States of Consciousness

States of Consciousness

Sweet Dreams

Watch the Watch

Trippin’

Altered States

State of mmmBussssness

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Sweet Dreams

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Watch the Watch

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Trippin’

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Altered States

5. An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep would be to:

• A) repair our brain.• B) promote growth.• C) keep us safe.• D) help us to remember.• E) None of the above

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6. Biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours are called:

• A) daily regimens.• B) circadian rhythms.• C) sleep-wake cycles.• D) lunar cycles.• E) biological timer

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7. A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness is: • A) serotonin.• B) melatonin.• C) L-triptophan.• D) dopamine.• E) norepinephrine.

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8. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called:

• A) alpha waves.• B) theta waves.• C) sleep spindles.• D) delta waves.• E) sleep apnea

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9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to: • A) increase attentiveness to highly

motivating tasks.• B) increase hypertension.• C) enhance memory.• D) increase immunity to disease.• E) increase nightmares.

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10. Dream theory that REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories and what part of the brain does it originate from:

• A) Freud’s wish fulfillment, Medulla Oblongata.• B) Information processing, Pons.• C) Activation Synthesis, Pons.• D) Information processing, Cerebellum.• E) Activation Synthesis, Hypothalamus.

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12. In one study, both hypnotized and non-hypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a research assistant’s face (Owwwww!!!?!?. In this experiment, hypnotized people:• A) usually refused to do it.• B) behaved in the same fashion as non-

hypnotized individuals.• C) were influenced to act against their

own will.• D) experienced a heightened sense of

personal responsibility for their actions.292

13. Who was credited for the popularity of hypnosis :

• A) Ernest Hilgard• B) Anton Mesmer• C) Philip Zimbardo• D) Sigmund Freud• E) Coach Knowles, that’s right!! Believe

that!!!!!

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14. One plausible theory, like the hypno-dentist suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by:• A) distracting attention.• B) blocking sensory input.• C) eliciting a deep, REM-like

state.• D) “fooling” the subject to

believe there is NO pain.

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15. When hypnosis influences behavior after the hypnotic state, the subject was given a:

• A) posthypnotic amnesia.• B) hypnotic command.• C) command suggestion.• D) posthypnotic suggestion.• E) hypnotic suggestion.

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16. Nature of physical drug dependence involves these two factors:• A) tolerance and withdrawal.• B) drug type and amount.• C) quantity and frequency.• D) psycho-activity and abuse.• E) drug type and frequency.

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17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:

• A) withdrawal.• B) dissociation.• C) resistance.• D) tolerance.• E) dependence.

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18. Repeated use of an opiate:

• A) decreases the brain’s reproduction of endorphins.

• B) increases heart and breathing rates.

• C) does not seem to be followed by serious withdrawal symptoms.

• D) triggers auditory as well as visual hallucinations.

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19. The drug Ecstasy has the dangerous side-effect of:

• A) causing dehydration, overheating, increased blood pressure, death.

• B) increasing the risk of chronic depression.

• C) impairing memory.• D) all of the above.

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20. When cocaine is snorted, smoked, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria. As someone comes off this “high”, the end result is a depressive crash caused by: • A) depletion of dopamine.• B) depletion of norepinephrine.• C) depletion of serotonin.• D) all of the above.• E) A and C only

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21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug, Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. She most likely experienced the effects of:

• A) cocaine.• B) LSD.• C) heroin.• D) marijuana.• E) ecstasy

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22. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

• A) Marijuana• B) Nembutal• C) Ecstasy• D) LSD• E) Heroine

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23. According to Ernest Hilgard’s theory of hypnosis:.

• A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness of the subject.

• B) the subject’s consciousness is separated.

• C) everyone can become hypnotized if the hypnotist is trained.

• D) it is just another form of concentration.

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25. The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that:

• A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless.

• B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy.

• C) most mammals experience REM rebound.• D) sexual tension is naturally

discharged during REM sleep.

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mmmBuss Question. The neurotransmitter is the main culprit

involved in regulating our moods:

• A) serotonin.• B) norepinephrine.• C) orexin.• D) dopamine• E) melatonin.

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Answers: States of Consciousness

1. D2. B3. C4. A5. C6. B7. B8. C

9. D10. A11. B12. B13. B14. A15. D16. A

17. D18. A19. D20. D21. B22. C23. B24. B

25. C