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Supporting material to

Measurement of Personal and Integrated Exposure to Particulate Matter

and Co-pollutant Gases – A Panel Study

Time-activity diary: Personal exposure sampling was carried out using four real-time

instruments. During PoM and PreM, the following sampling procedure was used. A shoulder

bag loaded with sampling instruments was assigned to one of the participants for the

sampling. Sampling was carried out for 12 hours from 7:00 am in the morning and to 7:00 pm

in the evening. Participants carried this bag during that time. Also, the participant kept a

record of his/her time activity in time activity diary which was further used for analysis of

source characterization and the fraction of time that a particular participant spent in a

particular microenvironment. Time activity diaries of subjects S1, S4 and S9 are given in

Table S1. The time-series plots of the same subjects are given in the manuscript. Time series

plots of two more subjects S12 and S13 are shown in Fig. S1 and discussed in the following

sections.

Table S1: Sample time-activity diaries

Subject S1 (PoM) Subject S1 (PreM)

8:52-10:20- In room

10:20-10:37- On road

10:37-10:50- MT

10:50-10:54- On road

10:54-10:58- FB

10:58-11:08- walking on the corridor

11:08-11:16- On road

11:16-11:21- Shopping complex

11:21-11:31- On road

11:31-12:50- Lab

12:50-13:04- On road

13:04-13:16- Mess

13:16-17:23- Room

17:23-17:48- Canteen

17:51-19:15- Room

8:30-8:47- In room

8:47-8:50- Walking in the corridor

8:50-8:59- Mess

9:00-9:02- Walking in the corridor

9:02-10:16- Room

10:03- Burning of Incense sticks

10:16-10:21- Walking in the corridor

10:21-10:30- On road

10:30 to 11:10- Lab

11:10-11:17- On road

11:18-11:32- Class

11:32-11:39- On road

11:39-13:39- Lab

13:39-14:04- Canteen

14:04-17:08- Lab

17:08-17:39- Canteen

17:39-18:25- Lab

18:25-18:40- On road

18:40-18:51- Canteen

18:51-20:30- room

Subject S4 (PoM) Subject S4 (PreM)

7:45-9:10- Room

9:10-9:15- On road

9:15-9:30- Mess

9:30-9:35- On road

9:35-9:40- Room

9:40-9:55- On road

9:55-11:10- Lab

11:10-11:20- Workshop

11:20-12:45- Lab

12:45-13:15- Canteen

13:15-18:10- Lab

18:10-18:15- On road

18:15-18:40- Canteen

18:40-18:45- On road

18:45-19:30- Room

8:27-10:15- Room

10:15-10:25- On road

10:25-13:32- Lab

13:32-13:40- On road

13:40-13:54- Mess

13:54-14:02- On road

14:02-17:32- Lab

17:32-17:40- On road

17:40-20:15- Room

Subject S9 (PoM) Subject S9 (PreM)

9:00-9:40- Room

9:40-9:46- Walking in the corridor

9:46-10:02- Mess

10:02-10:06- Walking in the corridor

10:06-10:12- On road

10:12- 18:50- Lab

18:55-19:05- On road

19:05-20:07- Canteen

20:07-20:09- Walking in the corridor

20:09-20:38- Room

8:54-9:29- Room

9:29-9:32- On road

9:32-9:45- Mess

9:45-9:50- Walking in the corridor

9:50- 10:00- On road

10:00-13:32- Lab

13:32-13:42- On road

13:42-13:44- Walking in the corridor

13:44-14:01- Mess

14:01-14:07- Walking in the corridor

14:07- 16:38- Room

16:38-16:40- Walking in the corridor

16:40-16:51- On road

16:51-16:55- FB

16:55-17:10- Canteen

17:10-17:18- On road

17:18-19:20- Canteen

19:20-19:28- Walking in the corridor

19:28-20:00- Room

Subject S12: Personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was slightly higher during PoM

than PreM (Fig. S1a-b). Variation was found higher in PreM than in PoM. In PreM, peak

values of PM exposure measured from both OPC and CPC were found in mess and on road.

Minimum exposure to UFP was found in class room compared to other sources.

Exposure to CO was higher in PreM than in PoM with the major sources being mess, canteen

and on road. In lab and room also exposure to CO was higher. The main sources of VOC was

found to be mess, lab, room and on road. Personal exposure to NO2 was found in mess, on

road, canteen and in room. Exposure to NO2 in room may be due to construction activities

beside his residential hall, where frequency of passing trucks and tractor were high and their

engine emissions were transported to the rooms through favorable winds.

Subject S13: The personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was higher in PoM than in

PreM (Fig. S1c-d). The peak values of exposure to PM were found higher on road. Relatively

less exposure to PM was detected in class room. Peaks values of PM exposure were found

higher in mess. UFP exposure measured by CPC was higher in mess and canteen due to

varied cooking activities. The exposure to CO was found higher in PreM than in PoM.

