State: KERALA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District ...

State: KERALA

Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: MALAPPURAM

1.0 District Agriculture profile

District agriculture profile1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone Central Zone

Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) High lands: Central and south Sahyadris, hot moist, subhumid to humid eco-subregion (19.2)Coastal belt: Konkan, Karnataka and Kerala Coastal Plain, hot humid to perhumid eco-subregion(19.3)

Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission) West coast plains and ghat region (XII)

Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) Central Zone (KE-3)

List all the districts or part thereof falling under theNARP Zone

Malappuram, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Palakkad, Wayanad

Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude

10040’- 11032’ N 75048’- 76033’ E 40 MSL

Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ ZARS/ RARS Pattambi, Mele Pattambi P.O., Palakkad Pin-679306

Mention the KVK located in the district Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tavanur P.O., Malappuram Pin- 679573

1.2 Rainfall NormalRF(mm)

NormalRainydays(number)

Normal Onset( specify week and month)

Normal Cessation(specify week and month)

SW monsoon (June-Sep): 2053.0 81 First week of June First week of September

NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 458.1 13 Second week of October Second week of NovemberWinter (Jan- March) 5.5 1 - -

Summer (Apr-May) 276.5 11 - -

Annual 2793.3 106 - -

2

1.3

Land usepattern of thedistrict (lateststatistics)Source:(Farm Guide 2011)

Geographicalarea(‘000 HA)

Forest area Land undernon-agriculturaluse

Permanentpastures

Cultivablewasteland

LandunderMisc.treecropsandgroves

Barrenanduncultivableland

Currentfallows

Otherfallows

Area (‘000 ha) 355.4 103.4 39.5 0.017 5.0 Notavailabl

e

1.8 9.9 4.6

1. 4 Major Soils (common names like shallowred soils etc.,)

Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total

1. Loamy sand soils 20.4 5.7

2. Laterate soils 248.7 70.5

3. Silty clay loam soils 49.0 14.1

4.Clay loam soils 36.6 10.6

Others (specify):1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %

Net sown area 185.0132%Area sown more than once 59.4

Gross cropped area 244.6

1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha)

Net irrigated area 23.7

Gross irrigated area 26.5Rainfed area 161.4

Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) Percentage of total irrigated areaCanals 1.5 5.50

3

Tanks NA 2.6 10.0

Open wells NA 12.02 45.2

Bore wells NA 0.312 1.174

Lift irrigation NA 4.4 16.6

Micro-irrigation

Other sources 6.0 22.6Total Irrigated Area 26.8Pump sets 179No. of Tractors 272

Groundwater availability and use* (Datasource: State/Central Ground waterDepartment /Board)

No. of blocks/Tehsils

(%) area

Over exploited nilCritical nilSemi- critical NilSafe 14 61 %Wastewater availability and use N.A.Ground water quality Generally good

1.7 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2008-09)

1.7 Major Field Crops cultivated Area (‘000 ha)

Kharif Rabi Summer Total

Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed

Paddy 1.7 7.7 1.5 11.0

Sesamum 0.2 0.2

Horticulture crops - Fruits Total areaBanana 8.7

4

Horticultural crops - Vegetables Total areaCucumber 0.4Pumpkin 0.2Ash gourd 0.2Bitter gourd 0.1Ladies Finger 0.1

Medicinal and Aromatic crops Total areaMedicinal plants 0.04Lemon grass 0.004

Plantation crops Total areaCoconut 105.8Rubber 36.9Arecanut 19.5Pepper 6.0Cashew 5.4

Fodder crops Total areaFodder grass 0.04

Total fodder crop area 0.04

Grazing land -

Sericulture etc -

Others (Specify) Betelvine 0.2

1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000)

Non descriptive Cattle (local low yielding) 2.2 5.3 7.5Crossbred cattle 24.1 100.3 124.4Non descriptive Buffaloes (local low yielding) 1.5 2.9 4.4Graded Buffaloes 0.4 5.8 6.3Goat 73.8 78.0 151.8Sheep Nil nil NilOthers (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 1.6 0.6 2.2Commercial dairy farms (Number) 150

1.9 Poultry No. of farms Total No. of birds (‘000)

5

CommercialBackyard 772.6

1.10 Fisheries (Data source: Chief Planning Officer)

A. Capture

i) Marine (Data Source: Fisheries Department) No. of fishermen Boats Nets Storagefacilities

(Iceplantsetc.)

