static and dynamic principle static and dynamic principle static principle: output determined by a connection with “strong” node pmos network nmos network v out dynamic principle: output (sometimes) determined C s pass network charging evaluation output (sometimes) determined by a “weak” (floating) node charging: C s is being charged up to V + - level evaluation: C s is being discharged when there is a conducting path to mass control with levels
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static and dynamic principle - TU/estatic and dynamic principle static principle: output determined by a connection with “strong” node pmos network nmos network vout dynamic principle:
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static and dynamic principlestatic and dynamic principle
static principle:
output determined by a connectionwith “strong” node
pmosnetwork
nmosnetwork
vout
dynamic principle:
output (sometimes) determined
Cspassnetwork
charging
evaluation
output (sometimes) determined by a “weak” (floating) node
charging:
Cs is being charged up to V+ - level
evaluation:
Cs is being discharged whenthere is a conducting path to mass
controlwithlevels
realisation of dynamic logicrealisation of dynamic logic
P
N Cs
φφφφ
prechargeswitch
N
P
Cs
φφφφ P
N Cs
φφφφ
prechargeswitch
P
passnetwork
CsN
P
Cs
φφφφ
"precharge"switch
Cspassnetwork
controlwithlevels
passnetwork
evaluationswitch
toggle switchbecomes selector
Cspassnetwork
controlwithlevels
passnetwork
passnetwork
evaluationswitch
Nφφφφ
network
interchange network and evaluation switch
passnetwork
evaluationswitch
P
passnetwork
Cs
"precharge"switch
"precharge"switch
passnetwork
Cs
φφφφ low: Cs is being charged up toV+ - level ("precharge")
cmos-realisation of dynamic logiccmos-realisation of dynamic logic
Cs is being dischargedhigh:when the nmos network has a conducting path;
a cascode switch is a network between two decision nodes and a strong nodewith the property that always exactly one decision nodeis electrically connected with the strong node.
d
D2
a d
D1
e
D D
example:pull-down cascode switch(strong node is low).
"pull-down cascode switchesconsists of two complementary networks (n-type switches),but now with the complementary signals controlled.
e b c c
b
a
D2 D1
cascode-switch
differential cascode-switches
D2 D1
cascodeswitch
D1D2
cascode-switch
D2 D1
cascodeswitch
φφφφ φφφφ
various pull-up possibilities for pull-down cascode switches
latchedweak
(pseudo-nmos)
switchswitch
precharged
if low, than D1 and D2 high!
φφφφ
switch
φφφφ
if high, than either D1 or D2 low!
φφφφ
attention: low levels strong,but high levels are weak!