States of Matter. Matter All matter is made up of atoms Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

States of Matter

Matter

• All matter is made up of atoms

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

• “Atomos” = Latin word for “cannot be divided”

What is the difference between mass and weight?

• Mass – the amount of material or matter that makes up an object

• Weight – the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Matter

• There are four states of matter:

• Solids

• Liquids

• Gases

• Plasma

Matter

Mixture: 2 or more substances are mixed together but each substance retains its own properties. Each substance can be separated.

Example: Salads; trail mix

Matter

• Solution: A mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another liquid and the substances are evenly distributed.

• Water + Sugar

Matter

• Solvent: The liquid of a solution

• Solute: The substance being dissolved in the liquid.

• Water + Sugar

Matter

• Combustibility – the ability to burn

• Reactivity – the ability of a substance to react chemically

• Solubility – the ability of a substance to dissolve

Atoms

• All atoms are made of three particles:

• Protons – positive charge +

• Electrons – negative charge -

• Neutrons – no charge - neutral

Atoms

• The nucleus contains neutrons and protons

• The electrons orbit the nucleus

• Compounds form when atoms combine with each other.

• The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Periodic Table

• Arranged in order of atomic number

Periodic Table

• Elements are grouped by:

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Gases

• Rare Elements

Compounds

• A group or combination of different elements.

• Water = one atom of oxygen + two atoms of hydrogen (H2O)

• H2O2= hydrogen sulfide

• C6H12O6 = glucose