Mechanized Non-mechanized

Mechanized(Trawl nets,

Gill nets)

Non-mechanized

(ShoreSeines,Stake &

trap nets)

86440 1640 1200 23678 364

ii) Inland (Data Source: Fisheries Department)No. Farmer owned ponds No. of Reservoirs No. of village tanks

3519 93

B. Culture

Water Spread Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (‘000 tons)

i) Brackish water (Data Source: MPEDA/ Fisheries Department) 45.9 1.0 0.04

ii) Fresh water (Data Source: Fisheries Department) 168.0 3.0 0.5

Others

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1.11 Production and Productivity of major crops (Average of last 5 years: 2004, 05, 06, 07, 08)

1.11 Name ofcrop

Kharif Rabi Summer Total Cropresidue

asfodder(‘000tons)

Production('000 t)

Productivity(kg/ha)

Production('000 t)

Productivity(kg/ha)

Production('000 t)

Productivity(kg/ha)

Production('000 t)

Productivity (kg/ha)

Major Field crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)

Paddy7.7 2068.2 17.6

2010.45.2 3377.5 30.7 2183.3

-

Sesamum - - - - 0.1 366.5 0.1 366.5 -

Major Horticultural crops (Crops to be identified based on total acreage)Coconut - - - - - - 864 million

nuts7788nuts/

ha-

Rubber - - - - - - 50.1 1505.00 -Arecanut - - - - - - 16.6 897.00 -Banana - - - - - - 93.3 7716.25 -Pepper - - - - - - 1.2 119.00 -

Others Cashew - - - - - - 5.4 546.75 -

1.12 Sowing window for 5 majorfield crops(start and end of normal sowingperiod)

Rice Sesamum

Kharif- Rainfed Second fortnight of May – Second fortnight of June -Kharif-Irrigated - -Rabi- Rainfed First fortnight of SeptemberRabi-Irrigated September - October

Summer December - January

7

1.13

What is the major contingency the district is prone to? (Tick mark and mention years if known during the last10 year period)

Regular Occasional None

Drought √

Flood √

Cyclone √

Hail storm √

Heat wave

Cold wave √

Frost √

Sea water intrusion √

Pests and diseases (specify) √Others

1.14 Include Digital maps of the district for Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: No

Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: No

Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: No

8

2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies

2.1 Drought

2.1.1 Rainfed situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)

Major Farmingsituation

Normal Crop/croppingsystem

Change incrop/croppingsystem

Agronomic measures Remarks onImplementation

Delay by 2 weeksJune 3rd week

Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clayTreble cropped wetland

Rice- Rice- Rice No change Go for direct seeding in thefirst crop with Shortduration variety like Jyothi.

Adopt mat nurserypreparation and mechanizedtransplanting for 2nd and 3rd

crop with short durationvarieties

The mechanizationpart can beimplemented withDistrict Panchayatand Krishi bhavanprojects

Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clay

Double croppedwet lands

Rice-Rice No change Direct seeding with the useof pre emergent herbicidescan be taken up.

Short duration varieties mustbe chosen for the first cropMechanized transplantingand mat nursery preparationcan be adopted in all areasexcept heavy clay soils

Adopt closer spacing andhigher dose of N if olderseedlings are to be used

-do-

Rice-Rice- Vegetables

Rice-Rice-Sesamum

Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulam

Rice-Banana Adopt short durationvarieties; Go for directsowing of Rice to enableearly planting of banana.

Mechanized planting can beadopted in other than heavyclayey areas

Link withPanchayats formechanization

9

series gravelly clay

Single cropped wetlands

Rice-Tapioca Adopt short durationvarieties Go for directsowing to enable earlyplanting of Tapioca.

Mechanized planting can beadopted in other than heavyclayey areas

Select short durationvarieties of Tapioca likeVellayani Hraswa

The availability ofSD variety ofTapioca is to beensured withCTCRI

Link withPanchayats formechanization

Rice-Fallow-Pulses Better to go for late plantingwith medium durationvarieties such as Uma as thesecond crop season is fallow

Linkage withPanchayats

Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typicalkole lands)

No measures required asthere is no crop during thefirst two crop seasons

Triprangode Seriesloamy sandAngadipuram seriessandy clay loamNaduvattom seriesclay loamMannamkulamseries gravelly clayVazhikkadavu seriessandy clay loamGarden lands

Coconut based homesteads withArecanut , Banana and Pepper

No change Do mulching with cropresidues, dry leaves, etc.

