Starter 11/29 Starter 11/29 Write the Write the balanced balanced formula formula equation for: equation for: Lithium metal is added to a Lithium metal is added to a solution of aluminum sulfate to solution of aluminum sulfate to make aqueous lithium sulfate make aqueous lithium sulfate and aluminum metal. and aluminum metal.
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Starter 11/29 Write the balanced formula equation for: Lithium metal is added to a solution of aluminum sulfate to make aqueous lithium sulfate and aluminum.
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Starter 11/29Starter 11/29
Write the Write the balancedbalanced formula equation formula equation for:for:
Lithium metal is added to a solution Lithium metal is added to a solution of aluminum sulfate to make of aluminum sulfate to make aqueous lithium sulfate and aqueous lithium sulfate and aluminum metal.aluminum metal.
Ch. 8 Chemical Ch. 8 Chemical Equations and ReactionsEquations and Reactions
8.2a Types of Chemical 8.2a Types of Chemical ReactionsReactions
Types of Chemical Types of Chemical ReactionsReactions
5 basic types discussed here5 basic types discussed here not all reactions fall in these not all reactions fall in these
categoriescategories you should be able to:you should be able to:
categorize a reaction by its reactant(s)categorize a reaction by its reactant(s) predict the product(s)predict the product(s)
1. Synthesis1. Synthesis
also called composition reactionalso called composition reaction combining more than one reactantcombining more than one reactant to make only one productto make only one product
A + X A + X AX AX
where where A forms a cation and A forms a cation and X forms a anionX forms a anion
1. Synthesis1. Synthesis
find ion created by each reactantfind ion created by each reactant crossover to write formula for productcrossover to write formula for product barium metal is reacted with solid barium metal is reacted with solid
sulfur.sulfur. Ba(s) + SBa(s) + S88(s) (s) BaS(s) BaS(s)
magnesium metal reacts with brominemagnesium metal reacts with bromine Mg(s) + BrMg(s) + Br22(l) (l) MgBr MgBr22(s)(s)
1. Synthesis1. Synthesis
Rubidium metal and solid sulfurRubidium metal and solid sulfur
Rb(s) + SRb(s) + S88(s) (s) Rb Rb22S(s)S(s) Magnesium ribbon and oxygen gasMagnesium ribbon and oxygen gas
Mg(s) + OMg(s) + O22(g) (g) MgO(s) MgO(s) solid Sodium and chlorine gassolid Sodium and chlorine gas
Na(s) + ClNa(s) + Cl22(g) (g) NaCl(s) NaCl(s) Magnesium ribbon and fluorine gasMagnesium ribbon and fluorine gas
Mg(s) + FMg(s) + F22(g) (g) MgF MgF22(s)(s)
1. Synthesis1. Synthesis More difficult to predict:More difficult to predict: calcium oxide and watercalcium oxide and water
SOSO22(g) + H(g) + H22O(l) O(l) H H22SOSO33(aq)(aq)
calcium oxide and sulfur dioxidecalcium oxide and sulfur dioxide
CaO(s) + SOCaO(s) + SO22(g) (g) CaSO CaSO33(s)(s)
2. Decomposition2. Decomposition
opposite of synthesisopposite of synthesis usually require energyusually require energy breaking apart one reactantbreaking apart one reactant to make more than one productto make more than one product
AX AX A + X A + X
2. Decomposition2. Decomposition
find elements that will be createdfind elements that will be created write them in natural statewrite them in natural state Solid silver oxide is heated.Solid silver oxide is heated.
