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..
2003 .
. TMN (elecommunication Management Network) - .3000. TMN - , (TeleManagement Forum, TMF). CMIP SNMP, ISO. , ODP, ODMA, CORBA, DCOM (COM+), OSCA/INA. TMN GDMO ASN.1 OSS . Hewlett-Packard, Sun Microsystems, Siemens, IBM, - . , , .
2003 . 621.394:615.14 32.88 .. ..: -, 2003. 288 .: . ISBN 588405047X
1
. , , . , (elecommunication anagement Network, TMN). , . , , . , , , . . , , . CMIP SNMP. , , IP-, . , , , , . .. - 29.01.02: . , , , . , , , , , (. 29.01.02 www.mynsvyaz.ru). . - , . : , TMN, - 1.1, 1.2, 3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 9; , , 1, 3, 4, 5, 6.5, 6.6, 7.5, 9; 1 2.0 ..
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, 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9; , , 2, 5, 8. , . , . , ; . , , . , , ETSI TMF. , , , . , , , . , , , , EURESCOM TMF. , , , . , , . , . , , , , . . 2 2005 ., ( 45.174 - 2001). , . , , . : , , , , , , ( : / .. . M.: , 2002. .25).
1 2.0
..
3
1.
1.1
. , . , , . , , , . . - SDH, DWDM. - , Frame Relay, , MPLS. IP IP-. 2 / 64 / ISDN, DSL (ADSL, XDSL, SDSL, HDSL). 3- UMTS, CDMA. , .. . , . , , , , , , , , , , . - () . , - ( ), , . , , / , : ; 1 2.0 ..
4
, ; / . - , . () TMN. TMN , , - [7]. TMN , ( ) ( ). TMN. . , -. TMN . , . TMN , . TMN, , , , , . , TMN , , , , .. - M.3xxx, TMN , . - . TMN , : / ; TMN (.. TMN); (, -, ..); ( - , , ); - ; ; ; 1 2.0 ..
5
, - ( ); ; ; ; ; ; , (, , IP-); () ( TMN); , ( , , , ..). , TMN . , .1.1.
:
.1.1 .1.1 , , , , , . ( ), , , . [1,4]. , , - , [6]. 1 2.0 ..
6
, , , , . , , , [12]. , . ( ) : , , ; , TMN; ; - . -TMN- , . , ( ). , , , , , , . , , , , (, ..) . , , : ; ; [3], ; , ; , ; , , , . , 1980-1990. 1 2.0 ..
7
, [2]. , . ( ), , . . - 7. , [12], , , , - . TMN, 45.174-2001 . , , .
1.2
, , () . [7]. , , , , . , , , . (, ..). , (. 1.2). , , , . (- ) , .
1 2.0
..
8
. 1.2 ( [7]) , . , , , , . , , , . , [1,4], . 1.3. [4,7] : , ; , ; ; ; .
1 2.0
..
; , ,
9
. 1.3 TMN, . - .3010. , . , , . . , . (), . . , , , - . , , ( . 1.4). , . , , , , [7, .44]. () - , TMN. , , ( , , , , . - : (-), ; 1 2.0 ..
10
- , ( ). , , . , , , , , : (), , ; (), .
-
. 1.4. - ( [6]) . , , . . ( ), , , . , . -, () . , 1 2.0 ..
11
. .
1.3
. . .1.5 [1]. , , .
. 1.5 ( [1]) . : , ; , , , ; . , : 1. . : , , . 2. . 3. , . 1 2, , . . . 1.6.
1 2.0
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. 1.6 ( [1]) , , , : ( ); ( ); ( ); . . : ; ; , ; ; , - -, ETSI, ISO, , . , . , . - , . .
1 2.0
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1.4
GII
(global information infrastructure, GII) [8,9] . GII . GII , (, , ) . GII , . GII. GII 4 : , , ; (information appliances), , ; , . ; , , , , ( ), (, , ) , GII. . 1.7.
( )
. 1.7. GII , , , , , .. , 1 2.0 ..
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, , . , , . , DSL-, , , , , . , , (X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, MPLS), . GII, , , . GII , , (middleware) , . middleware GII , , . middleware , . , middleware , , . , (building blocks). . GII , .. , / . . , (, , middleware). ( ), . . , , , , ( ) ( ). GII . GII. GII , . GII . 1.8.
1 2.0
..
IP-, , ,
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( , )
(m iddlew are) ( , )
IP-
e-m ail
. 1.8. ( [8,10]) , , ( ), / . , , , (, , IP). , GII, . , . , . . (infrastructural service components) (, ), , .. (baseware) . (middleware) . , . , , , , , . 4 . M1 . , GII. M2 . GII : 1 2.0 ..
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- ; ; ; ; ; ; .
3,7,9, [10]. M3 . , , - . M4 - , . , . . 4. Object Management Group (OMG) (common interface definition language), CORBA IDL. . CORBA 7. 4 . ( ) . , , - ( ). , . , / . . (B1) / . : ( , ); , B3. GII , . , , ATM. B2 . , . , B2 . B2 (Application Program Interface, API). , , .. API , . API UNIX, Java, ActiveX, WIN32. 1 2.0 ..
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3 B2 B3. B3 : ; ; , ; , . , , . , .. . , , . GII .
1.5
GII
( ), ; . . , , . 6.1 7.1. , , . , , . (functional reference point) . / . , ( ) . , GII. (. 1.9) , : GII . . : ODP (. 7); (Service Independent Building blocks, SIB) ; .
1 2.0
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. 1.9. . 1.9 , , CORBA IDL, HyperText Markup Language (HTML), 7, . GII . (Applications Functions, AF) , . (Middleware Functions, MF) , : (Service Control Functions, SCF) ; . , , , . ; (Management Functions, ManF), . (Baseware Functions, BF) , , , ( ) . : (Network Functions, NF), , .. GII, (Transport Functions, TF) (Control functions, CF); (Processing and Storage Functions, P&SF), , ; - (Human-Computer Interfacing Functions, HCIF), . , . , , (softswitch). : ( , transport functions), ; 1 2.0 ..
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(control functions), ; (enhanced service provisioning functions), , ; (management functions), . , , . , , , . GII, : (Application Protocol, AP) ; (Application Programming Interface, API) , ; (Middleware Protocol, MP) ; (Basic Programming Interface, BPI) , ( API); , (HumanComputer Interface, HCI) , , ; ; (Telecommunications Reference Point, TRP) . . 1.10 , . 1, 9 , , , , ( ) (network control functions). 2 , , . 3 , . 4 ( ), . 1 2.0 ..
