1 State: MEGHALAYA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: West Garo Hills , Tura 1.0 District Agriculture profile 1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) North-Eastern Hills (Purvachal), Warm to hot per humid ecosystem (17.1) Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Eastern Himalayan Region (II) Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Sub-Tropical Hill Zone( NEH-5) List all the districts falling under the NARP Zone* (*>50% area falling in the zone) East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, Ribhoi, South Garo Hills, West Garo Hills Geographic coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Longitude Altitude 25º 31´ 41.1´´ N 90 º 10´ 49.4 ´´E 345 m above msl Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umroi Road, Umiam, Dist:- Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya- 793103 Mention the KVK located in the district with address Krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Garo Hills district, Sangsanggre P.O- Dobasipara-794005, Meghalaya Name and address of the nearest Agromet Field Unit (AMFU, IMD) for agro-advisories in the Zone District and Local Research Station and Laboratory, Govt. of Meghalaya, Sangsanggre, Tura, West Garo Hills 1.2 Rainfall Normal RF (mm) Normal Rainy days (number) Normal Onset ( specify week and month) Normal Cessation (specify week and month) SW monsoon (June-Sep): 1673 82 First week of June Last week of Sept NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 299.2 10 First week of Oct Last week of Oct Winter (Jan- March) 38.2 6 - Summer (Apr-May) 719 32 First week of April Last week of May Annual 2729.4 130 - - Source : District & Local Research Station & Laboratories, Tura, Govt. of Meghalaya,(2013)
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State: MEGHALAYAAgriculture Contingency Plan for District: West Garo Hills, Tura
1.0 District Agriculture profile1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone
Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) North-Eastern Hills (Purvachal), Warm to hot per humid ecosystem (17.1)Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Eastern Himalayan Region (II)Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Sub-Tropical Hill Zone( NEH-5)List all the districts falling under the NARP Zone*(*>50% area falling in the zone)
East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, Ribhoi, South Garo Hills, West Garo Hills
Geographic coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Longitude Altitude25º 31´ 41.1´´ N 90 º 10´ 49.4 ´´E 345 m above msl
Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS/RRS/ RRTTS
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umroi Road, Umiam, Dist:- Ri-bhoi, Meghalaya- 793103
Mention the KVK located in the district with address Krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Garo Hills district, Sangsanggre P.O- Dobasipara-794005, Meghalaya
Name and address of the nearest Agromet Field Unit(AMFU, IMD) for agro-advisories in the Zone
District and Local Research Station and Laboratory, Govt. of Meghalaya, Sangsanggre, Tura, West GaroHills
1.2 Rainfall Normal RF(mm)
Normal Rainy days(number)
Normal Onset( specify week and month)
Normal Cessation(specify week and month)
SW monsoon (June-Sep): 1673 82 First week of June Last week of SeptNE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 299.2 10 First week of Oct Last week of Oct
Winter (Jan- March) 38.2 6 -Summer (Apr-May) 719 32 First week of April Last week of MayAnnual 2729.4 130 - -
Source : District & Local Research Station & Laboratories, Tura, Govt. of Meghalaya,(2013)
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1.3 Land usepattern of thedistrict (latest statistics)
Geographicalarea
Cultivablearea
Forestarea
Land undernon-agricultural use
PermanentPastures
Cultivablewasteland
LandunderMisc.treecropsandgroves
Barren anduncultivableland
Currentfallows
Otherfallows
Area(‘000 ha)
367.7 65.9 165.5 14.3 0.9 33.2 23.9 7.4 14.0 42.7
Source: District Statistical Handbook, Tura, Govt. of Meghalaya (2010-11)
1. 4 Major Soils (common names like red sandy loam deep soils(etc.,)*
Area (‘000 ha)** Percent (%) of total geographical area
1. Red and lateritic sandy loam soils Not available
Others (specify):
1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %
Net sown area 65.88131.79Area sown more than once 24.90
Gross cropped area 90.78Source: District Statistical Handbook, Tura, Govt. of Meghalaya (2010-11)
1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha)
Net irrigated area 3.2Gross irrigated area 4.4Rainfed area (65.88-3.2)=62.68Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated areaCanals - 3.2 72.73Tanks -Open wells 2.27
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Bore wells 634 0.1Lift irrigation schemes 5 1.1 25Micro-irrigation -Other sources (please specify) -Total Irrigated Area 4.4 100Pump setsNo. of Tractors 55Groundwater availability and use* (Datasource: State/Central Ground water Department/Board)
No. of blocks/Tehsils
(%) area Quality of water (specify the problem such ashigh levels of arsenic, fluoride, saline etc)
Outbreak of pests and diseasesdue to unusual rains
Suggested contingency measuresVegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity Post harvest
Paddy 1.Weed control2.For seed and root pests and stem borers,seedling maggots and locust suitable IPMmeasures should be followed3.For Rhizoctonia root rot-cultural, chemical(mancozeb 3g/lit of water for foliar application)and biological control
Follow suitable cropprotection measures
Spray with suitableinsecticides to avoid cutworm infestation
Rodent holes should betreated with Aluminiumphosphide @ 6 pellets perhole.
