Guatemala and Honduras continued to see drops of -41-4% and -46.3%, respectively.
Bulk Solids increased by 19.35% while Bulk Liquids dropped by 26.24%. Both the increase for Bulk Solids and the decrease for Bulk Liquids happened in all the countries.
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Pacific Caribbean Central America
Offloaded 13,379 14,225 27,604
Loaded 10,716 20,625 31,342
Total 24,095 34,851 58,946
55.5% 40.8%
46.8%
44.5%
59.2%
53.17%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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25 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
The share of Bulk Liquids, which was 38.87% in 2009, dropped to 27.54% in 2010, while the share of Bulk Solids rose 1.42%, even though the volume of this cargo handled dropped.
Chart 1.5.2 gives information about the distribution of total cargo movement by type of handling.
Chart No. 1.5.2.: Traffic cargo breakdown by type of cargo at Central
American ports for 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
The distribution of offloaded cargo was 44.72% as Containerized (equivalent to 27.61 million MT, an increase of 6.39 million MT compared to last year), 35.60% was Bulk Liquids (equivalent to 21.97 million MT for a 5.04 million MT reduction compared to last year), 15.07% was Bulk Solids (a 1% increase compared to 2009), 2.57% was General Cargo, and 0.80% was Ro-Ro Cargo (a slight increase for the latter two types).
The Caribbean ports mobilized 46.51% of the offloading in the isthmus, of which 49.55% was Containerized Cargo and 36.84% was Bulk Liquids. The other types of cargo were offloaded in lesser proportions: 2.88% General Cargo, 1.08% Ro-Ro Cargo, and 7.45% Bulk Liquids.
Chart 1.5.3 shows the share of each type of handling for offloaded cargo in the ports of the isthmus.
General Cargo 2,716.70 2.61%
Containerized 58,945.72 56.60%
Ro-Ro 760.72 0.73%
Dry Bulk 11,607.21 11.14%
Liquid Bulk 28,711.57 27.57%
Others 1,410.14
1.35%
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26 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Chart No. 1.5.3.: Traffic discharged breakdown by type of cargo at Central American ports for 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
In terms of loaded cargo movement in the region, in 2010 containerized cargo accounted for close to three-quarters of the cargo moved in the Central American ports with a 73.93% share, equivalent to 31.34 million MT, an increase of 5.33 million MT over 2009. Distribution by seaboard was 65.91% on the Caribbean Seaboard and 34.09% through Pacific ports.
In terms of loaded Bulk Liquids, they account for 15.88% on the isthmus, equivalent to 6.74 million MT, mainly loaded at Pacific ports (71.81%). General Cargo, Ro-Ro, and Bulk Dry had slight increases in their share of loading on the isthmus, going from 2.40% to 2.65%, 0.50% to 0.63%, and 4.10% to 5.42%, respectively.
General Cargo 1,588.95 2.57%
Containerized 27,604.20 44.71%
Ro-Ro 490.99 0.80%
Dry Bulk , 9,301.04 15.06%
Liquid Bulk 21,985.61 35.61%
Others 768.84 1.25%
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27 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Chart No. 1.5.4.: Traffic loaded breakdown by type of cargo at Central American Ports for 2010
Source: Central America Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
General Cargo on the Caribbean Seaboard represented 63.53%, equivalent to 1.73 million MT, of which 47.93% was offloaded and 52.07% was loaded. Meanwhile on the Pacific, 990.0 million MT was mobilized, or 36.44% of the total, with 76.90% of this offloaded and 23.10% loaded. Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla, and Limón-Moín were the ports with the greatest volumes of General Cargo.
In terms of Containerized Cargo, on the Caribbean Seaboard, 40.71% was offloaded and 59.29% was loaded, while on the Pacific, offloading was 55.53% and loading was 44.47%. The Caribbean ports with the highest volumes were MIT with 10.57 million MT, followed by Limón-Moín with 6.90 million MT and PPC with 4.6 million MT. On the Pacific, this segment of cargo handling was concentrated in PPB with 19.07 million MT, followed by Quetzal and Caldera with 1.88 and 1.27 million MT, respectively.