5
2010 5 5
9
8
4
2
1 6 7
3
. 1.10. GII [8] 5 , , . 6, 7, 8 , . 10 (management protocol). . , GII . . , () . , GII , : GII ; GII; . , , . 3, 6 9.
1 2.0
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1. 1. .., . . . .: , 1995. 2. ., .. // 1996 . 12 . 23-27. 3. .. // - . 2001. 1. C. 26 29. 4. / .. , .. , .. .; . .. .. . .: , 1998. 5. 134 " 30.11.1996 . 6. 2005 . . 1. ., , 1996 . 7. 2005 . . 8. ., , 1996 . 8. ITUT Recommendation Y.110. Global Information Infrastructure principles and framework architecture. 1998. 9. ITU-T GII Standartization Initiative. Technical information bulletin 99-5. : [http://www.ncs.gov/n2/content/tibs/files/tib99_5.pdf. 28.08.02] 10. OSS Solutions for Network Operators. White paper, 2002. : [http: //www.ausystem.se/publications/OSSwp0501.pdf 27.08.2002] 11. Pavlou G. Telecommunications Management Network: a Novel Approach Towards its Architecture and Realisation Through Object-Oriented Software Platforms/ PhD thesis. : [ftp://cs.ucl.ac.uk/osimis/papers/phd-gp/02-contents.pdf 14.02.2001] 12. Proposed Focused Program on: Operations and Management of Information Networks // National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Technology Program. 1994. : [www.cs.columbia.edu/dcc/classes/E6998-025/References/atpwpf.ps 3.09.02]
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2.
2.1
, 1 , (TMN). TMN . - .3010. TMN - M.3xxx, . M.3000 . M.3660 (. 1). TMN, -, , , , .. , TMN (), (International Standard Organizaton, ISO). TMN , . , , , . , , (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE), (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST), Hewlett-Packard. [4] , IEEE POSIX 1003.0: - , , , , : () , , ; () ; , ( ). . , , , .. , . . , [3]. ; , . [4] , 2 2.0 ..
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, , , . , , , - . 6, . , (portability) (interoperability) . () . (Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Microsystems .), . -1 (Join Technical Committee JTC-1) ISO, (International lectrotechnical ommission, IEC) , (International Telecommunication Union, ITU). , 1995 . 1000 ( 80), . . , , , .. . (), , .. . . , . , ISO/RM (Open System Interconnected / Reference Model), , , . (. 2.1). [2,4-6].
2 2.0
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SAP
SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP
SAP SAP SAP SAP SAP
. 2.1 ISO/RM (application layer) , , , , .. . . (presentation layer) , . , , . (session layer) , .., , (, ) ; . (transport layer) . (Service Access Points, SAP), . ; , . (network layer) , . . (data-link layer) . , ; , , . , . 2 2.0 ..
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/ (Network Interface Card, NIC). (physical layer) . , , . ( , ..). , . . , , . , (service), (interface) (protocol). , . [5]. , . , (primitives). , [5] , .. , , , , , . () , . , . . (entity) , , . , .. . . [4], (pplication process); , . , ( ). INAP [1]. , . , ( N) ( N+1). , N, N-1. N+1. , ; N N-1 N-2 . 2 2.0 ..
26
SAP. , N+1 N. N+1 N . . , (. .2.1), (association), . , , .. , , , . N+1 , , N . : , . , ( , ). . , , . , , , . (Protocol Data Unit, PDU), . 2.2. N (N) - PDU
(N-1) - PCI
(N-1) - SDU
N - 1
(N-1) - PDU
. 2.2. , . PDU N N-1 PDU , N-1. N-1 (Service Data Unit, SDU), N-1 N . , N-1 SDU (Protocol Control Information, PCI) N-2. PCI, , . PCI, . , OSI/RM , . , 2 2.0 ..
27
OSI/RF. IEEE. : ; ; . . OSI/RF .2.3.
-
-
. 2.3 OSI/RF , , . , , , (), , .. , . , . () , . (Application Programmer Interface, API). API : ; ; ; , - . , , OSI/RF . OSI/RF 2 2.0 ..
28
. , OSI/RF ( , ), . OSI/RF , , . , , , , , -, . (), . , , ( ) , . - , ISO/ITU. 1995 . , , (Open Distributed Processing, ODP). , 7.
2.22.2.1
(OSI management framework) ISO/IEC 7498-4: Basic Referens Model, Part 4, Management Framework ( . 4. ). , , .. . ISO 7498 1984 . 1989 . 1994 . . ISO 7498 . - X.200 . . X.200 , , , , , .. , , . ISO 7498 , . 2.1.
2 2.0
..
29 2.1 1984 1994 1987 1994 1989 1991 1989 1994 1989 1992
ISO - ISO 7498 . X.200 ISO 7498 Add.1 . X.200 ISO 7498-2 . X.800 ISO 7498-3 . X.650 ISO 7498-4 . X.700
(Basic Reference Model) (Addendum 1: Connectionless-mode transition) 2: (Part 2: Security Architecture) 3: (Part 3: Naming and Addressing) 4: (Part 4: Management framework)
ISO/IEC 7498-4, , : ; ; ; . ISO/IEC 7498-4 , : , , , . 2.3 . ISO/IEC 7498-4 , (. 2.2) 2.2 ISO/ITU ISO 9595 / X.710 (Common Management Information Services, CMIS) ISO 9596-1 / X.711 (Common Management Information Protocols, CMIP) ISO 10040 (Systems Management Overview, SMO) ISO 10164 (Systems Management) ISO 10165 (Structure of Management Information) ISO 10165-1 DIS (Management Information Model) ISO 10165-2 DIS (Definition of Management Information) ISO 10165-4 DIS (Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects) ISO 10733 CD , (Elements of Management Information Related to OSI Network Layer Standards) ISO 10737 CD , (Elements of Management Infor 2 2.0 ..
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ISO/ITU
mation Related to OSI Transport Layer Standards) . X.290 (ISO/IEC 9646), . : , , , , , . [7]: (application management) ; , ; (systems management) , () ; (layer management) , N N (, ) . N . , , () , , . . N, , . , , , (communications protocol). . . , N, , . . : ; , ; ; ; ; ; 2 2.0 ..
31
. . [8], , , . 1. , : , , ; ; , ; / . 2. , , : ; . 3. , : ; () . : , , , , , . , . . , . , . , , .2.2.2
, ; , . , . ( ; N; N) . , , . (management object). , , , .. . . 2 2.0 ..
32
, , .. . , (. 2.4).
. 2.4
N , , . . , . N , . . 2.5 .
2 2.0
..
33
N-
. 2.5 N -
, . .