Harvest the crop atmaturity, dry properlyand store in gunny bags.
Pulses 1.Remove weeds2.seedling mortality can be reduced by delayedplanting until mid November3.For powdery mildew disease spray the crop athe appearance of the disease with wettablesulphur like sulfex. Spray at 15 days interval.4 For hairy caterpillars and loopers spray withphosphomedon 2ml/lit of water.
Follow suitable cropprotection measures
Rodent holes should betreated with Aluminiumphosphide @ 6 pellets perhole.
After harvest collect theplants left in the field andburn them.
leave the harvested cropin small heaps for 2-3days for curing. Aftercuring collect the crop atone place and detach thepods either by hand orusing groundnut pluckerfor separating the podsfrom the plants.
Direct seeding of rice ,*SRI method for Paddycultivation,*Direct wet seeding ofsprouted rice seeds,*Zero tillage
Mustard/greengram
Rainfed lowlandBoropaddy Boropaddy: Jaymati,
kanaklata, KRH-2,chandrama, TRCBorodhan, Naveen
- Short duration ricevarieties such as Luit,Kolong,
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Dishang etc. can also beselected (transplanting up tolast part of August). 20-25days old seedling shouldbe transplanted at 20x15 cmspacing with 4-5seedlings/hill.- Rice varieties such asPankaj, Kushal, Lakhimican be grown up to August15 with 45 -50 days oldseedlings.-Rice varieties that can begrown as late Sali up tolast part of August areManohar Sali, Andrew Sali,Salpona etc. and traditionalphotosensitive coarsegrain varieties with up to 60
Continuous high rainfall in a short span leading to waterlogging
Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest
Paddy + soybean /blackgram/greengram Provide drainage Provide drainage Drain out excess waterHarvesting atphysiologicalmaturity stage
Shift to safer place& dry shed, safestorage againststorage pest&diseases
Maize + soybean/blackgram/greengramRedgram +sesamumRedgram+milletPaddy sole Making bunds
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Horticulture Ridge making for Frenchbean, tomato, cabbage,cauliflower
Heavy rainfall with high speed winds in a short spanHorticultureOutbreak of pests and diseases due to unseasonal rainsPaddy + soybean /blackgram/greengram Need based plant
protection measuresNeed based plantprotection IPDM method
Outbreak of pests and diseasesdue to unseasonal rains
Suggested contingency measuresVegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity Post harvest
Rice 1.Drain the excess water as early aspossible.2.Proper weed control should be taken.Take up3.suitable plant protection measuresagainst pest & disease outbreaks• Leaf folder: [email protected] orAcephate 1.5g orCartaphydrochloride 2.0g / l orapply 8.0kg Cartaphydrochloridegranuals per acre.• Sheath blight: Applyrecommended nitrogen in 3-4splits. Spray Propiconazole 1.0 mlor Hexaconazole 2.0 ml orvalidamycin 2.0 ml /l at 15 daysinterval based on need.• Blast : remove weeds on thebunds Spray Tricyclozole 0.6/mlor Edifenphos 1.0 ml
1.Drain the excess water asearly as possible.2.Proper weed control shouldbe taken.
Rodents: Fumigate theburrow with luminiumphosphide 2pellets of 0.6 g per burrow.Poison bait with bromadiolone• False smut: SprayCarbendazim1.0g or COC 2.5g at weeklyinterval• Sheath blight: Applyrecommended nitrogen in 3-4splits. Spray Propiconazole1.0 mlor Hexaconazole 2.0 ml orvalidamicin 2.0 ml /lt at 15days
Drain the excess water as earlyas possible• Take up suitable plant protectionmeasures against grain fest anddisceases• Cut worm: SprayChlorpyriphos2.5 ml or DDVP 1.0 ml• Rodents :Fumigate the burrowwith aluminium phosphide 2pellets of 0.6 g per burrow.Poison bait with bromadiolone
Thresh after dryingthesheathes properly
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• Bacterial leaf blight: Avoidapplication of excess Nitrogen
Take up timely control measures forPink stem borer, sheath blightand Turcicum leaf blight
Drain the excess water asearly as possible
Take up timely controlmeasuresfor Pink stem borer, sheathblightand Turcicum leaf blight
Take up timely controlmeasuresfor sheath blight and postflowering stalk rots
Allow the crop to dry completelybefore harvesting
Harvest the cobsafterdried up properly.