Follow Micro sprinklerirrigation.

Do organic manuring withvermicompost.

Linked with SHMscheme on microirrigation

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarlyseasondrought(delayedonset)

Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem



Delay by 4weeksJuly 1st

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloam

Rice- Rice- Rice No change. But gofor Short durationvarieties in 3

Wet seeding and sowing ofpre germinated seeds canbe done

Linkage with seed villageprogramme

10

week Naduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayTreble cropped wet land

seasonsMedium durationRice for earlysecond crop+Vegetables

Water , if available fromwater harvesting structurechange in cropping systemneed not be adopted

Department schemes onwater harvesting can belinked

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayDouble cropped wet lands

Rice-Rice No change Possible with protectiveirrigation from waterharvesting structures

Do mulching and organicmanuring for vegetables

Adopt mechanization forRice

Department schemes onwater harvesting can belinkedDepartment schemes formechanization + NREGScan be utilized

Rice-Rice- Vegetables Medium durationRice + vegetables

Rice-Rice-Sesamum Medium durationRice + Sesamum

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands

Rice-Banana No change Go for short durationpaddy like Hraswaadopting mechanization

Panchayat schemes onmechanization + NREGS

Rice-Tapioca No change Go for short durationvariety of Rice and shortduration variety of TapiocaVellayani Hrawswa

Rice-Fallow-Pulses No change Mulching + selection ofshort duration and hardypulses like Greengram

Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kole lands)

No change

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandy clayloamGarden lands

Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Banana andPepper

No change Adopting mulchingpractices

Continue micro irrigationtill the onset of monsoon

Delay fertilizer application Adopt copious organic

manure application Apply lime upto about 2

meters on the trunk of thecoconut palms to protectfrom untimely hightemperature

Department ofAgriculture Microirrigation scheme

11

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarlyseasondrought(delayedonset)

Major Farming situation Normal Crop/croppingsystem



Delay by 6weeksJuly 3rd

week

Not Applicable Department schemes onwater harvesting can beutilizedLinked with Pulsesscheme of theDepartment ofAgriculture

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (delayedonset)

Major Farming situation NormalCrop/croppingsystem



Delay by 8 weeks

August 1st week

Not Applicable Linkage with districtpanchayath and Deptschemes on microirrigation

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresEarly seasondrought (Normalonset)


Crop management Soil nutrient & moistureconservation measures

Remarks onImplementation

Normal onsetfollowed by 15-20 days dry spellafter sowingleading to poorgermination/cropstand etc.

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayTreble cropped wet land

Rice- Rice- Rice

Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose

Apply bulky organicmanures.

Restrict irrigation to criticalstages only

Link with Lift irrigationscheme of Minorirrigation Department

12

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayDouble cropped wet lands

Rice-Rice Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose

Rice-Rice- Vegetables Select short durationvarieties for secondcropFollow microirrigation andmulching forvegetables.Foliar application ofnutrients.

Rice-Rice-Sesamum Select short durationvarieties for secondcrop.Select varieties likeThilak for thirdcrop. Foliarapplication ofnutrients can bedone

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clay

Single cropped wet lands

Rice-Banana Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose.

Apply bulky organicmanures. Mulching andmicro irrigation for banana

Rice-Tapioca Give life savingirrigation usingharvested water.Application of P andK as basal, ReduceN dose

Apply bulky organicmanures.

Rice-Fallow-Pulses Give irrigation atcritical stages of thecrop

13

Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam seriesgravelly clayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loamGarden lands

Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Banana andPepper

Insitu greenmanuring andvermicompostapplication

Husk burial, mulching,intercropping with covercrops

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (longdry spell,consecutive 2weeks rainless(>2.5 mm)period)


Crop management Soil nutrient & moistureconservation measures


At vegetativestage

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay

Treble cropped wet land

Rice- Rice- Rice Foliar application ofUrea 2% at 2 weeksinterval.Under semidrysituation, whereinsowing is alreadyover, practicethinning of cropstand, reduce plantpopulation and usethe biomass asmulchLife savingirrigation withavailable water.