AgAg22O(s) O(s) Ag(s) + O Ag(s) + O22(s)(s)
Water undergoes decomposition.Water undergoes decomposition. HH22O(l) O(l) H H22(g) + O(g) + O22(g)(g)
2. Decomposition2. Decomposition liquid waterliquid water
HH22O(l) O(l) H H22(g) + O(g) + O22(g)(g)
solid lithium nitridesolid lithium nitride
LiLi33N(s) N(s) Li(s) + N Li(s) + N22(g)(g)
solid aluminum sulfidesolid aluminum sulfide
AlAl22SS33(s) (s) Al(s) + S Al(s) + S88(s)(s)
2. Decomposition2. Decomposition More difficult to predict:More difficult to predict:
calcium carbonatecalcium carbonate
CaCOCaCO33(s) (s) CaO(s) + CO CaO(s) + CO22(g)(g) calcium hydroxidecalcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22(s) (s) CaO(s) + H CaO(s) + H22O(l)O(l) carbonic acidcarbonic acid
HH22COCO33(aq) (aq) CO CO22(g) + H(g) + H22O(l)O(l)
3. Single Replacement3. Single Replacement
an element replaces a similar an element replaces a similar element in a compoundelement in a compound
1 element & 1 compound as 1 element & 1 compound as reactantsreactants
1 element & 1 compound as products1 element & 1 compound as products
cation replaced:cation replaced: A + BX A + BX B + AX B + AX
OROR
anion replaced:anion replaced: Y + AX Y + AX X + AY X + AY
3. Single Replacement3. Single Replacement
Identify the “similar” element in the Identify the “similar” element in the compound that it will replacecompound that it will replace
Find ions createdFind ions created crossover to make new compoundcrossover to make new compound zinc metal is added to solution of lead(II) zinc metal is added to solution of lead(II)
two similar elements switch placestwo similar elements switch places 2 compounds as reactants2 compounds as reactants 2 compounds as products2 compounds as products
AX + BY AX + BY BX + AY BX + AY
4. Double Replacement4. Double Replacement
identify which parts will switch placesidentify which parts will switch places find ions that will be createdfind ions that will be created crossover to create new compoundscrossover to create new compounds silver nitrate and sodium chloride silver nitrate and sodium chloride
solutions are mixedsolutions are mixed AgNOAgNO33(aq) + NaCl(aq) (aq) + NaCl(aq) NaNO NaNO33(aq) + AgCl(s)(aq) + AgCl(s)
solutions of magnesium fluoride and solutions of magnesium fluoride and potassium hydroxide are mixedpotassium hydroxide are mixed MgFMgF22(aq) + KOH(aq) (aq) + KOH(aq) Mg(OH) Mg(OH)22(aq) + KF(aq)(aq) + KF(aq)
4. Double Replacement4. Double Replacement barium chloride and sodium sulfatebarium chloride and sodium sulfate
BaClBaCl22(aq) + Na(aq) + Na22SOSO44(aq) (aq) NaCl(aq) + BaSO NaCl(aq) + BaSO44(s)(s) iron sulfide and hydrochloric acidiron sulfide and hydrochloric acid
combines with oxygencombines with oxygen releases energy in form of heat/lightreleases energy in form of heat/light OO22 + compound as reactants + compound as reactants
HH22O (& usually COO (& usually CO22) as products) as products
CHCH44 + O + O22 CO CO22 + H + H22OO
5. Combustion 5. Combustion
always makes Halways makes H22O and/or COO and/or CO22
choose based on what elements exist choose based on what elements exist in reactantsin reactants
solid carbon reacts with oxygensolid carbon reacts with oxygen C(s) + OC(s) + O22(g) (g) CO CO22 (g) (g)
CC22HH55OH reacts with oxygen in air.OH reacts with oxygen in air. CC22HH55OH + OOH + O22(g) (g) CO CO22(g) + H(g) + H22O(l)O(l)
Classify each of the following reactions Classify each of the following reactions one of the five basic types and predict one of the five basic types and predict the products when appropriate.the products when appropriate.
NaNa22O + HO + H22O O NaOH NaOH synthesissynthesis
zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid:zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid: Zn (s) + 2HCl(aq) Zn (s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl ZnCl22(aq) + H(aq) + H22(g)(g) single replacementsingle replacement
Ca(s) + HCa(s) + H22O(l) O(l) Ca(OH) Ca(OH)22 (aq) + H (aq) + H22(g)(g) single replacementsingle replacement
KClOKClO33(s) (s) KCl(s) + O KCl(s) + O22(g)(g) decompositiondecomposition
sulfuric acid reacts with a solution of sulfuric acid reacts with a solution of barium choridebarium choride HH22SOSO44(aq) + BaCl(aq) + BaCl22(aq) (aq) HCl(aq) + BaSO HCl(aq) + BaSO44(s)(s) double replacementdouble replacement