Dry the grainto optimum moisturecondition beforestoring
Pulses(Black gram,red bram,greengram etc)
Drain the excess water as early asPossibleSpray fungicides like Copperoxychloride 0.3 % or Carbendazim0.1 % or Mancozeb 0.25% two tothree times by rotating thechemicals• Take up timely control measuresagainst sucking pets whitefly thattransmits YMV
Drain the excess water asearly asPossibleSpray fungicides like Copperoxychloride 0.3 % orCarbendazim0.1 % or Mancozeb 0.25%two tothree times by rotating thechemicals• Take up timely controlmeasuresagainst bihar hairy caterpillar.
Drain the excess water as early asPossibleAllow the crop to dry completelybefore harvesting
Thresh the bundlesafter they are driedproperly• Dry the grain topropermoisture per centbefore bagging andstoring to preventdeterioration inqualityduring storage
pumpkin,tapioca,sweetpotato(mixed cropping)
Need based plant protection measuresboth IPM & IDM
Need based plant protectionmeasures both IPM & IDM
Need based plant protectionmeasures both IPM & IDM
Transient water logging/ partial inundation Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvestPaddy Modified Mat nursery Drain out excess
waterDrain out excess water Harvesting at
physiologicalmaturity stage
HorticultureNot applicableContinuous submergence
for more than 2 daysHorticultureSea water intrusion
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2.5 Contingent strategies for live stock, poultry & Fisheries2.5.1 Livestock
Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the event
*Establishment of local emergency managementgroup involving local people.* Insurance of the animals.*Establishment of permanent sites for livestockcamps in drought prone areas.*perennial fodder cultivation on sloppy area, terraceand wastelands*Establishment of fodder banks*cultivation of tree fodders
1. Active part of the local managementgroup to give information about camps,fodder banks to the farmers.2. Bringing the animals to the establishedcamps.3.Fodder trees for livestock4. Hay and silage making5. Concentrate feeding with locallyavailable feed ingredients6. transporting excess fodder/crop residuefrom adjoining area
1.Restocking of animals2. Proper health and nutritional management3. Arrangement for financial assistance frombanks at low interest rates if declared a naturaldisaster area.
Feed and fodderavailability
1. Establishment of feed, fodder and seed bank.2. Encouraging cultivation of drought tolerantperennial grasses like Stylosanthes, trees and busheson field boundaries, bunds and waste land.3. Burning of paddy straw (Common in tribal people)should not be allowed. Paddy straw can be fortifiedusing urea and molasses and transported to areas offodder scarcity.4. Efforts should be made to increase the productionof supplements like UMMB (Urea Molasses MineralBlock) lick, which can be easily transported (asanimal chocolate) to be offered to the animals alongwith crop residues to increase their palatability anddigestibility.5. Storage of fodder as hay and silage
1. Utilising feed and fodder from the bankreserves.2. Transporting excess fodder, paddystraw from surplus area.3. Supply of UMMB.4. Vegetable/fruit wastes can be collectedfrom the market yards and factories. AfterSun-drying these can be transported todeficit areas. The nutritive value of theseby-products is reported quite high. Apartfrom providing additional feed resource,such type of recycling also helps inreducing the environmental pollution.5. State Forest Dept. to arrange for thecutting and bailing of grasses in forests,where ever possible.6. Feeding of perennial fodder tree topfeed7. feeding of hay and silage
1. Culling of unproductive livestock tominimize the feed and fodder requirement.
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Drinking water 1. Preserving water in tank/pond for drinkingpurpose.2. Rainwater harvesting provided its quality isretained.3.Excavation of bore wells
1. Using preserved water in tank/pond.2. Wherever ground water resources areavailable.3. Priority for drinking purpose.
Health and diseasemanagement
1.Veterinary preparedness with medicines andvaccines2. Culling of non-productive animals
1. Organizing mass animal health camps.2. Vaccination and treatment of theanimals.3. Guard against heat stress.4. Deworming of the animals willimprove fodder and feed absorption.
1.Culling of sick animals2. Supplementation of minerals mixture andvitamins
Suggested contingency measuresFlood Before the event During the event After the event
1. Establishment of local emergency managementgroup involving local people.2. Insurance of the animals.
3. Establishment of permanent sites for livestockcamps in the location of high grounds away from theflood.
1. Active part of the local managementgroup to give information about floodforecasts, road closures, relief camps,fodder banks to the people.2. Evacuate the animals immediately andbringing to the established camps.