Application of P and K as basalReduce N dose.

Link with Dept.Schemes, NREGS

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravelly

Rice-Rice Application of P and K as basal,Reduce N dose.Mulching, microirrigation

Rice-Rice-Vegetables

Rice-Rice-Sesamum

14

clayDouble cropped wet lands

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands

Rice-Banana

Rice-Tapioca

Rice-Fallow-Pulses

Fallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)

Triprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loamGarden lands

Coconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper

Life savingirrigation

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMid seasondrought (long dryspell)


Crop management Soil nutrient &moistureconservationmeasures


At flowering/fruiting stage


Rice- Rice- Rice If the Rice crop fails it canbe cut and converted to useas fodder/silage. Whereverpossible provide life savingirrigation

Mulching, microirrigation. Dofrequent applicationof low dose of N

SHM, RKVY, NREGS,Dept. schemes

15

Treble cropped wet land


Double cropped wet lands

Rice-RiceRice-Rice-Vegetables

Rice-Rice-Sesamum



Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice

(Typical kole lands)


Vazhikkadavu series sandyclay loam

Garden lands


Life saving irrigation, Huskburial, cover cropping

Mulching, microirrigation.Do frequentapplication of lowdose of N

16

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresTerminaldrought


Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks onImplementation

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayTreble cropped wet land

Rice- Rice- Rice Give life saving irrigationIf the Rice crop fails it canbe cut and converted to useas fodder/silage

Adopt mulching and microirrigation for vegetables

Adopt micro irrigation forbanana and vegetables

Continue mulchingpractices with cropresidues, dry leaves, etc. forcoconut

Use short durationvarieties for 2nd

crop Maintain the soil

in sub-saturatedcondition, followalternate dryingand wetting

2nd crop of Ricecan be skipped sothat the vegetablescan start early

Banana andTapioca can beintercropped withcowpea in theinitial 3 months

Arecanut, Bananaand Pepper haveto be givenmulching

Linked with minorirrigation Department forpumping water from Liftirrigation schemes

Link with Microirrigation, waterharvesting and seedsupply schemes of theDepartment ofAgriculture

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayDouble cropped wet lands

Rice-RiceRice-Rice-VegetablesRice-Rice-Sesamum

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclaySingle cropped wet lands

Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandy clayloamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclayVazhikkadavu series sandyclay loam

Garden lands


17

2.1.2 Irrigated situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measuresMajor Farming situation Normal

Crop/croppingsystem

Change in crop/croppingsystem


Delayed releaseof water in canalsdue to lowrainfall


Treble cropped wetland

Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-sesame/pulses Avoidtransplanting tillsufficient water isreceived.

Follow stressirrigation scheduleas per package.

Exploit harvestedwater

Linked with NREGS forcropping activities ofSesamum and pulses




18


Crop/croppingsystem



Limited release ofwater in canalsdue to lowrainfall

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay

Treble cropped wetland

Rice-Rice-Rice Rice (shortduration) -hardypulses/Sesamum

Irrigation at critical stages only. Raising community nursery Cultivation of drought tolerant

varieties like Vaisakh,Swarnaprabha, etc

If irrigation water is available atlater stage and transplanting isdelayed adopt closer spacing,increase the number of seedlings to3-4 numbers/hill and give additionalN @ 5 Kg/ha

Bund planting/ Fringe cropping withvegetables such as cowpea can alsobe adopted

Triprangode Series loamy sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay



Rice (shortduration) -hardypulses/Sesamum

Irrigation at critical stages only.


