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STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAM TEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride Quality for Higher Unbalance Speeds on Curves Narayana Sundaram ENSCO, Inc. August 31, 2010
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STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

May 02, 2018

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Page 1: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

STATE OF MARYLANDMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION

BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINETEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM

To EvaluateRide Quality for Higher Unbalance Speeds Q y g p

on Curves

Narayana SundaramENSCO, Inc.

August 31, 2010

Page 2: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

S mmarSummary

• Objective - Compare carbody accelerations measured through curves to ride comfort

bj ti l tisubjective evaluations• Tests conducted on Baltimore LRT - April 18, 2010 • Ridemeter measurements - lateral and vertical

accelerations on carbody floorFi thb d t k d fi• Five curves on northbound track, and five curves on southbound track tested at various speeds

Page 3: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Test RouteTest Route

Page 4: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

MTA B lti LRT C #5013MTA Baltimore LRT Car #5013

4

Page 5: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Ridemeter InstrumentationRidemeter Instrumentation

5

Page 6: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Carbody Lateral Acceleration Northbound Run 12Carbody Lateral Acceleration, Northbound Run 12

Page 7: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Carbody Lateral Acceleration Southbound Run 14Carbody Lateral Acceleration, Southbound Run 14

7

Page 8: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Measured Lateral AccelerationsMeasured Lateral AccelerationsSteady-State Lateral Acceleration vs Cant Deficiency

0.25

0.30

Curve NE18

Curve NE19

0.15

0.20

atio

n [g

] Curve NE20

Curve NE23

Curve NE25C NW22

0.10Acce

ler Curve NW22

Curve NW21

Curve NW18

Curve NW17

Proposed Limit

0.00

0.05

0 00 2 00 4 00 6 00 8 00 10 00 12 00 14 00

Curve NW16

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

Cant Deficiency [inches]

Page 9: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Example Static Lean Test ResultsExample Static Lean Test Results14,000

An Example - Static Lean Test Wheel UnLoading

10 000

11,000

12,000

13,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

ad (p

ound

s)

60% Remaining

4,000

5,000

6,000

,

Whe

el L

oa

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Cant Deficiency (inches)

Page 10: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Example Static Lean Test ResultsExample Static Lean Test ResultsCorresponding Example Axle and Carbody Steady State

Lateral Accelerations

0.30

0.35

Acceleration Expected on Axles

Acceleration Expected on the Carbody

0.20

0.25

atio

n (g

)

p y

0.10

0.15

Acc

eler

a

0 00

0.05

10

0.000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Cant Deficiency (inches)

Page 11: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Measured Lateral Accelerations

Steady-State Lateral Acceleration vs Cant Deficiency

0.25

0.30

Curve NE18

Curve NE19

0 15

0.20

atio

n [g

]

Curve NE19

Curve NE20

Curve NE23

Curve NE25

0.10

0.15

Acce

lera

Curve NW22

Curve NW21

Curve NW18

Proposed Limit

0.00

0.05

0 00 2 00 4 00 6 00 8 00 10 00 12 00 14 00

Curve NW17

Curve NW16

11

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

Cant Deficiency [inches]

Page 12: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Conclusions

• Maximum Steady State lateralMaximum Steady State lateral acceleration measured was 0.28 g.

• More research needs to be conducted in this area to confirm use of higherthis area to confirm use of higher speeds in curves

Page 13: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Th k f tt ti !Thank you for your attention!

Questions, please?

Page 14: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

B lti M l dBaltimore, MarylandCentral Light Rail LineCentral Light Rail Line

Lateral Acceleration T iTesting

Page 15: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Test ObjectiveEvaluate lateral acceleration

vs.id fride comfort

• Current standard: 0 10g max (6” Eu)• Current standard: 0.10g max (6 Eu)• Proposed: 0.15g max (9” Eu) For

Embedded Track

Page 16: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Lateral Acceleration Math• g = 0.0167 Eu

• E = 0 0007 V2DE 0.0007 V D• Ea + (Eu – Er) = 0.0007 V2 (5730/R)

• Speed (V) which establishes the unbalanceF ifi C R di (R)• For a specific Curve Radius (R)

• With a specific Actual superelevation (Ea)• Using a vehicle with specific suspension (roll angle, E )Using a vehicle with specific suspension (roll angle, Er)• Produces a specific lateral acceleration g (Eu)• That people subjectively perceive as ride comfort

Page 17: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Getting OrganizedA year of meetings for:

• Test planning• Safety planning• Safety planning• Selecting test curves• Conducting preliminary measurements• Coordinating instrumentation• Coordinating instrumentation• Arranging participantsg g p p

Page 18: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Track schematicTrack schematic

Page 19: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Northbound Starting Point

Page 20: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Curve NW 16 and NE 18

Page 21: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Curve NW 17 and NE 19Curve NW 17 and NE 19

Page 22: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Curve NE 20

Page 23: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

C NE 25Curve NE 25

Page 24: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

hNorth Ave. Station

Page 25: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Preliminary Measurementsy

• Actual superelevation, Ea

• Vehicle roll angle, ErVehicle roll angle, Er

Page 26: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Test SpeedsTrack Curve g Speed g Speed g Speed g SpeedN/W 22 0.1 21 0.125 23 0.15 25 0.175 27