Of the Ro-Ro Cargo mobilized, 76.31% was on the Caribbean Seaboard and 23.69% was on the Pacific. Most of this cargo on the Pacific was offloaded (99.88%). The ports of PPB, Quetzal, Caldera, and Corinto (in that order) mobilized all this cargo on the Pacific Seaboard. On the Caribbean, 53.57% of the Ro-Ro Cargo was offloaded and 46.43% was loaded. The ports mobilizing that cargo were MIT in first place, followed by PPC, Santo Tomas de Castilla, Limón-Moín, and Cortés.
General Cargo 1,127.75
2.66%
Containerized 31,341.52
73.90%
Ro-Ro 269.72 0.64%
Dry Bulk , 2,306.17
5.44%
Liquid Bulk 6,725.95 15.86%
Others 641.30 1.51%
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28 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Bulk Solids cargo movement is mainly done at the Pacific ports, which handled 77.51% of this cargo (equivalent to 9.00 million MT) in 2010, divided into 79.60% offloaded and 20.40% loaded. The ports with the greatest volumes of this cargo were Quetzal and Acajutla. On the Caribbean Seaboard, 2.6 million MT were mobilized, equivalent to 22.49% of the total (79.60% offloaded and 20.40% loaded). The most representative port for this type of cargo is Cortés with a volume of 1.71 million MT.
Bulk Liquid cargo during this period amounted to 12.48 million MT with 56.54% handled on the Pacific and 43.46% on the Caribbean. On the Pacific Seaboard, the volume offloaded was greater than that loaded (70.20% vs 29.30%). The Port of Charco Azul continued to lead this year with 5.43 million MT, despite having an overall reduction of around 2 million MT. Acajutla followed with 2.25 million MT and then came T Decal with 1.5 million MT and PATSA with 1.12 million MT. On the Caribbean, the offloaded volume accounted for 84.78% of the total and 15.22% was loaded. The ports that handled the greatest volumes of Bulk Liquids on this seaboard were Chiriquí Grande with 3.31 million MT, T. Petrolera with 2.76 million MT, Limón-Moín with 2.4 million MT, Cortés with 1.84 million MT, and Santo Tomas de Castilla with 1.19 million MT.
Chart 1.5.5 and Table 1.5.2 give detailed information about the distribution of cargo by type of handling by seaboard and 2009 and 2010 comparative percentages by country.
Chart No. 1.5.5: Traffic throughput by type of cargo and by littoral of Central American Ports of 2010
(Thousands of metric tons)
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Central American 2.3% 2.6% 47.3% 56.6% 0.6% 0.7% 9.7% 11.1% 38.9% 27.6% 1.2% 1.4% 100,143.54 104,152.05
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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1.6. Cargo handled in the CACM ports
The ports of the Central American Common Market (CACM) in 2010 absorbed 47.32% of the cargo mobilized in the isthmus, equivalent to 49.33 million MT. This was an 8.99% recovery over the year before. The percentage distribution of offloading and loading and by seaboard did not vary much compared to the previous year with 63.53% and 36.47% for offloading and loading, respectively, and 54.49% and 45.51% on the Caribbean and Pacific, respectively.
Chart No. 1.6.1. : Cargo discharged and loaded breakdown by littoral at CACM ports for 2010
In terms of cargo distribution by country, there were no significant variations in the CACM countries.
For cargo distribution by type of handling, General and Ro-Ro Cargo continued to decline as in the previous period, although this time the reduction was less marked with share percentages of 4.63% and 0.64%, respectively. For General Cargo, the reduction in its share did not have a direct influence in the CACM. Ro-Ro Cargo did not suffer severe effects as happened last year. The variation for these from 2009 to 2010 was 28.2% and -8.3%, respectively. The share of Bulk Liquids dropped by close to three percentage points, reflecting the tendency in most countries, with a decrease of -6.3% between 2009 and 2010.
The distribution of Containerized Cargo and Bulk Solids was not affected in terms of its percentage share in the CACM. They increased by 3.1% and 2.47%, respectively. The increased volume of these kinds of cargo was 14.1% for Containerized and 19.5% for Bulk Solids.