During both the seasons, exposures to CO were found higher in mess and on road. The VOC

and NO2 exposure were below detection limit in PoM, while during PreM, peaks of VOC and

NO2 were found in mess and on road.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure S1: Personal exposures related to different activities for individual subjects (S12 and

S13) during (a), and (c) post-monsoon and (b) and (d) pre-monsoon seasons.

Table S2 provides the PM mass and number concentrations for different particle sizes and gaseous pollutant concentrations for all the participant

subjects. Personal exposure measured for the panel during PoM season is shown in Table S2a. Table S2b shows summary statistics of personal

exposure to PM concentration and gaseous co-pollutant for each subject during PreM. Personal exposures to PM2.5 show lower number

concentrations than PM1 because PM2.5 values were recorded with OPC (which measures in the size from 0.3 µm to 20 µm) and CPC (which

measures in the size from 0.01 µm to 1 µm) was used for PM1 explaining the differences shown by OPC in measurement for PM1 when

compared to the simultaneously measured data of CPC. Due to some technical problems, subject S6 could not sample with CPC. The subjects

belong to a panel that uses similar microenvironments and do similar activities, but their exposure values to pollutants show largely varying

values. This could be due to the time spent in different microenvironments and related to specific activities.

Table S2a Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Post-monsoon

PM2.5 (#/cc) CO (ppb) PM1 (µg/m3) PM2.5 (µg/m3) PM2.5-10 (µg/m3)Subject Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std.

S1 139 ± 81 12 ± 56 8.35 ± 5.28 13.19 ± 7.99 14.27 ± 14.32S2 166 ± 83 73 ± 398 10.14 ± 5.14 19.19 ± 19.53 36.6 ± 110.34S3 437 ± 492 53 ± 118 24.26 ± 23.86 36.03 ± 29.09 27.56 ± 20.99S4 312 ± 270 36 ± 209 17.26 ± 13.99 30.59 ± 30.9 41.68 ± 161.84S5 81 ± 102 0 ± 0 5.06 ± 6.43 7.45 ± 8.67 8.77 ± 18.38S6 171 ± 149 329 ± 843 9.64 ± 8.75 15.79 ± 16.06 17.11 ± 29.41S7 811 ± 184 1 ± 8 45.31 ± 10.17 60.15 ± 13.39 36.33 ± 21.92S8 396 ± 173 7 ± 77 24.08 ± 10.79 48.47 ± 20.92 75.84 ± 49.84S9 152 ± 60 669 ± 1593 9.37 ± 3.89 14.02 ± 8.55 13.09 ± 13.13S10 645 ± 360 0 ± 5 36.63 ± 20.34 57.17 ± 47.58 76.38 ± 295.61S11 510 ± 161 53 ± 338 29.74 ± 8.83 50.16 ± 18.82 64.45 ± 60.24S12 173 ± 71 4 ± 44 10.42 ± 4.92 18.83 ± 13.33 26.65 ± 56.35S13 1231 ± 961 54 ± 275 71.85 ± 55.96 96.07 ± 66.45 58.46 ± 39.30S14 1294 ± 2368 89 ± 361 74.71 ± 143.99 93.14 ± 150.6 56.19 ± 35.16S15 267 ± 280 182 ± 806 16.16 ± 20.06 27.27 ± 30.61 29.94 ± 42.29S16 304 ± 163 6 ± 41 16.9 ± 8.97 26.58 ± 10.72 15.56 ± 15.53S17 195 ± 64 1419 ± 669 10.97 ± 3.35 21.18 ± 9.45 22.04 ± 17.27S18 329 ± 108 1795 ± 1513 17.53 ± 5.89 26.28 ± 9.55 15.07 12.53

Note: *Exposure of NO2 was only detected for subject S6 with a value of 18.03 ppb and exposures to VOCs were below detection limit for the

entire cohort.

#Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 hours.

Table S2b Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Pre-monsoon

PM1 (#/cc) PM2.5 (#/cc) CO (ppb) VOC (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM1 (µg/m3) from OPC PM2.5 (µg/m3) PM2.5-10 (µg/m3)

Subject Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std. Average ± Std.