Crop/croppingsystem



Non release ofwater in canalsunder delayedonset of monsoonin catchment


Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-pulses/sesame Follow mulchingpractices,Adopt microirrigation forrabi/summer crop

Dept. scheme on pulsesand micro irrigation

19


Crop/croppingsystem



Treble cropped wetland Use short duration varietiesfor Rice, vegetables andSesamum

Follow mulchingpractices forvegetables ,Adopt microirrigation forrabi/summer crop

Dept. scheme on pulsesand micro irrigationTriprangode Series loamy

sandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravellyclay




Crop/croppingsystem



Insufficientgroundwaterrecharge due tolow rainfall

Treble cropped wet landsTriprangode Series loamysandAngadipuram series sandyclay loamNaduvattom series clay loamMannamkulam series gravelly

Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-Rice-Sesame Check dams,Percolation pits, Rainwater harvesting,Water conservationmeasures

Water harvesting andmicro irrigation schemesof dept., NREGS




Rice- pulses/sesame

20


Crop/croppingsystem





Rice-BananaRice-TapiocaRice-Fallow-PulsesFallow-Fallow-Rice(Typical kolelands)

Rice (short duration) – shortduration Tapioca

Garden landsCoconut basedhomesteads withArecanut , Bananaand Pepper

No change

2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Continuous high rainfall in ashort span leading to waterlogging

Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest

Rice Improve drainage facility Improve drainage facility Improve drainage facility,Cultivation of varieties havingseed dormancy, Harvest thecrop at physiological maturity.

Improve storagefacility/godownsHorticulture

Provide drainage facilities to perennials. In case of crop failure (banana, vegetables) plant shortduration varieties of vegetables, pulses, oilseeds, minor millets, tuber crops etc and store the excessrain water

CoconutArecanutBananaPepperVegetables

Heavy rainfall with high speed winds in a short span

21

Rice Not applicable for Rice

Provide better storagefacility to store

coconut, Arecanut,

Horticulture

Banana, vegetablesArecanut, Coconut, pepper

Improve drainage facilityProvide Shelter belts, Follow alley cropping, Improve drainage facility, Do propping of banana,Ensure that Crop insurance is done

Outbreak of pests and diseases due to unseasonal rains

Rice Cultivation of resistant varieties, Use disease free healthy planting material. Application of bio-control agents like Pseudomonas against fungal diseases in banana and Trichoderma enriched FYMfor coconut against stem bleeding, Use of disease free seeds, Proper seed treatment, Balancedapplication of fertilizers, Phyto-sanitation, provide better drainage, Crop insurance

Take precautionarytreatment of storagestructures withchemicals againststored product pests

HorticultureCoconutArecanutBananaPepperVegetables2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measures

Transient water logging/partial inundation1

Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest

Rice Give proper drainage and gap filling in early stages. Prefer to all varieties in areas wheresuch transient water logging is anticipated

Harvest the crop atphysiological maturity,Cultivation of varietieshaving seed dormancy

HorticultureCoconut Timely cleaning, de-silting and deepening of natural water reservoir and drainage channels,

Construction and protection of all the flood protection embankments, ring bunds and otherbunds.

Arecanut

Banana Follow raised bed/mount/ridge planting/mount planting

Pepper Timely cleaning, de-silting and deepening of natural water reservoir and drainage channels,Construction and protection of all the flood protection embankments, ring bunds and otherbunds.

Vegetables Follow raised bed/mount/ridge planting/mount planting and provide adequate drainage

22

Continuous submergence for more than 2 days

Rice

Shift to direct seeding of short duration varieties if crop fails.If the crop fails and water recedes grow short duration varieties of pulses, oilseeds, minor

millets, green manure crops, Cultivation of flood tolerant varieties, Crop insurance,Improve drainage facility,

HorticultureCoconut

Improve drainage by deepening and cleaning of drainage channelsArecanutBananaPepperVegetables

2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone - Nil

Condition Suggested contingency measuresHeatwave NA

Coldwave NA

Frost NA

Hailstorm NA

Cyclone NA

2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries

2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

Drought

Feed and fodderavailability

Feed can be stored and fodderconverted to silage & hay. Storeconcentrates. Cultivation of

Fodder converted to silage and Hay canbe used. Straw also can be used forfeeding. Concentrates stored can be

When rain starts, fodder cuttings can be planted and seedcan be sown for getting enough fodder.

23

fodder trees. utilized.

Drinking waterStorage of water in tanks Stored water can be used and cold water

used for drinkingRain water harvesting should be done.

Health anddiseasemanagement

Vaccination of animals Plantingof trees should be done aroundthe shed

Shed should be clean. Allow cool air toflow inside the shed. Proper ventilationof shed. Grazing to be restricted duringcool hours of the day. Spread insulationmaterial over roof.