Caribbean Pacific MCCA
28.9% 34.6%
63.5%
25.6%
10.9%
36.5%
Offloaded Loaded
54.5% 45.5%
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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Chart No. 1.6.2.: Cargo throughput at CACM ports by country for 2010
(Thousands of metric tons and percentage)
Source: Central American Port Companies
Chart No. 1.6.3.: Traffic throughput by type of cargo at CACM ports for 2010
(Thousands of metric tons and percentage)
Source: Central American Port Companies
Guatemala 16,876
34.21%
El Salvador 5,392
10.93%
Honduras 10,582
21.45%
Nicaragua 3,009
6.10%
Costa Rica 13,474
27.31%
General Cargo 2,283.73
4.63%
Containerized 21,262.40
43.10%
Ro-Ro 314.15 0.64%
Dry Bulk 10,594.00
21.47%
Lquid Bulk 13,468.22
27.30%
Others 1,410.14
2.86%
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32 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
1.7. Origin and destination of cargo
For the second year running, the new section of Origin and Destination of cargo is presented to offer users other elements for making decisions. This year, it is possible to report the information for Panama that was not included last year because the source did not have this information.
Nevertheless in this publication, there is no breakdown by geographic region of the figures for origin and destination for the Ports of Tela and La Ceiba in Honduras or the Ports of Puntarenas, Punta Morales Terminal, and Fertica Terminal in Costa Rica, as well as for the PATSA and T DECAL port in Panama because the corresponding sources did not have this information available.
In addition, the information for origin and destination of cargo by geographic regions of the world for Port Caldera of Costa Rica is based on estimates generated by COCATRAM because the sources did not have the necessary information. COCATRAM thanks the National Institute for Statistics and Census of Costa Rica, INEC, for supplying the statistical information necessary to generate this information.
It is also important to note that the cargo volumes for transshipping at the CCT, MIT, PPB, and PPC ports are not included.
The performance of Central American international maritime commerce in 2010 was very similar to the previous period. The North American market is still the main region for trade with Central America with a 47.50% share, equivalent to 37.28 million MT. South America also continues in second place with a 13.18% share of cargo movement in the region. Asia took over from Europe in third place with a 9.80% share and Central America and Europe accounted for 7.22% and 5.37%, respectively, and the Caribbean region had a 3.43% share of cargo movements on the isthmus.
In regards to origin, in 2010 North America accounted for 24.44 million MT or 31.14% of the total cargo going to Central America. Of this, 57.62% was offloaded at Caribbean ports. South America took second place for offloading with 7.96 million MT or 10.14%, of which 75.27% entered along the Pacific Seaboard.
In terms of destination, North America and South America were also in first and second place with 12.83 and 2.39 million MT, equivalent to 16.35% and 3.04%, respectively. Cargo from North America was mostly exported along the Caribbean Seaboard (62.19%), while that from South America was through ports on the Pacific Seaboard (75.27%). Europe represented 2.92%, Central America 2.71%, and Asia 2.01%. The Caribbean islands represented 1.27%.
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North America was the main foreign trade market for all countries through their ports. For Honduras and Guatemala, this region represented 68.53% and 62.39%, respectively. For El Salvador and Costa Rica, the percentage of cargo to and from that region was 44.87% and 44.75%, and for Nicaragua and Panama, it was 34.95% and 34.29%, respectively.
The second most important place for cargo traffic from Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama was South America. For Costa Rica, it was Central America, for Honduras it was Europe, and for El Salvador it was Asia.
Charts 1.7.1 and 1.7.2 give information about the origin and destination by country with their corresponding percentage shares in the geographic regions of the world.