2.32.3.1
. . - X.700, , (functional areas): (fault management); (configuration management); (accounting management); / (performance management); (security management). FCAPS ( ). , , .. , . , , (Systems Management Function, 2 2.0 ..
34
SMF), . SMF TMN. SMF [4,9,11], SMF. SMF . (object management function) c . X.730 . , . (Common Management Information Protocol, CMIP), 5. , . .730, , . : , (CMIS); , CMIS. , , .. , , , . . , , ( 4). , . - X.731 (state management function), , , . , . . : (operability), , . : (enabled) (disabled) ; , (usage), , , . : (idle), / (active), (busy); , . : (locked), (unlocked), (shutting down). , . , . , ; , , 2 2.0 ..
35
. , , . (relationship management function) . - X.732 . , , , . (alarm reporting function) . - X.733 . . , , . CMIS . , , : (crtitical alarm); (major alarm); (minor alarm); (warning); (indeterminate); (cleared). , . , 50% . , , , . , . , , , . : ( ); ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, ); ; .. (event management function) . - X.734 , , , , .. , - . 2 2.0 ..
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. . . - X.734 . (Event-Forwarding Discriminators, EFD). , () , ( ), . . ( ), .. log- ( ). , , EFD , CMIP. , (log control function) . - X.735 . , , , . , . - . . , log-, , , , , . log- . log-, . (security alarm reporting) . - X.736 , . (security alarms). (, ), ( , ). , . , . ( ) . () (confidence and diagnostic test classes) . - X.737 , . 2 2.0 ..
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(summarization function) . - X.738 , , , . (workload monitoring function) . - X.739 . , , . , , . . - X.732 , : (service); (peertopeer); (fallback); (backup); (group). , , N, . , , , . , , .. . , , - . , , , . , , , , .2.3.2
(fault management) (alarms). , . (, ), , , . () , . , . SMF (event reporting) . - X.734, (logging) . - X.735, () . - X.733 . - X.737, X.745. (onfiguration management) (), . 2 2.0 ..
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- . . : () , ; , ; , ; ; ; . SMF - . - X.734, , (logging) . - X.735, . - X.731, . - X.732, . - X.746, (time management) . - X.743, (software distribution) . - X.744 (shared management knowledge) . - X.750. (accounting management) - . , . - ( ), , () (usage metering) . SMF . - X.734, . - X.735 (accounting metering) . - X.742. (performance management) , .. . , , , . . . , , . ( ) . , , . , () . , , 2 2.0 ..
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. SMF: . - X.734, . - X.735, (metric monitoring) . - X.739, (summarisation) . - X.738, (scheduling) . - X.746 (response time monitoring) . - X.748. (security management) : (management of security) - ; (security of management) - , . , . - X.800. , . SMF: . - X.734, . - X.735, . - X.736, (security audit trail) . - X.737, . - X.741. , . , , TMN, . , , . .
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2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. .., .., .. . .: , 2000. 500 c. .. : /. . .. . .: , 1996 . 224 . . . .: , 2001. // . .: 1995 . . , : . . .: , 1995 . 408 . ITUT Recommendation X.200. Information technology. Open systems interconnection. Basic reference model: The basic model. 1994. ITUT Recommendation X.700. Management framework for open system interconnection (OSI) for CCITT applications. 1992. ITUT Recommendation X.701. Information technology. Open systems interconnection. Systems Management overview. 1992. Cekro Z.. Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) and OSI Systems Management. Standards and Emerging Trends/ Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Universite libre de Bruxelles. Faculte de sciences. : [http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cache/papers2/cs/5601/http:zSzzSzwww.mice.iihe.ac.bezSzint ernal-reportzSzstc-98-08.pdf/cekro98telecommunication.pdf 29.08.01].
10. Pavlou G. Telecommunications Management Network: a Novel Approach Towards its Architecture and Realisation Through Object-Oriented Software Platforms/ PhD thesis. : [ftp://cs.ucl.ac.uk/osimis/papers/phd-gp/02-contents.pdf 14.02.2001] 11. Tessier Jean Un cadre dapplication pour interfaces de gestion OSI. Matre s sciences (M.Sc.) en informatique/ Universit de Montral, Dpartement dinformatique et de recherche oprationnelle. [http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~labgelo/Publications/Theses/msc-tessier.pdf 19.05.01]
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3. TMN 3.13.1.1
TMN TMN
Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) - 1992 . . TMN . - M.3010. TMN . . M.3010, TMN , . TMN , , (. 3.1). TMN , , [1, 3, 6 8].TM N
TM N TM N S D H S D H
. 3.1 TMN ( . - .3010) TMN . , , , . , (. 3.2).
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
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TMN (management service). , TMN . , , (management function). TMN , . , , . TMN (reference points), TMN. TMN (Data Communication Network, DCN). DCN TMN . TMN (Operations Systems, OS).
(OS) TMN
. 3.2 TMN , (. 3.2) , , , TMN; , , (); ( ), , , . - . , OS , [7]. . DCN , (Work Stations,WS) ,
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
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. - . Z.300; TMN. - , - . WS . , DCN TMN TMN. . TMN , . TMN , , , . TMN , , , SDH, PDH, , () 7, , , . TMN , (Network Element, NE). TMN , , , . , OS. , [7,15]. , , , ..3.1.2 TMN
TMN : TMN; TMN; TMN; ; , . ; TMN; . , 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
44
TMN: ; , ; , , ; () , ; . TMN (plane) (. 3.3) [3]: TM N
(TMN)
. 3.3 TMN (user plane). , , , , .. (control plane) , , , .. . (management plane) . , , , , , ,
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
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, , . TMN NE. TMN. . , - . , . , , . . , TMN . TMN , [4], . TMN , , , , (accounting), (service profile customisation). . TMN ( , ), , . . . , , . , , , , .. , , TMN , . , TMN, . . TMN . TMN, TMN . . M.3010
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
46
TMN : TMN, ; TMN, , ; TMN, TMN - ; TMN (Logical Layered Architecture, LLA), , . 3.2.3.1.3 - TMN
TMN . TMN 1985 . IV ( -). TMN M.30 1988 . . 1992 . , M.3010. 19962000 . M.30 1988 ., M.3010 1992 . , TMN. 1992 . , TMN. 1996 . TMN. 1990- , , , . TMN. 2000 ., ITU-T , TMN-2000. , , , TMN, 2000 . 1988 . 20 M.3xxx, TMN. TMN, M.3010 TMN ( 3.4 1). TMN ISDN (. 1). (Europe Telecommunication Standart Institute, ETSI), , TMN, , Q.3 SDH, (. 1).
