Station 1 Physical Properties 5 CLEAVAGE The manner in which the mineral tends to break in a specific direction. 1. Use the magnifying glass to analyze the sample’s cleavage. 2. Determine the sample’s quality of cleavage (smoothness in which the mineral cleaves) as perfect, imperfect, distinct, good, fair, and poor.
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Station1PhysicalProperties
5CLEAVAGEThemannerinwhichthemineraltendstobreakinaspecificdirection.
1.Usethemagnifyingglasstoanalyzethesample’scleavage.
2. Determinethesample’squalityofcleavage(smoothnessinwhichthemineralcleaves)asperfect,imperfect,distinct,good,fair,andpoor.
Station1PhysicalProperties
1COLORCloselyexamineasampleanddetermineitscolor.Note:Thecolortestistheleastreliable.Forexample,themineralsontheright-handsideareallquartz,buttheircolorsaredifferent.
2LUSTERThewayamineralreflectslight.Usethepicturesanddescriptionstoclassifythesample’sluster.Metallic–reflectslightlikemetalAdamantine–reflectslightlikeadiamondVitreous/Glassy–lookslikeglassPearly–likemotherofpearlResinous–theappearanceofdriedpitch,orfiberglassWaxy–theappearanceofsmoothwaxorabrokencandleOily–theappearanceofanoilcoatedsubstanceSilky–theappearanceofsilkclothDull–notshiny,plainorroughsurfaceEarthy–similartosoilorclay
Station1PhysicalProperties
3HARDNESSResistanceofamineraltobeingscratched.
Moh’shardnessscaleiswaytocomparehowhardorsoftmineralsare.Thehigherthenumber,theharderthemineral.
Determinehardnessofsamplebytakinganitemofknownhardnessandscratchingthesample.
Ifthesampleisscratched,thenitissofterthantheitemofknownhardness.Ifnot,thenitisharderthantheitem.
1.Useyourfingernailtotestforhardnessof2.5
2.Usecalcitetotestforhardnessof3
3.Useapennytotestforharnessof3.5
4.Usetotestforhardnessof7
Station1PhysicalProperties
4STREAKColorofpowderedmineral.1. Placeceramicstreakplateonthetableandhold
inplacewithyourhand.
2. Takesampleandscrapethesurfaceofthestreakplate.
3. Isthereastreak?Whatcoloristhestreak?Note:Thecolorofthestreakmaybedifferentthanthecolorofthemineral.
Station2Density
PROCEDUREÞMassthemineralsampleonabalance.
1.Writedownthemassofthemineralsample.
ÞPlace50.0mLofwaterintoa100mLgraduatedcylinder.
2.Writedowntheexactvolumeofwaterinthegraduatedcylinder.
ÞAddthemineralsampletothe100mLgraduatedcylinder.
3.Writedownthevolumeofthewaterplusthemineralinthegraduatedcylinder.
4.Determinethevolumeofthemineral.
5. Calculatedensityofthemineral.
Station3FlameTest
PROCEDURE
1.ObtainanichromewireandcleanthetipwiththeBunsenburnerflame.
2.Dipthewirein
thepre-powderedmineralgettingasmuchofthepowderasyoucan.
3. Placethewirein
theflameandobservewhatcolortheflameturns.
Station4AcidTest
Somemineralscontainacarbonateanion,writtenasCO3-.
Carbonateisanegativelychargedioniccompound.ThepresenceofCO3
-canbetestedforbytheadditionofanacidsuchasaceticacidorhydrochloricacidtothepowderedmineral.Ifthecarbonateanionispresent,thereactionbetweentheacidandthecarbonateanionwillbubbleupontheformationofcarbondioxide(CO2)gas.
PROCEDURE
1. Placethepowderedmineralsampleontoawatchglass.2. Addacoupledropsof1MHydrochloricAcidontothe
powderedmineralsample.3.Observeforchemicalreactions.
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