Chart No. 1.7.1.: Origin and destination of the cargo handled at ports in Central America
by geographic regions 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
North America
South America
Europe Central America
Asia Caribbean
Others
Total 47.50% 13.18% 5.37% 7.14% 9.80% 3.43% 13.58%
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34 CENTRAL AMERICAN MARITIME TRANSPORT COMMISSION COCATRAM
Chart No. 1.7.2.: Central American Isthmus: Cargo handled in ports by geographic regions of the
world by country (percentages), Year 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Guatemala
For Guatemala, the main region for cargo origin was North America with a 59.87% share, corresponding to 6.23 million MT. The United States was the main market with 5.37 million MT, of 86.20%. South America is the second most important region of origin with 12.82%, equivalent to 1.33 million MT, with Colombia standing with imports from there amounting to 810,910 MT. Asia is in third place with 769,100 MT offloaded, of which 446,410 MT came from China. The Caribbean follows with 437,210 MT, of which 63.02% (equivalent to 275,780 MT) came from the ports of the Dutch Antilles. Next was Europe with 417,000 MT coming from several countries (Holland, Norway, Estonia, Spain, Germany, among others) and lastly was Central America with 3.23% of the offloaded cargo. Panama was the main country of origin by sea with 220,150 MT.
Regarding cargo destination from Guatemala, North America was also in first with 4.30 million MT (66.46%), of which 3.74 million MT correspond to the United States. Asia is second with 393,390
Costa Rica 44.75% 9.80% 7.35% 17.95% 3.60% 0.34% 16.21%
Panama 34.29% 18.86% 4.71% 7.20% 16.46% 3.90% 14.58%
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MT (6.08%). The main destination countries were Korea with 34.21% and India with 27.35%. South America and Europe both represented around 5% of the cargo shipped. In Europe, Holland and the United Kingdom were the main destinations with 101,240 MT and 97,540 MT, respectively. In South America, the main destinations were Chile, Venezuela, and Peru, which amounted to 86.26% of the shipments.
El Salvador
The United States accounted for 42.11% of the cargo originating in El Salvador, equivalent to 1.77 million MT, followed by Asia with 8.58%. Europe is in third place with 4.13%, followed by South America (2.66%), the Caribbean (2.00%), and Central America (1.52%).
The main destination for cargo from El Salvador was North America with 640,050 MT (53.50%), followed by Asia with 13.91%, Central America with 11.38%, South America with 4.05%, the Caribbean with 3.66%, Europe with 3.17%), and 10% going to unspecified destinations.
Honduras
For Honduras, the main region of cargo origin was North America with 70.60%, equivalent to 4.80 million MT. The United States accounted for 4.69 million MT, followed by South America with 9.0% where Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia represented 81.00%. Europe was the origin of 5.34% of the cargo, followed by the Caribbean (3.12%), Central America (2.85%), Asia (2.54%), and other unspecified countries of origin (6.54%).
Cargo from Honduran ports went mainly to North America (64.82%), equivalent to 2.45 million MT, with the United States receiving 2.28 million MT. Europe was in second with 496,010 MT (13.11%), with Germany, Belgium, and Holland accounting for 60.07% of the shipments.
Nicaragua
For Nicaragua, South America was the main point of origin of cargo with 925,030 MT (40.09%), with Venezuela standing out with 903,090 MT. North America follows with 31.08%, equivalent to 720,180 MT, with the United States representing almost the entirety of this traffic.
Cargo from the Caribbean region accounted for 291,000 MT, of which 288,120 MT came from Curacao. Asia represented 4.27% and China was the main country of origin from that continent.
Most of the cargo from Nicaraguan ports went to North America (331,540 MT), of which 242,100 MT went to the United States. The second most important destination was Asia with 114,000 MT (16.66%) and cargo shipped to the Caribbean accounted for 5.22%.
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Costa Rica
The main origin of cargo for Costa Rica is North America with 3.82 million MT (mainly from the United States), followed by Central America with 1.14 million MT and South America with 906,170 MT, Asia with 316,520 MT, and Europe with 243,090 MT. The Caribbean region accounted for 10,990 MT.
Exports from Costa Rican ports went to North America, Central America, and Europe in that order of importance, with North America accounting for 37.72% (2.21 million MT), Central America 21.91% (1.28 million MT), and Europe 12.77% (747,100 MT).