1. Restocking of animals2. Arrangement for financial assistance frombanks at low interest rates if declared a naturaldisaster area.
Feed and fodderavailability
Establishment of feed, fodder and seed bank in theplace away from flood.
1. Distribution of emergency feed andfodder.2. Supply of UMMB.
Culling of unproductive livestock to minimizethe feed and fodder requirement.
Drinking water Sanitation programme. Measure against the occurrence of water bornediseases.
Health and diseasemanagement
Veterinary preparedness with medicines andvaccines
Veterinary aid to the animals.Balance feedingMineral mixture supplements
1. Organizing mass animal health camps.2. Vaccination and treatment of the animals.3.Culling of sick animals
Vaccination programme for cattle and buffaloDisease Age and season at vaccinationAnthrax In endemic areas only, Feb to MayHaemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) May to JuneBlack quarter(BQ) May to JuneFoot and Mouth disease (FMD) July/August and November/December
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Vaccination programme for small ruminants (sheep & Goat)Disease Age and season at vaccinationFoot and Mouth disease (FMD) Preferably in winter/autumnPeste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Preferably in JanuaryBlack quarter(BQ) May to JuneEnterotoxaemia(ET) MayHaemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) May to JuneSheep pox(SP) November
2.5.2 Poultry
Suggested contingency measuresDrought Before the event During the event After the event
1. Establishment of local emergency managementgroup involving local people.2. Insurance of the birds.3. Establishment of feed bank
1. Active part of the localmanagement group to giveinformation about feed and fodderbanks to the people.
1.Strengthening feed serve banks2. Availing insurance.3. Arrangement for financial assistance frombanks at low interest rates if declared a naturaldisaster area
Shortage of feedingredients
1. Establishment of feed reserve bank on communitybasis.
1. Distribution of emergency feedfrom the reserves.
1. Strengthening feed reserve banks.
Drinking water 1. Preserving water in tank/pond for drinkingpurpose.2. Rainwater harvesting provided its quality isretained.3.Excavation of bore wells
1. Birds should be provided sufficientdrinking water by using preservedwater in tank/pond.2. Wherever ground water resourcesare available.
Health and diseasemanagement
Veterinary preparedness with medicines and vaccines 1. Veterinary aid to the birds.2. Mass Vaccination.
Culling of sick birds
Flood1. Establishment of local emergency managementgroup involving local people. 2.Insurance of the birds.3. Establishment of relief camps in the location ofhigh grounds away from the flood.
1. Active part of the localmanagement group to giveinformation about flood forecasts,road closures, relief camps, advice onevacuation to the people.2. Evacuate the birds immediatelyand bringing to the camps.
1. Availing insurance.2. Arrangement for financial assistance frombanks at low interest rates if declared a naturaldisaster area.
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Shortage of feedingredients
Distribution of emergency feed Culling of unproductive livestock to minimize thefeed and fodder requirement.
Drinking water Sanitation programme. Measure against the occurrence of water bornediseases.
Health and diseasemanagement
Veterinary preparedness with medicines and vaccines Veterinary aid to the birds.
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1. Organizing mass vaccination camps.2.Culling of sick animals
2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture
Suggested contingency measuresBefore the event During the event After the event
1) DroughtA. CaptureMarine - - -
Inland - - -(i) Shallow water depth due to insufficientrains/inflow - - -(ii) Changes in water quality - - -(iii) Any other - - -B. Aquaculture - - -(i) Shallow water in ponds due toinsufficient rains/inflow
Desilting or deepening of pond sothat more water can be stored
Provision of additional bore well in plainarea and use Euryhaline specie
Maintaining pond water level at least onemetre depth
(ii) Impact of salt load build up in ponds /change in water quality
Replacement of water in pond withfresh water
30 % exchange of water 10% exchange of water
(iii) Any other - - -2) Floods - - -A. Capture - - -Marine - - -
Inland - - -(i) No. of boats / nets/damaged - - -(ii) No.of houses damaged - - -(iii) Loss of stock - - -(iv) Changes in water quality - - -
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(v) Health and diseasesB. Aquaculture
(i) Inundation with flood water Repair, strengthening of dykesEnhancement of dykes height by sandbags, catch the fish and keep in nets
(ii) Water contamination and changes inwater quality
Use of calcium hydroxide@ 150kg/ha
Infected fishes to be treated with KMNo41% as prophylactics Lime treatment for oxidation
(iii) Health and diseasesAntibiotics fortified feeding asprophylactics