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
47
TMN, . M.3000
TMN, . M.3010
TMN, . M.60
TMN, . M.3020
TMN, . M.3100
TMN, . M.3200
TMN F . M.3300 X . M.3300
TMN, . M.3180
TMN, . M.3400
. 3.4 TMN TMN , SNMP- , , , TL/1(M), , . TMN : , , TMN ; : , , , . .; ISO/OSI. TMN.
3.23.2.1
TMN TMN
TMN : (functional blocks) () TMN, ; (Management Application Functions, MAF) 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
48
, . MAF , . . MAF; TMN (TMN Management Function, TMN MF) TMN (TMN management function sets). TMN MAF . TMN MF , , , ; (reference point) TMN. , , , , . , TMN, , : ; ; -; ; TMN; . TMN . , TMN. , TMN .
TM N TF OSF W SF
TF
NEF
. 3.5 TMN 3.5. : (Operations Systems Function block, OSF);
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
49
(Network Element Function block, NEF); (Workstation Function block, WSF); (Transformation Function block, TF). (OSF TF) , TMN. , c TMN. (WSF, NEF TF) . , TMN. TMN (reference point), . (q, f x) TMN; (g m) TMN
gW SF TM N
gW SF
f f qOSF
f xOSF OSF
TM N
q
q
q
q
q
q
qNEF NEF TF
(. 3.6). . 3.6 TMN , NEF. , TMN , .. , NE. , NEF , TMN. TMN, . 3.5 , NEF TMN . NEF, TMN, . 3.5 TMN. , OSF. / . OSF NEF q ( . M.3010, 02.2000 .). ,
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
50
M.30 1988 . : q1, q2 q3, 1997 . q3 qx. . q3 , . q1, q2 , (, ). , q1 q2. qx , 2000 . q. 3.7 OSF, NEF q . , q, CMIP.
OSF
NEF
q
. 3.7 OSF, NEF q . 3.7, TMN ( ) OSF q. OSF TMN ( ) x. . 3.7 . 1.9. , WSF . WSF g. WSF TMN, 3.5 WSF TMN , g . 3.6 TMN. , TF , . , . TF TMN, . , TMN TF , TMN, q ( TMN) m. m TMN, TF TMN. , TF , . TF Q- (Q Adaptor
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
51
Function, QAF), TMN (. , . - M.3010, 05.1996 .). , TF, QAF , TMN , TMN. TF (Mediation Functions, MF), NEF/QAF OSF. . 3.1. 3.1. (. - M.3010)NEF OSF TF WSF TMN q q NEF q q, x1 q f OSF q q q f m TF f f g WSF m g TMN . 1 x , OSF . g WSF , .
, . , , . , TMN 2000 . , TMN (Data Communication Function, DCF). , M.3010, . , DCN, 1 3 ( ) TMN . (Message Communication Function, MCF), , , . MCF , DCN.3.2.2. TMN
TMN, , TMN, , ,
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
52
. TMN , , , (phisical blocks). , , . (interfaces). , - (. 3.8):
TMN
+
TMN
+
. 3.8 TMN TMN : (NE); (Mediation Device, MD); Q- (QA); (OS); (WS); (DCN). TMN . 3.9.
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
53
TMN OS
X/F/Q OS X DCN
F
G
Q Q QQ-
Q
W S
Q-
NE TM N
NE TM N
. 3.9. TMN . , . : , , , . (Adaptation Device, AD) , TMN, , TMN. , Q- (Q-adapter, QA). Q- TMN Q- TMN. TMN. TMN, -TMN , (, ). X- (X-adapter, XA), TMN TMN , TMN. , TMN X-. , MD TMN, . Q- (Q-Mediator, QM) X- (X-mediator, XM). Q- 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
54
TMN, X- TMN. . . , OSF, OSF, MF WSF. , , . , . . 3.2 , . 3.2 (. - M.3010)NEF NE QA,XA,QM, XM OS WS. ; .
TF
OSF
WSF
3.2.3. TMN
TMN. , , . ( ) TMN TMN . , .. . TMN TMN -. TMN ( ), . TMN P-Part M-Part : TMN . 3.10 .
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
55
. M-Part (message part), -Part (protocol part). , TMN, M-Part , , .. CMIS . - X.710. P-Part , . , .. , . :
Q X x F f TMN , -, ETSI, TMF. , , , , TMN. , , . TMN , , . , TMN, . - M.3020 6. , TMN , . , . (. 4). . . , , . , . , , . - M.3200 M.3400. , . TMN , . - M.3100. 6. TMN: Q-, F- X-. Q- ,
q
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
56
( ). , Q- , TMN, . Q- OS NE OS OS. F- WS TMN, OSF TF. . X- TMN , , , TMN, . , TMN. X- , Q-. c Q-, X- TMN [1,2,4].3.2.4. TMN
, , . , . . TMN, , (. - X.720), - TMN. , . - . TMN. (managed object boundary). , , (. . 3.11):
( )
()
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
57
. 3.11 , ; , ; , ; , . , . - (Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects, GDMO) . - X.722. . , , . (acknowledgement), , . , , . , . 4. , GDMO. , , . , . . GDMO . [7,8,12,16](. 3.12). -, . Q (Get,Set,Create)
M IB
(notifications), (replays)
( )
. 3.12 TMN
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
58
, , , -. , , , . . . , . - (CREATE), (DELETE), (ACTION) , (GET) (SET) , GDMO. , , - . . . . , . , , .. . , , , . , , . , , .. , . (Management Information Base, MIB). MIB, , . . MIB , , . MIB , .. , ( ), . , MIB ( , ), . , , , GDMO. , -, , , , . , (descriminators) . , , . , , . ,
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
59
, . TMN , . , , ( ): , , . : , (-); , ; -; - -. , . GET (), CANCEL-GET ( ), CREATE () DELETE () ; SET (), EVENT-REPORT ( ) ACTION () . - TMN , . 3.13.GW SF
XA OSF M M A M OSF
F
X Q
M
QM
A TF A M
Q
A TF M M
QA TF
Q
Q QA NEF A TF A NEF
M
M
. 3.13. TMN, () () TMN 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
60
, (Shared Management Knowledge, SMK), TMN. 6.3 X. [11] , , , , . , 7- , , .3.2.5. TMN
TMN , . ; , , (Logical Layered Architecture, LLA) TMN. TMN. 1992 . . - M.3010. 1996 . 2000 . LLA , . TMN . [14] . 3.14.