Panama
The main origin of cargo offloaded at Panamanian ports in 2010 was North America with 7.09 million MT (31.43%). The United States accounted for 81.10% of that, equivalent to 5.75 million MT. Asia (China, Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) came in second place with 19.50%, equivalent to 4.40 million MT and third place went to South America with 18.02%, equivalent to 4.07 million MT. The main countries from that region were Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia in that order. They accounted for 96.68% of the cargo from that region. The other regions of Central America (mainly Guatemala), Europe (Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Holland, and Sweden), and the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Cuba, Aruba, among others) represented 7.59%, 3.21%, and 2.90%, respectively.
In terms of the destination from Panamanian ports, North America represented 44.09% with 2, 90 million MT (mainly the United States with 92.6% of the total for that region), followed by South America with 1.43 million MT shipped, equivalent to 21.74%. Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, and Chile were the most important destinations. Europe was in third place, receiving 648,500 MT (9.84%) and the Caribbean was in fourth with 7.32%. Asia and Central America took up 6.04% and 5.89%, respectively.
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Chart No. 1.7.3.: Central American isthmus: Origin of cargo handled in ports by geographic regions in
the world by countries (Thousand metric tons.) Year 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Chart No. 1.7.4. Central American Isthmus: Origin of cargo handled at ports by country, according to
geographical regions of the world, (Thousands of metric tons), 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
-
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
5,000.00
6,000.00
7,000.00
8,000.00
Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
North America 6,230.84 1,777.84 4,799.42 720.18 3,823.10 7,090.60
South America 1,333.96 111.62 612.08 929.04 906.17 4,065.84
Central America 335.79 158.07 193.89 - 1,136.98 1,711.46
Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
Others 8.49% 36.48% 6.54% 12.01% 15.56% 17.35%
Europe 4.01% 4.13% 5.34% 0.00% 3.19% 3.21%
Caribbean 4.20% 2.00% 3.12% 12.56% 0.14% 2.90%
Asia 7.39% 8.58% 2.54% 4.27% 4.15% 19.50%
Central America 3.23% 3.77% 2.85% 0.00% 14.92% 7.59%
South America 12.82% 2.66% 9.00% 40.09% 11.89% 18.02%
North America 59.87% 42.38% 70.60% 31.08% 50.15% 31.43%
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Chart No. 1.7.5.: Central American Isthmus: cargo loaded in ports by country according to geographical regions of destination (Thousand of metric tons) Year 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Chart No. 1.7.6.: Central American Isthmus: Cargo loaded in ports by country according to
geographical regions of destination (percentages) Year 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
Others 10.82% 10.33% 2.58% 23.69% 17.04% 5.07%
Asia 6.08% 13.91% 8.88% 16.62% 2.88% 6.04%
Europe 5.36% 3.17% 13.11% 2.76% 12.77% 9.84%
Caribbean 3.64% 3.66% 4.43% 5.22% 0.59% 7.32%
South America 5.84% 4.05% 2.35% 3.77% 7.09% 21.74%
North America 66.46% 53.50% 64.82% 47.93% 37.72% 44.09%
Central America 1.80% 11.38% 3.83% 0.00% 21.91% 5.89%
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2. Vessels attended
The movement of vessels arriving at Central American ports was on the rise during the first seven years since 2000, with annual growth rates of between 2% and 6%. In 2008, this trend was reversed and there was negative growth of -1.65% that continued in 2009 with -5.13%. In 2010, there was some recovery with growth of 7.08% over 2009.
During this period, 17,537 vessels arrived in the region’s ports. Of these, container ships
represented 58.34% of the total, increasing their share by 12.01% over 2009. The shares for conventional and petroleum vessels also increased. They had declined the previous year, but increased by 18.99%, and 3.05%, respectively, in 2010. Refrigerator and bulk solid vessels had increases of 6.11% and 2.62%, respectively.
The greatest decreases were for gas carrier (-22.14%) and barges (-21.86%). Bulk liquid vessels also decreased (-13.68%), as did cruise ships (-11.39%) and Ro-Ro vessels, which saw a slight decline. Chart 2.1 shows the distribution of vessels by type in the region in 2010.