S1 25864 ± 51783 513 ± 1087 1994 ± 1630 102 ± 108 6 ± 27 33.07 ± 75.89 49.75 ± 104.52 36.97 ± 34.5

S2 14494 ± 12368 464 ± 319 3269 ± 1540 99 ± 204 14 ± 75 29.51 ± 21.07 47.8 ± 34.9 51.55 ± 99.23

S3 15608 ± 26019 273 ± 115 3408 ± 1569 88 ± 184 14 ± 69 16.77 ± 7.06 31.87 ± 11.5 43.81 ± 50.03

S4 11638 ± 11189 351 ± 206 1399 ± 579 41 ± 80 7 ± 35 20.91 ± 12.09 37.61 ± 38.71 45.2 ± 147.59

S5 10160 ± 28689 38 ± 49 7503 ± 6854 205 ± 971 30 ± 230 2.99 ± 3.75 12.65 ± 14.6 37.42 ± 55.1

S6 NA 60 ± 82 23 ± 67 65 ± 77 0 ± 0 3.83 ± 5.53 8.03 ± 12.71 16.61 ± 37.25

S7 21662 ± 40688 155 ± 202 739 ± 961 12 ± 102 4 ± 42 9.68 ± 10.35 21.47 ± 12.56 41.41 ± 34.05

S8 25913 ± 62064 185 ± 108 4216 ± 3479 87 ± 619 31 ± 217 13.03 ± 8.24 32.89 ± 19.22 51.93 ± 96.88

S9 23344 ± 32834 197 ± 192 5849 ± 3322 78 ± 255 35 ± 96 14.27 ± 11.92 42.86 ± 23.21 82.07 ± 65.53

S10 10413 ± 10789 88 ± 56 2213 ± 1394 19 ± 227 14 ± 99 7.43 ± 4 36.42 ± 12.46 83.48 ± 42.79

S11 17625 ± 38768 310 ± 651 2157 ± 1523 12 ± 157 14 ± 78 22.13 ± 43.82 48.48 ± 54.07 75.17 ± 82.81

S12 18647 ± 34310 139 ± 219 4638 ± 4302 28 ± 102 40 ± 110 9.54 ± 13.33 33.09 ± 31.67 121.85 ± 294.6

S13 34726 ± 40611 53 ± 60 2475 ± 1680 26 ± 282 2 ± 39 4.15 ± 4.69 15.77 ± 9.84 49 ± 22.88

S14 18907 ± 22328 94 ± 121 2694 ± 1468 1 ± 9 7 ± 35 7.28 ± 9.19 25.69 ± 20.39 63.22 ± 47.67

S15 20579 ± 50383 125 ± 312 1718 ± 983 5 ± 54 11 ± 71 9.49 ± 22.28 30.71 ± 39.12 65.32 ± 47.53

S16 9276 ± 12054 33 ± 32 1840 ± 1797 10 ± 67 19 ± 86 2.85 ± 2.82 14.43 ± 20.33 49.3 ± 95.9

S17 12074 ± 9333 51 ± 53 2610 ± 1405 18 ± 107 24 ± 107 4.12 ± 3.98 19.22 ± 21.42 60.77 ± 81.36

S18 10209 ± 4398 67 ± 49 2075 ± 1256 12 ± 77 25 ± 113 6.59 ± 4.02 40.99 ± 19.76 91.04 ± 53.89

*Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 h.

Table S3: Measured values of lung parameters of all the subjects during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon

Subject

Pre-Monsoon Post-monsoon

FEV1 (L) FVC (L)Predicted FEV1

(%) / Predicted FVC (%)

PEFR (LPS) FEV1 (L) FVC (L) Predicted FEV1 (%) / Predicted FVC (%) PEFR (LPS)

1 2.36 2.23 1.10 5.39 2.70 2.49 1.07 5.40

2 4.05 3.74 1.07 9.41 4.12 3.79 1.07 9.81

3 3.41 3.00 1.05 9.68 3.76 3.44 1.09 8.24

4 2.98 2.62 1.12 4.60 3.01 2.72 1.05 7.39

5 2.43 2.29 1.07 5.18 2.43 2.28 1.07 4.97

6 4.06 3.92 1.15 9.16 4.17 4.06 1.16 8.44

7 3.38 3.21 1.13 7.31 3.35 3.29 1.16 7.68

8 4.13 3.41 0.96 8.24 4.07 3.44 0.98 8.53

9 3.83 3.48 1.05 8.63 4.39 3.72 0.98 7.06

10 3.51 3.15 1.04 9.00 3.29 3.22 1.14 8.24

11 3.56 3.27 1.07 8.95 3.76 3.44 1.06 9.19

12 3.71 3.50 1.09 7.94 3.74 3.55 1.10 8.31

13 2.99 2.83 1.12 8.37 3.31 3.01 1.08 8.05

14 3.27 3.06 1.08 8.16 3.55 3.13 1.02 8.16

15 3.62 3.33 1.07 8.07 3.72 3.43 1.07 7.75

16 3.82 3.42 1.04 8.8 4.20 3.91 1.08 8.92

17 3.46 3.43 1.18 7.48 3.32 3.32 1.18 7.17

18 2.82 2.82 1.19 8.1 2.79 2.77 1.18 7.39

Table S3 provides the lung parameters for all the participants for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. All the tests to study lung parameters

were carried out at least 3 times to check the consistency in values that depend on a person’s age, gender, ethnicity and lung conditions.