1
SAP
2
SAP
3
. 3.14 (SAP ) 2 1 2 1. 1 , - 2. , 1, 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
61
2; 2 , 1 , . 3 2 3. , 1 3, 1 2, 2, , 3. , 1 3 2. TMN : (Network Element Layer, NEL); (Element Management Layer, EML); (Network Management Layer, NML); (Service Management Layer, SML); (Business Management Layer, BML). , , . 3.15. , BML
Business OSF B-OSF
, BMS
q
, SML
Service OSF S-OSF
x
, SMS
q
, NML
Network OSF N-OSF
x
, NMS
q
, EML
Element OSF E-OSF
x
, EMS
q
, NEL
Network Element NEF
x
. 3.15 TMN
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
62
TMN - (Business Operation System Function, B-OSF), / . (S-OSF) , . (N-OSF) TMN, . N-OSF (E-OSF). , E-OSF . N-OSF EOSF S-OSF. (Network Element Function, NEF) EML . LLA , - OSF OSF-, , . TMN, TMN q . NEF E-OSF OSF . - , . . E-OSF . , . TMN. , : ; ; , , , , /, .; ; . , OSF NEF - . , . , , , /, 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
63
.. . , : ( ); QoS ; ; ; ; . OSF , . OSF . OSF -, -. () , . , , . , ; . , , . , : (, , ..); ; ; ; , , . TMN . . , ( ). . , . , . , , , . IP- IP-, ATM, IP- (. 3.16).
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
64
TM N IP-
TM N ATM
OSF
OSF
X OSF X OSF
OSF X
OSF
OSF
OSF
NE
NE
. 3.16 TMN ( [6]) x ( X) IP- , ATM [6,14]. ATM . , ATM IP- ATM . IP ATM IP-; IP-. , IP- ATM, . , ATM QoS IP-, . , . .
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
65
. , . , . , . - 7. TMN (Management System, MS), TMN. , , , DCN. (): , , (), , . TMN . , MS OS. LLA (. . 3.15): (Business Management System, BMS) (Service Management System, SMS) (Network Management System, NMS) (Element Management System, EMS) , . . , , , .. , , , . OS , . , , , . MS. OS [7].
3.3. TMN ISO/IEC . 1988 . . - M.30 ISO/IEC, , , ISO/IEC 3. 2.0 .. , 2002
66
TMN. M.30 ISO/IEC . TMN. TMN TeleManagement Forum (TMF), (Network Management Forum, NMF). . , TMN , [14]: - , ISO/IEC; - , ISO/IEC; (management domains). - , TMN . , , TMN . , . , . , TMN , . . TMN . ; . , TMN , ( ), , (TMN) c DCN. , . . TMN , , SNMP. , . , , , , () [2]. . , TMN . TMN , , :
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
67
(), , ; , , , , () , ; CMIP (, CORBA); OSI.
OSI . , , - 2000 . TMN (TMN-2000). : ; TMN- OSI (CMIP), SNMP CORBA IDL; , TMN; , . , ; (Unified Modeling Language, UML), - . .
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
68
3. 1. . . , . . 1. // . Connect 2001. 10. . 74 - 77. 2. .. TMN // . 1998. 5. 3. .. . .: , 1999 . 4. .. . . 1,2 // 1999. 8,9 . 118 - 126. 5. .., .. : , // . 2000. 2. C. 83 87. 6. / .. , .. , .. .; . .. .. . .: , 1998. 7. . . .: , 2001. 8. ITUT Recommendation M.3010. Principles for a telecommunications management network. 2000. 9. ITUT Recommendation M.3020. TMN interface specification methodology. 2000. 10. ITUT Recommendation M.3400. TMN management functions. 2000.
11. ITUT Recommendation M.3100. Generic network information model. Amendment 2. 2000. 12. Bieszczad A., Biswas P.K., Buga W. and others. Management of Heterogeneous Networks with Intelligent Agents./ Bell Labs Technical Journal. October-December 1999. p. 109 135. 13. Lin G., Price J.D., Srinivas T.K. Network Information Models and One Vision Architecture// Bell Labs Technical Journal. October-December, 1998. p.109 135. 14. Pras A. Network Management Architectures. CTIT Ph. D-thesis series No. 95-02. Thesis University of Twente, Enschede. With ref. ISBN 90-365-0728-6. 1995. 15. Pras A, Bert-Jan van Beijnum, Sprenkels R. Introduction to TMN. CTIT Technical Report 99-09. University of Twente The Netherlands. http://www.simpleweb.org/tutorials/tmn/tmn.pdf 19.02.200116. Pedro Lopes R., Oliveira Jos Lus. Software agents in network management. 1999.
www.det.ua.pt/Projects/difference/ work/themes/agents_mngt.pdf 1.03.02
3. 2.0
.. , 2002
69
4.
4.1
TMN
, , ISO TMN, . - X 720. (Management Information Model, MIM) . , . . - X.701, , , , . , , , (.4.1). 1 1
MIB
1
2
...
N
. 4.1 , , , , . [4]. , , , , , .. , - . , , 3. , . , . , . , 4. 2.0 ..
70
, . . . () . , . , [18]. (managed object class), , , /. , , . , . c -. , , , - . . - .3100. (generic network information model), , , , . . , , . . .3100 TMN (TMN management information model) , . . , (fragments): c (nerwork), (management elements), (termination points), (switching and transmission), (cross connections), (functional areas) [12,14]. , , . 4.1.
4. 2.0
..
71
, . M.3100, , , . , . 4.1 , (, , , ). , , , . 4.1 CircuitPack equipment equipmentR1 equipmentHolder managedElement, managedElementR1 managedElementComplex software, softwareR1
, , , , , , , , ; , , TMN, () , ,
, , .4.2. 4.2 managedElement, circuitPack software, softwareR1 equipmentHolder managedElementComplex
, .. () , , , ,
. 4.2 , managedElement . 4.2. , . 4.1. , . . - M.3100 4. 2.0 ..
72
- (entity relations diagram). . - . 4.2. , Network () ; Network n . , (managed element) , .. , . , , , , .., . 4.2.1Network contains
n 1contains :
Network
ncontains (, )
Managed elem ent
1
n
- ( n )
. 4.2 (ER-) [7 - 9]: . , . . , , . () . , . . , . , TMN. , . 4. 2.0 ..
73
. . () . , , , . , , . , . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . ; . . . , . ; , . , , , .
4.2
(. 4.3). , .. , . , . - , , . 4. 2.0 ..
74
. . , , .
. 4.3 () . , , , . - () , , , TMN. , , . , [3]. , (actions), , , , . (notifications) . (replies) , , . . : (containment), (inheritance) (allomorphism), . , . - X.721, , (.. ) . , , , (, ). , , , . , 4. 2.0 ..