Construction of sheds with proper ventilation- cleaning ofshed every day.

Floods


Storage of feed and fodder in airtight containers to avoid fungalattack.

Feeding good quality feed and fodder Feed and fodder - dry in sunlight

Drinking water Storage of clean drinking water Provide hot water for drinking Storage of clean water - digging of wells.


Provide balanced feed andvaccination of animals at propertime.

Provide dry atmosphere for the sheds.Provide drainage around cattle houses.Removal and proper disposal of carcass.

Mineral mixture feed additives should be given. Sanitationand disinfection of sheds and animals. Repair of shed andother structures.

Cyclone


Storage of feed and fodder. Storeconcentrate.

Use the conserved fodder. Concentratestored can be used

Provide balanced feed and fodder

Drinking water Storage of water Provide clean water for drinking Construction of tanks for storing water


Vaccination of animals Provide balanced feed and other feedadditives, medicines and veterinary aid.Removal and proper disposal of carcass.

Provide clean sheds for animals. Sanitation anddisinfection of sheds and animals. Repair of shed and otherstructures.

Heat wave Cold water spraying during heat wave conditions

Shelter/environment management

Construction of sheds withproper ventilation. Planting treesaround sheds.

Feed additives can be given.Confine animals within shed. Spraywater over animals.

Dung should be removed from pits. Cleaning ofsurroundings.


Vaccination providing adequatefeed for animals

Mineral mixture and feed additives canbe given. Anti stress medications.

Proper feeding of animals

24

2.5.2 Poultry


Convergence/linkages with ongoing

programs, if any

Before the event During the event After the event Can be linked withanimal husbandry and

dairy developmentdepartment

programmes, ATMA,RKVY, NREGS

Drought

Shortage of feed ingredientsStoring of feed andingredients

Provide kitchen waste and feedadditives vitamin mineralmixtures

Cultivation of maizeand other feedingredients

Drinking waterStorage of clean drinkingwater

Provide cold clean waterWater harvestingstructures

Health and disease managementVaccination of birds

Medicated water and Balancedfeed should be given. Removaland proper disposal of carcass.

Provide clean coops forshelter. Disinfection ofpoultry house andequipments.

Floods


Provide balanced feedCultivation of maizeand fodder

Drinking waterStorage of clean drinkingwater

Provide clean waterConstruction of tanksand wells


Provide medicated water andfeed additives. Removal andproper disposal of carcass.

Provide clean coops forshelter. Disinfection ofpoultry house andequipments.

Cyclone


Provide feed and clean waterCultivation of maizeand other fodder

Drinking water Storage of water Provide clean feed and water


Medicated water and feedadditives. Removal and properdisposal of carcass.

Provide clean shelter.Disinfection of poultryhouse and equipments.

Heat wave

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Shelter/environment management

Planting of trees aroundshed. Exhaust fan should befitted on the hoof.

Put gunny bags dipped water inthe direction of wind.

Provide properventilation

Health and disease managementVaccination of birds.Provide water and feed

Close the door and ventilationwhen hot wind comes, during day

Provide clean coopsand balanced feed

2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture


Before the event During the event After the event

1) Drought

A. Capture

Marine Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

Inland(i) Shallow water depth due toinsufficient rains/inflow

Rain water harvesting methods tobe adoptedExisting water bodies have to bedeepened and desiltedTurfing can be adopted tostrengthen pond embankments

Raise table sized fishes in enclosurescalled pens of 0.1 to 0.2 ha. Indian majorcarps and freshwater prawns are idealspecies for cultureIn the event of sudden rise in water leveldue to sudden onset of monsoon the heightof the enclosures can be raised temporarily

Farmers can be trained on the frozenstorage techniques and in preparingvalue added products. This will bean answer to the difficulties inmarketing of fish harvestedforcefully anticipating severe watershortageShort term culture of minor carpslike silver barb and fringe lippedcarp can be undertakenThe services of the fish FarmersDevelopment Agency can be utilized

(ii) Changes in water quality Avoid entry of pollutants throughrun off from agricultural land intorivers

Precaution has to be taken while adoptinguse of manures and fertilizers to avoidonset of algal blooms and eutrophication

(iii) Any other Ornamental fish rearing utilizing goldfishes, koi carp mollies and guppies can bedone in summer. This will ensure someincome to the farmers

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B. Aquaculture

(i) Shallow water in ponds due toinsufficient rains/inflow

Follow low stocking density toreduce culture duration

Cost on expensive inputs like feed andmanure can be reduce by taking upintegrated farming involving poultry,duckery and animal husbandry along withcrops.