21 23 25 27 2821 23 25 27 2818 21 23 25 2717 13 14 15 1716 18 20 22 24

Track Curve g Speed g Speed g Speed g SpeedNE 25 0.1 21 0.125 23 0.15 25 0.175 27

23 22 24 26 2820 21 24 26 2819 13 15 16 1818 17 19 21 2318 17 19 21 23

Page 27: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

S d SiSpeed Signs

FRONT BACK COVER

Page 28: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Ride Quality Rating Scale

• 0Nothing Noticeable• 1 Just Noticeable• 2 Noticeable2 Noticeable• 3 Pronounced• 4 Very pronounced – but not

uncomfortableuncomfortable• 5 Strong & Slightly Uncomfortable• 6 Rather Uncomfortable

Page 29: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Ride Quality DataData Collection Form

Page 30: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

The Test Vehicle

Page 31: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Car Interior

Page 32: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Recording Ride Quality

Page 33: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

ENSCO’s Accelerometer

Page 34: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Onboard RecordingRecording Equipment

Page 35: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

File 1 Southbound Speed ChartFile 1 Southbound Speed Chart

Page 36: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

File 8 Northbound Speed ChartFile 8 Northbound Speed Chart

Page 37: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Ride Quality RatingsRun No. 4

Nominal Lateral Accleration: 0.175g

Ride Quality Ratings

Curve Number

Rater NW22 NW21 NW18 NW17 NW16 NE25 NE23 NE20 NE19 NE18

2D 4 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 4 33D 3 3 5 5 45D 3 4 3 3 5 5 5 46D 4 3 4 2 4 5 27D 5 5 59D 4 4 5 3 4 3 5 5 4 3

10D 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 311D 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 5 4 312D 4 4 5 3 3 3 5 5 313D 4 5 5 3 4 1 4 5 4 413D 4 5 5 3 4 1 4 5 4 414D 4 3 5 3 4 3 3 5 4 315D 5 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 416D 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 317D 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 3 3

Avg. 4.0 3.8 4.8 3.3 3.8 2.7 4.1 4.9 4.2 3.2

Page 38: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

Lateral Acceleration vs Ride QualityFile 1

appx 0.1g File 2

appx 0.125g File 7

appx 0.15g File 8

appx 0.175g

Lateral Acceleration vs. Ride Quality

Curve No. Design Radius

Actual Ea Actual

Computed Avg Actual

Computed Avg Actual

Computed Avg Actual

Computed Avg

Ea (Avg'd) V g RQ V g RQ V g RQ V g RQ

NW22 1 250 1 1 IRR 23 3 0 1271 2 4 24 2 0 1385 3 8 26 7 0 1726 4 0NW22 1 250 1.1 IRR 23.3 0.1271 2.4 24.2 0.1385 3.8 26.7 0.1726 4.0

NW21 2.5 250 1.7 IRR IRR IRR 25.9 0.1513 3.8

NW18 0 287 0 IRR 23.5 0.1289 2.6 17.7 0.0731 2.5 27.5 0.1765 4.8

NW17 0 104 0 IRR IRR 14.9 0.1430 2.6 IRR

NW16 0 214 0 18.0 0.1014 2.2 19.6 0.1202 2.4 IRR 22.7 0.1613 3.8

File 3 File 4 File 5 File 6

NE25 1 250 0.7 22.0 0.1180 2.2 IRR 24.4 0.1478 3.9 IRR

NE23 2.5 235 2 22.7 0.1135 2.2 23.6 0.1254 4.4 25.1 0.1462 2.6 IRR

NE20 0 297 0.1 IRR IRR IRR 26.3 0.1543 4.9

NE19 0 120 0 13 3 0 0987 1 5 IRR 14 1 0 1110 2 5 17 3 0 1671 4 2NE19 0 120 0 13.3 0.0987 1.5 IRR 14.1 0.1110 2.5 17.3 0.1671 4.2

NE18 0 200 0.2 17.2 0.0957 1.6 18.8 0.1150 2.2 18.1 0.1064 2.6 22.7 0.1692 3.2Curves marked IRR had irregular speeds through the curve and no avg speed could be assignedCComputed g values are based on speed and do not include vehicle roll angle effectRide Quality values are average of 15 to 18 riders judgments with high and low values excluded from average

Page 39: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy
Page 40: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

What’s Next• Further Research on Lateral Acceleration

• Research on SpiralsResearch on Spirals

Page 41: STATE OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT … OF MARYLAND MASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATIONMASS TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION BALTIMORE CENTRAL LIGHT RAIL LINE TEST PROGRAMTEST PROGRAM To Evaluate Ride QQy

h kMany Thanks to:

• Maryland Transit Administration• William Parks Chief Tk & Str Engrg MTA• William Parks, Chief, Tk & Str Engrg, MTA• Fletcher Hamilton, CLRL Dir of LRT operations, MTA

Mik Wi d k P j M LRT O MTA• Mike Wiedecker, Proj Mgr, LRT Opns, MTA• Stan Snead and Earl Lewis, Safety Office, MTA

M i S h d Chi f E APTA• Martin Schroeder, Chief Engr. APTA• Bill Moorhead, Chair, APTA/AREMA Embedded Track

W k G d ll th V l t P ti i tWork Group and all the Volunteer Participants• ENSCO (accelerometer instrumentation)

d• Narayana Sundaram, ENSCO