75
, , , , . , . (ontainment tree) , ( . 4.4).root
system
log
discrim inator
logRecord
. 4.4. , . - X.720, (root) . root system . 4.4, . - X.721, , , / . discriminator . logRecord , log, .. , . ; , . . , root. , , . , - , , ( , , , ). . . (name binding) . , (superior) : [C ]-[ ] - (), , . (naming tree), , c 4. 2.0 ..
76
. , , . , (Management Information Tree, MIT). MIT root, , . MIT: , , .. ; MIT.
. . , B A , , , B A. B , WITH ATTRIBUTE . . (Attribute Value Assertion, AVA) , ( . - X.721):AttributeValueAssertion ::= SEQUENCE { AttributeType, AttributeValue} AttributeType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER AttributeValue ::= INTEGER
, AVA OBJECT IDENTIFIER (OID), INTEGER. 4.4. (Relative Distinguished Name, RDN) , . RDN AVA , :RelativeDistinguishedName ::= SET OF AttributeValueAssertion
(Distinguished Name, DN) ; DN FDN , RDN root MIT. (Local Distinguished Names, LDN) RDN. , (human readable name forms) c () /, . - X.721. MIT , . 4.5.
4. 2.0
..
77
, 1 (alarmRecord, recordId=1), Log c ADM system ATS. , . 4.5 , ATS c ADM 1, LDN {systemId=ATS,logId=ADM, recordId=1"}.
rootRDN
A
System
system Id=ATS
LDN
Log
logId=ADM
RDN
DN
alarm Record
recordId=1
RDN
AVA
. 4.5 (inheritance) , , , . . , , , , , . , . - X.720 . (superior class) , (subordinate class). . (base) top "is-a"
D
B (derived)
E
F
F1
F2
. 4.6. 4. 2.0 ..
78
. 4.6 B , .. , , A. , B ( is-a) A. F2 , D. (inheritance tree ). , () . , , ( , ). - , () / () . . 4.6, , t (). , , top. - , , . , , /, . , . - X.721, . 4.7.top
log
logRecord
system
discrim inator
event logRecord
event forwarding Discrim inator
attributeValue Change Record
Alarm Record
. 4.7. , : top (. - X.721) , ; Alarm Record (. - X.721) 4. 2.0 ..
79
, log- / ; attributeValue ChangeRecord (. - X.721) , log ; log (. - X.721) / . ; logRecord (. - X.721) , log; , log; event logRecord (. - X.721) , log - ; event forwardingDiscriminator (. - X.721) , , , . . 4.7. . 4.4 . . 4.4. logRecord log, , (logRecord) (log). log logRecord , , , .. , / . , . , . , . , . , .. . . , . . , , . - , . , .. - , () , , . , , , ( 4. 2.0 ..
80
) . , GSM . , .. , . , , . TMN, TMN. . , , . .
4.3
GDMO
, , - (GDMO), . - X.722. () . . , , UML 6 2. , . , , (, ) . , , , . , [3,7,8]. (template) (parameterized class) , . . ; , , , . , , , . , , . (packages), (attributes), (notifications) (actions). (behavior). , GDMO . 4. 2.0 ..
81
(packages). . ( ) . (package) , . . - , . , , , . , , . , . , , . : , . , , . , , , . GDMO . , , : . , , . , , , . CREATE () . GDMO (mandatory) (conditional) . , PRESENT IF (, ), . () . . , . , . . (managed object classes) (templates), . 4.8. . , , , ( bind), , .. . () (.. ). : MANAGED OBJECT CLASS [DERIVED FROM [,]* ; ] [CHARACTERIZED BY [,]* ; ] 4. 2.0 ..
[CONDITIONAL PACKAGES PRESENT IF condition-definition [, PRESENT IF condition-definition]* ; ] PRESENT IF condition-definition ; REGISTERED AS object-identifier ; supporting productions ondition-definition -> delimited-string
82
: ; , REGISTERED AS ( ) DEFINED AS ( ), . (), , , . - X.208 (ISO/IEC 8824) , .. object-identifier -> , ObjectIdentifierValue , . - X.208 (ISO/IEC 8824). [ ] , , . * , . , , . . , < >, , , . . (keywords), , [ ]. , . DERIVED FROM - , top. , , .. . , , []. CHARACTERIZED BY - DERIVED FROM , , , . , . CONDITIONAL PACKAGES PRESENT IF condition-definition , . condition-definition , (, = ) , . , condition-definition, . , . - X.720 ISO/IEC 4. 2.0 ..
83
10165-1.PRESENT IF condition-definition
. . REGISTERED AS object-identifier , objectidentifier - (identifier) , , . ACTIONS , NOTIFICATIONS , , . < > . , , , , . , CREATE DELETE, . . - X.722 : PACKAGE [BEHAVIOUR [,]* ;] [ATTRIBUTES propertylist []* [, propertylist []*]* ;] [ATTRIBUTE GROUPS []* [, []*]* ;] [ACTIONS []* [, []*]* ;] [NOTIFICATIONS []* [, []*]* ; ] [REGISTERED AS object-identifier]. !: BEHAVIOUR [,]* - -
, . , . []* , BEHAVIOUR. .ATTRIBUTES propertylist []* [, propertylist []*]* - . propertylist, , ,
, .ATTRIBUTE GROUPS []* [, []*]* -
, . ACTIONS []* [, []*]* - , , . , . parameter-labels, , ; , parameterlabels () , .NOTIFICATIONS []* [, []*]* - , - . notification-label . -
, , . parameter-label, , . REGISTERED AS object-identifier - , object-identifier , , , , , , . . - X.722 , , , , . - ( ) . , : , , , CREATE DELETE; , , (, Actions/Operations/ Notifications) , ; (relations), , ; (attributes), , ; / , , , , ; (invariant), , , . ( ), , , .
, , , , , . . : 1. . 2. . 3. . , 4. 2.0 ..
85
, . , , . - X.721. , , . X.733, alarmRecord. , . - M.3100 . . , .
4. 2.0
..
- package behavior template
86
- attribute behavior template - attribute parameter template
attribute template - attribute syntax lefinition managed object class template - attribute group template - attribute behavior definition - action parameter template - action template -action information syntax definition - action replay syntax definition notification template -notification behavior template - notification parameter template - notification attribute template
- package template - characterized by package - conditional package
notification information syntax definition - notification replay syntax definition
. 4.8. ,
4. 2.1
..