Panama had 12.5% more vessels arrive, Guatemala and Nicaragua each had a 7.4% increase, while Honduras had 44 more vessels than it did in 2009 (an increase of 0.6%). El Salvador had 10 fewer vessels arrive.
At the regional level, the increased arrival of vessels happened mainly at the MIT port (14.1%), Limón-Moín (13.5%), PPB (10.1%), Port Cortés (9.7%), and PPC (9.2%).
The region had 703 cruise ships arrive with Costa Rica receiving 34.28% of the total, followed by Panama with 33.14%. The main ports where these vessels anchored were Colón 2000 (18.35%), Puerto Limón (16.22%), Roatán, Honduras (12.80%), and Puntarenas (10.38%).
At the CACM ports, as in previous years, container ships accounted for the greatest volume (52.95%) although their share dropped slightly compared to 2009 (54.5%).
Charts 2.1 and 2.2 show the distribution of vessels by type in 2010.
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Chart No. 2.1. Distribution by type of vessel at Central America
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Chart No. 2.2.: Distribution by type of vessel at CACM Ports, 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Conventional 8.05%
Reefer 7.85%
Containership 58.34%
Ro-Ro 5.05%
Dry Bulk carrier 3.72%
Liquid Bulk carrier 4.03%
Oil tanker 5.13%
Gas carrier 0.80%
Barge 2.06%
Cruises 4.01%
Others 0.93%
Conventional 9.73% Reefer
11.78%
Containership 51.65%
Ro-Ro 4.97%
Dry Bulk carrier 5.64%
Liquid bulk carrier 5.08%
Oil tanker 3.18%
Gas carrier 1.38%
Barge 0.34%
Cruises 4.63%
Others 1.61%
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3. Containers and trailers
Container movement in Central America was increasing in the past decade, except for 2009 when it dropped by 8.8% compared to 2008. In 2010, container movement recovered with an increase of 1.7 million TEU over the year before, an increase of 24.7%.
The region’s ports handled 4,912,775 million containers and trailers of different types and sizes, equivalent to 8,480,396 TEU, and of these 72.15% were full.
Forty-foot containers were the ones most moved at the CACM ports (70.28%) and twenty-foot containers were the second most with 19.90%.
PPB led in container movement with 32.5% of the total for the region, followed by MIT with 18.9% and Limón-Moín with 10.4%. Although the region has 21 container ports, movement is concentrated in 10 main ones: PPB, MIT, Limón-Moín, PPC, Cortés, CCT, Santo Tomás de Castilla, Barrios, Quetzal, and Caldera. Together they account for 96.2% of the movement in the region.
In regards to the rates of variation between 2009 and 2010 for each port, PPC stands out as the port with the greatest increase (94.1%), followed by PPB (37.1%), and Quetzal and Santo Tomás de Castilla (22.5% and 20.2%, respectively). The rest of the port, which had increased container movement, had variations of less than 20%. Ports with declines in container movement compared to 2009 were Bluff (-7.6%), Castilla (-7.5%), Caldera (-3.8%), and El Rama (-2.1%).
The general ratio between full and empty was 2.68 and is more frequent in 43´, 40´, and 20´ containers. The ratio for larger containers is greater (5.57 for 48´and 45´). For 52´ containers, the ratio rose to 29.11 full for one empty.
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Chart No. 3.1. Top Container ports throughput on Central America, 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
Chart No. 3.2.