Practice air breathing fish culture

Adopting minimum feeding to avoidorganic loading

Onset of algal blooms has to bechecked. Otherwise mass mortalityof fishes will occur

Shift the fish brooder stock to deepersafer areas like cement systems andutilize them for breeding on theonset of monsoon

(ii) Impact of salt load build up inponds / change in water quality

Deepening and desilting ofexisting water bodiesRemoval of debrisRain water harvesting

Avoid organic loading by minimizingfeeding

Onset of sudden heavy rains afterthe drought will lead to mortality.This can be avoided by controllingfeeding to avoid waste accumulationon pond bottom soil.

(iii) Any other Monitor water quality regularly Adopt the recirculation of waterUse aerators to overcome build up ofammonia and thermal stratification duringhigh temperatures

2) Floods

A. Capture

Marine Maintain the mangroveecosystems wherever available tomitigate the adverse impact ofdrought and associated problems

Train the fishermen on hygienichandling of fishes, preservationtechniques and on preparation ofvalue added fish products

Avoid fishing in deeper waters Loss incurred to fishermen shouldbe reported to the State FisheriesDepartment for assessment of thedamage and reimbursement

Inland

(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of human life

As immediate measure thecompensation from FishermenWelfare Fund Board can bearranged. Compensation has to bepaid as per the norms of the State

(ii) No. of boats / nets/damaged

(iii) No. of houses damaged

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fisheries Department. Fishermensaving cum relief Fund can bearranged in lean season

(iv) Loss of stock Sell the available fish stock Install gill net and cast net

(v) Changes in water quality

Strengthening of bunds to avoidwater overflow or entry of waterfrom outside

Immediate stocking of fishes shouldnot be carried out because of onsetof toxic gases

(vi) Health and diseasesMonitor water quality parametersby weekly sampling

Fish stock has to be discarded orburied in case of ulcers and poxdiseases

B. Aquaculture

(i) Inundation with flood water In areas prone to frequentflooding initiate fish culture inadvance

Fishes needing long duration ofculture should not be encouraged Harvest the stocked fishes immediately

(ii) Water continuation and changes inwater quality Strengthen bunds Apply lime to stabilize pH

(iii) Health and diseases Water quality management byregular monitoring

Discard diseased stock

Dry up confined water bodies

Pond bottom may be sundried topermit release of toxic gases andother pests

Apply lime to balance pH

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)

Feed and medicines have to bestored on raised platforms toavoid loss

Discard stock affected by water toavoid any more fungal infections to9the fish stock

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, huts etc) Initiate fish culture in advance in

areas frequently prone to flooding

Procedure for compensation to beinitiated by the governmentdepartment

3. Cyclone / Tsunami

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A. Capture

Marine

(i) Average compensation paid due toloss of fishermen lives

Compensation may be paid to fishermen for their loss of lives, damage to boats and nets and damage to house as perthe existing government norms.

(ii) Avg. no. of boats / nets/damaged

(iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged

Inland

B. Aquaculture

(i) Overflow / flooding of ponds

Inundation due to sea water andcoastal erosion can be avoided byplanting trees like Casuarina

(ii) Changes in water quality (freshwater / brackish water ratio)

Stock fishes that can toleratewide salinity changes like pearlspot Application of lime to stabilize pH

(iii) Health and diseases Manage water quality parametersby regular monitoring

Discard diseased stock

Dry up confined water bodies

Pond bottom may be sundried topermit release of toxic gases andother pests

Apply lime to balance pH

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs (feed,chemicals etc)

Feed and medicines have to bestored on raised platforms toavoid loss

Discard stock affected by water toavoid any more fungal infectionsto9 the fish stock

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps,aerators, shelters/huts etc)

Initiate fish culture in advance inareas frequently prone to flooding

Procedure for compensation to beinitiated by the governmentdepartment

4. Heat wave and cold wave No occurrence

State: KERALA Agriculture Contingency Plan for District ...

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