87
4.4
, , (. . - M.3100) [12]:network MANAGED OBJECT CLASS DERIVED FROM "Recommendation X.721: 1992":top; CHARACTERIZED BY networkPackage PACKAGE BEHAVIOUR networkDefinition; ATTRIBUTES networkId GET;;; CONDITIONAL PACKAGES userLabelPackage PRESENT IF "an instance supports it"; REGISTERED AS {m3100ObjectClass 1}; networkDefinition BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS The Network object class is a class of managed objects that are collections of interconnected telecommunications and management objects (logical or physical) capable of exchanging information. These objects have one or more common characteristics, for example they may be owned by a single customer or provider, or associated with a specific service network. A network may be nested within another (larger) network, thereby forming a containment relationship. An example of a network that is contained in another network is a transmission sub-network. It is owned by a single Administration and can only perform transmission functions.;
, (network) . - X.721 top. networkPackage. ( ) networkDefinition. networkId ( ) GET (), .. . userLabelPackage, . {m3100ObjectClass1}. : , ( ), . , , . , , . . :exampleObjectClass MANAGED OBJECT CLASS DERIVED FROM "CCITT Rec. X.721 (1992) | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":top ; CHARACTERIZED BY examplePackage2 ; CONDITIONAL PACKAGES examplePackage1 PACKAGE ACTIONS activate ; 4. 2.1
..
NOTIFICATIONS communicationError ; REGISTERED AS {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) smi(3) part4(4) package(4) examplepack1(0)} ; PRESENT IF !conformance class 2 of underlying resource implemented as described in ISO/IEC XXXX! ; REGISTERED AS {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) smi(3) part4(4) managedObjectClass(3) exampleclass(0)};
88
, exampleObjectClass . - X.721 top; examplePackage2 examplePackage1. examplePackage1 activate (), communicationError; {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) smi(3) part4(4) package(4) examplepack1(0)}. , : ISO/IEC XXXX, 2. . - X.721, X.723 .3100. , . , . DEFINED AS . , , , ( . - X.721): availabilityStatusPackageAvailabilityStatusBehaviour BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS " . X.734, X.735ISO/IEC 10164-5, 10164-6 ... ";
, , . . - .3100: cross-connectionCrossConnectionBehaviour BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS " ... ( ): : (Unlocked) : Cross-Connection , . (Locked) : , . : (Enabled) : ( ). (Disabled) : ".
. . - X.72: topTopBehaviour BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS " ... miscellaneousError , ";
( . - . 3100): equipment:EquipmentBehaviour BEHAVIOUR 4. 2.1 ..
89
DEFINED AS " ..., ., attributeValueChange, X.721, , : , , , , . , , . , stateChangeNotification, X.721, , (.. administrativeOperational State). ";
, ( . - .3100): alarmStatusBehaviour :AlarmStatusBehaviour BEHAVIOUR DEFINED AS " ... ( ): ActiveReportable-Critical ActiveReportable-Major ActiveReportable-Minor ActiveReportable-Indeterminate ActiveReportable-Warning ActivePending - cleared / "
, , . . , GDMO, 1997 . P609 TMN Specification Support ( TMN). , EURESCOM , TMN, . EURESCOM E-MOL (EURESCOM Managed Object and Information Library). 1997 . www.eurescom.org . : (managed object); (management function); (glossary); (ensembles); TMN (TMN guidelines). , E-MOL , , , . , : ITU-T/ISO, ETSI, NMF, EURESCOM, IETF. E-MOL . 4.9.
4. 2.1
..
90
. 4.9 E-MOL ( ) E-MOL , . , , , TariffRule ( ), EURESCOM. GDMO, .
. 4.10 link GDMO 4. 2.1 ..
91
E-MOL , , , , . , .. , , , . , , (. 4.10). ASCII HTML. , , , . GDMO . GDMO -, .
4.5
(Object Identifier, OID) [17,19] , , , . () . . - X.208. (. 4.11).
root ccitt(0) iso(1)joint-iso-ccitt(2)
recom m endation(0)
question(1)
adm inistration(2)
standart(0)
registrationauthority(1)
adm inistration (2)
indetified-orga nization(3)
. 4.11. , root . ccitt, iso joint-iso-ccitt , . , . 4.3.
4. 2.1
..
92 4.3
, - , - , ANSI (American National Standards Institute ) ccitt iso joint-iso-ccitt
0 1 2
, OID. , root. . , . 4.11, . , . . , , {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) smi(3)part4(4) managedObjectClass(3) exampleclass(0)}.
. - X.722 , , .. , , {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9)}, ms management systems. , ms; 9 . ms , , (. 4.4). 4.4 smo(0) Cmip(1) function(2) smi(3)
. - X.701| ISO/IEC 10040 CMIP . - X.711 | ISO/IEC 9596-1 . - X.7XX | ISO/IEC 10164-X, X . - Rec. X.72X | ISO/IEC 10165-X, X -
, partX(X) . X.72X | ISO/IEC 10165-X, . - X.724, , . {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) smi(3) part4(4)} (. 4.5).
4. 2.1
..
93
4.5 StandardSpecificExtension(0) asn1Module(2) managedObjectClass(3) package(4) parameter(5) nameBinding(6) attribute(7) attributeGroup(8) action(9) notification(10)
, .. ASN.1 ,
, 0. ccitt , . 4.6. 4.6 0 1 recommendation question
-. 1 26 A Z -. : + ( x 32), , , 1988 1992 . = 1. , , . - X.121 . - X.121
2 4
administration network-operator
, . - M.3100 , {m3100ObjectClass 1}. {ccitt (0) recommendation(0)}.
4.6
ASN.1 BER
, (Abstract Syntax Notation One, ASN.1). ASN.1 . ISO 8824 [15], Addendum 1 ISO 8824, . - X.208. ASN.1 ISO / (datatypes). ASN.1 , , GDMO, , .. 4. 2.1 ..
94
. ASN.1 , . ASN.1 , , C++ Java. (. 4.12).
C++
ASN.1 ( )
Java
BER ( )
BER
(TCP, CM IP)
(TCP, CM IP)
. 4.12 ASN.1 BER ASN.1 ISO [6,10,18]: , (PDU); , CMIP SNMP.
ASN.1 . , ASN.1, . GDMO ASN.1 . ASN.1 , - , , . ASN.1 , . . , . . , ASN.1, , . . , 4. 2.1 ..
95
. ASN.1 : , ( ). , , ASN.1, , .. ASN.1. , ASN.1, .. . , , , .. . ASN.1 , ; , ASN.1, . ASN. 1 : (simple) , ; (structured) , ; (tagged) , ; , CHOICE ANY (. ). . , , () . ASN.1 ::= , . ASN.1, CHOICE ANY, - (tag). , ASN.1, , . , ASN.1 , . , [ ] . SEQUENCE, , .. OPTIONAL. . : (universal) , , SEQUENCE , GRAPHIC STRING; (application) , , . - X.500; . ; (private) , , ; - (context-specific) , , , . - . . . 4. 2.1 ..