Container ports throughput on Central American by littoral, 2010
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
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Annexes
Port traffic in Central America by country, (Thousand of metric tons), 2001-2010 ............ 46
Vessel Arrivals in Central America by country, (Units), 2001-2010 ................................... 47
Container throughput at Central America by country, (TEU), 2001-2010 .......................... 48
Summary Table: Central America: Traffic by port, 2010 ................................................... 49
Table No. 1.Central America: Cargo by country and port, Year 2010................................. 51 Table No. 2.Central America: Vessel arrivals by country and ports, Quarterly, Year 2010 . 53
Table No. 3.Central America: Vessel arrivals by ship type.................................................. 55
Table No. 4.Central America: Traffic by cargo type, Year 2010 ......................................... 57
Table No. 4-A.Central America: Traffic offloaded by cargo type, Year 2010 ..................... 59
Table No. 4-B. Central America: Traffic loaded by cargo type, Year 2010 ........................ 61
Table No. 5. Central America: Origin y destination of cargo by ports by geographic regions,
Year 2010 .............................................................................................................................. 63
Table No. 6. Central America: Container throughput, (Units), Year 2010, ......................... 65
Table No. 7. Central America: Container throughput, (TEU), Year 2010 ........................... 68
Table No. 8. Central America: Cruise vessel and passenger arrivals by port, Year 2010 ..... 70
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................................................................................... 71
List of countries by region of the world…………………………………………………. 74
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Port traffic in Central America by country, (Thousand of metric tons), 2001-2010
Central America North America South America Caribbean
d /: Estimated figures based on information from foreign trade database INEC Costa Rica
e /: Information on movement of cargo by origin and destination ports DECAL Pats and not available.
Panamá e/
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
a /: No figures inclueye ports of Tela and La Ceiba Honduras, Puntarenas, Terminal and Terminal Fertica Punta Morales, Costa Rica and Panama Ports Container
b /: Information cargo movement by source and destination ports of Tela and La Ceiba are not available
c /: Information cargo movement by source and destination ports of Puntarenas, Punta Morales and Terminal Terminal Fertica not available
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Table No. 6. Central America: Container throughput, (Units), Year 2010,
Source: Central American Port Companies and Panama Maritime Authority
NICARAGUA
CO STA RICA
PANAMA
CENTRAL AMERICA
GUATEMALA
HO NDURAS
EL SALVADO R
S u m m a r y t a b l e b y c o u n t r y
Country/Ports SeaboardVessel Arrivals Passengers
Crew
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Glossary of Terms
Arrival: Arrival of a vessel at a port to load or offload or to avoid some danger.
Barge Ship: Shallow draft vessels without their own propulsion system for the transport of different cargo.
Cargo: Shipment or effects and merchandise to be transported from one port to another that is loaded or stowed on a vessel.
Coastal Traffic Port: A port used for commercial operations between national ports.
Containership: Specialized vessel for the transport of containers.
Container: Box or structure specially built to move cargo with a re-usable character. In it merchandise could be packed to be transported from point-to-point as a unit.
Containerized Cargo: Cargo handled in containers that are loaded or offloaded with a crane.
Conventional Vessel: Ship that mainly transports general cargo and occasionally transports other types of cargo.
Crew: Traveler on board a vessel or aircraft that carries out activities directly related to the running, administration, maintenance, and services of it.
Docking: Pulling a vessel alongside a dock.
Draught: Draft. It is the submerged depth of a vessel in the water. In a port, it is the height of the water surface over the bottom.
Foreign Trade: Commerce for export and import of merchandise and services from one country to other countries.
General Cargo: Cargo in solid, liquid, or gaseous form that is packed or not packed and that can be treated as a unit and that is loaded or offloaded using a crane.
Intermodal Transport: Uses at least two modes of transport and there is no single responsibility to the user who can take action against one or another of the transporters.
Lift on Lift off (Lo–Lo): Loading or offloading cargo with a crane.
Liquid Bulk Cargo: Liquid loaded or offloaded using pipes and/or hoses.
Liquid Bulk Vessel: Specialized vessel for the transport of liquid products like
Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier: Specialized vessel for the transport of liquid gas.
Loading: Action of taking the merchandise from land onto the vessel.
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Maritime Port: Set of land, maritime waters, and facilities on the shore of the sea that have the natural or artificial physical conditions and organization for carrying out port traffic operations and that is used by the competent administration for carrying out these activities.
Metric tons: is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kg (2,205 lb).
Multimodal Transport: Uses at least two modes of transport under a single contract and single responsibility.
National Port System: The set of natural and legal persons, goods, infrastructure, ports, terminals, and port facilities (public and/or private) that is located in the territory of a country.
Offloading: Action of taking the merchandise from a vessel to land. It also applies to persons.
Oil Tanker: Vessel exclusively for the transport of bulk crude.
Oil Terminal: Maritime port facility dedicated mostly to handling products related to the petroleum industry.
Other Cargo: Cargo that is not classified in the other definitions and that does not represent a significant volume.
Passenger: A person traveling on a vessel that is not part of the crew.
Port: Geographic locality and economic unit of a locality where there are terminals, land or water-based natural or artificial infrastructure and facilities for the carrying out of port activities.
Port Operations: The entry, leaving, anchoring, casting off, mooring, unmooring, and stay of vessels in the territory of a port.
Port Terminal: Operative units of a port designed to propitiate modal exchange and port services: includes the infrastructure, temporary deposits, and internal transport routes.
Reefer Vessel: Ship conditioned for the transport of merchandise in storerooms with low temperatures for preserving it.
Roll on roll off (Ro –Ro): Operation of transfer on wheels.
Ro-Ro Cargo: Cargo that is loaded or offloaded on a rolling surface by highway vehicles, trailers, or tractor trailers on their own wheels or wheels added for this purpose, loaded or offloaded using a maritime-overland transport ramp.
Ro-Ro Vessel: Ship designed for transport of tractor trailers and vehicles that is loaded and offloaded using a ramp for rolling on.
Seaboard: Coast of sea, country, or territory.
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Solid Bulk Cargo: Solid product moved without containers or packing and loaded or offloaded with a crane.
Solid Bulk Vessel: Specialized vessel for the transport of solid bulk products.
Terminal: The unit established in or outside of a port made up by works, facilities, and surfaces and included in its water zone that allows for the full carrying out of the port operations it was designed for.
TEU: Normalized unit based on a 20-foot long ISO container (6.10 meters) that is used as a statistical measure of traffic flows or capacities. A normalized 40-foot Series 1 ISO container is equivalent to 2 TEU. Mobile boxes less than 20 feet correspond to 0.75 TEU, those longer than 20 but shorter than 40 feet are 1.5 TEU, and those longer than 40 feet are 2.25 TEU.
Tourism Terminal: Port facility dedicated mostly to attending to cruise ships, passengers, yachts, and water recreation activities.
Tourist Vessel (Cruise Ship): Vessel for international crossings with passengers lodged on board participating in a group program and with temporary stopovers at one or more different ports. During the crossing, this vessel does not normally take on or disembark other passengers, nor load or offload any cargo.
Tractor Trailer: Large transport vehicle with a box or structure for moving cargo on wheels and without its own means of propulsion and designed to be towed by a truck or tractor.
Transit: Passage of foreign merchandise through a country when this is part of the total trajectory begun abroad and ending outside of its borders by a means of transport that is not maritime mode.
Transshipping: Comprises the transfer of offloaded cargo (especially containers and tractor trailers) at a port terminal and then loaded on a different vessel; however, in those places where the geography or infrastructure permit it, this operation can be complemented by a model of overland transport (e.g. railroad) that will move the cargo to another port that is sometimes a long distance from the first in order to be transported further.
Type of Cargo: Category of merchandise moved at the ports according to its form and physical characteristics (General, Containerized, Ro-Ro, Bulk Liquid, Bulk Solid, Others).
Unloading: Action of taking the merchandise from the vessel on land.
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LIST OF COUNTRIES BY REGION OF THE WORLD
ASIA
1. Afghanistan 2. Armenia 3. Azerbaijan 4. Bangladesh 5. Bhutan 6. Brunei 7. Darussalam 8. Cambodia 9. North Korea 10. South Korea 11. China 12. Philippines 13. Georgia 14. Hong Kong 15. India 16. Indonesia 17. Japan 18. Kazakhstan 19. Kyrgyzstan 20. Laos 21. Macao 22. Malaysia 23. Maldives 24. Mongolia 25. Myanmar
(Burma) 26. Nepal 27. Pakistan 28. Singapore 29. Sri Lanka 30. Thailand 31. Taiwan 32. Tajikistan 33. East Timor 34. Turkmenistan 35. Uzbekistan 36. Vietnam