96
. - X.208. . ASN.1 , , : ; ; (--), ; ( ) ( ) , , , ; ; . ASN.1 (Basic Encoding Rules, BER), . ASN.1 BER . 4.7. ASN.1 (simple types), , . . ASN.1 (constructed type), . . ASN. 1 . , . . 4.7 , ASN.1 , . , . 4.7 21 . (CMIP) ASN.1. 4.7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-15 16 17 18 19 20 ASN.1BOOLEAN INTEGER BIT STRING OCTET STRING NULL OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT DESCRIPTOR EXTERNAL REAL ENUMERATED SEQUENCE, SEQUENCE OF SET, SET OF NumericString PrintableString TeletexString
(0 1) - ,
, ..
4. 2.1
97 (GMT),
21 23 26 29
ASN.1VideoTexString UTCTime VisibleString
, :ChekingAccountBalance ::= INTEGER -- ,
. ChekingAccountBalance, , . ASN.1 , ATM, ETSI 1996 ( E-MOL):xAtmInfoModel OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {ccitt (0) identified-organization (4) etsi (0) xcoop (1996) informationModel(0)}
ASN.1. . . , (, ). , .. . , MACRO, . , MACRO (DEFAULT) . CHOICE {} (OR). {} . , TypeATS ( ) TypeATS1, TypeATS2, TypeATS3. :TypeATS::= CHOICE { [1] TypeATS-1, [2] TypeATS-2, [3] TypeATS-3 }
TypeATS-1 , TypeATS-2 - , TypeATS-3 - . , CHOICE. () SEQUENCE {} , . (AND). . , IndexATS ( ) () Digit-1, Digit-2 Digit-3. , . 4. 2.1 ..
IndexATS ::= SEQUENCE { Digit-1, Digit-2, Digit-3 }
98
Digit-1 , Digit-2 - , Digit-3 - ( ). . SEQUENCE OF , , . . . SET , . - SEQUENCE. . SET OF , . SEQUENCE SET . OPTIONAL. , , OPTIONAL DEFAULT. ASN. 1 ANY. ANY , . ASN.1 IP- [20] (. 4.13).0 Version 4 Hlen 8 Type of service Flags 16 19 Total length Fragm ent offset Header cheksum 31
Identification Tim e to live Protocol
Source address Destination address IP option Data Padding
. 4.13 IP- ASN.1:IpPDU ::= SEQUENCE { version INTEGER, hlen INTEGER, service INTEGER, total-len INTEGER, id INTEGER, flags BIT STRING, offset BIT STRING, 4. 2.1 ..
ttl INTEGER, protocol INTEGER, checksum INTEGER, srcaddr INTEGER, dstaddr INTEGER, options OptionType OPTIONAL, data IpDataType }
99
ASN. 1 IP- . 4.8. 4.8. IP Version Hlen Type of service Total length, Time to live Identificator Flags
IP- IP , 4 6 , 15 , .. 60 , IP-, 65535 , , 255 , 4 . 0 , 1 (0 ; 1 - ), 2 , (0 ; 1 - ) , , , 0 255 , IP- , IP- , IP , , ,
ASN.1version hlen service total-len ttl id flags
ASN.1INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER BIT STRING
Fragment offset
offset
BIT STRING
Protocol Header cheksum Source address Destination address ptions, padding
protocol cheksum srcaddr dstaddr options OptionType
INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER OPTION
Data
data IpDataType
[1] SNMP IpAddress, 4 : 4. 2.1 ..
IpAddress ::= [APPLICATION 0] OCTET STRING (SIZE (4)) ,
100
[APPLICATION 0] .
. (. - X.216) , . , , , . , .. - (encoding rules), , ( transfer syntax). ( . - X.226) , . (. - X. 200), . (Basic Encoding Rules, BER), , , ASN.1, . [11]. ISO 8825 ASN.1 BER . () , . . BER ASN.1, ASN.1 (. 4.14).
0 tag
7
15length ()
1039 contents 15 ()
(prim itive)
f
0 7 8
( 128)
0
1
2 3
15 value ()
tag
length
value ()
tag
length
(constructed)
. 4.14. BER : (tag), , ; (length), contents/value; contents/value, . ASN.1 BER: 4. 2.1 ..
101
(primitive, definite-length encoding) contents/value; (constructed, definite-length encoding) contents/value , 7 length contents/value. 27 = 128 ; (constructed, indefinitelength encoding).
: ; , ; , . . 4.14 28*126 = 10 290 . , - . , . , , , - . tag BER : - (class) 2 ( . 4.9);
4.9 , - 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
- f : f = 0, , f=1, ; - number . 32, 5 . 32, tag , . 4.15. , 26 , , 67 108 864; 255. 0;
f
1 1 1 1 1
1
X X X
X X X X
...
0
X X X
X X X X
1
4
. 4.15. tag
4. 2.1
..
102
- length , .. contents/value. 8 , 128 . , (long form) , . 4.16. 0 1 > 128
1 > 128
125
...
> 128
. 4.16. length length , . 4.17.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
. 4.17. Length value/contents ( ). , (end-of-contents octets) . . BER: ( UNIVERSAL2, , 129) : 02 02 FF 7F; ( UNIVERSAL6, {2 100 3 }) 06 03 81 34 03. BER . , (Distinguished Encoding Rules, DER), BER. , ASN.1. , ASN.1 , SDL. [5,6,13]. BER ASN.1. , . - X.690 Canonical Encoding Rules ( ), Distinguished Encoding Rules ( ), . - X.691 Packed Encoding Rules ( ), . X.692 Encoding Control Notation ( ). X.680 Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation ( . ASN.1. ). XML (Extensible Markup Language, ) , ASN.1. , . - X.693 XML. ISO World Wide Web (WWW). 4. 2.1 ..
103
4. 1. . // . LAN. 1998. 10. 2. ASN.1/C++. Application Programming Interface Part 1: Base Classes and Specific Interface/ NMF 040-1 1998. Issue 1.0. 3. Divakara K. Udupa TMN: Telecommunications Management Network/ McGraw-Hill. 1999. 420 p. 4. EM Programming Concepts/Sun Microsystems. 1996. : [http://www.dkrz.de/~k202046/em/products/sem/Manuals/dev_guide/em_concepts.doc.html 18.01.01] 5. ETR 298. Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); Specification of protocols and services; Handbook for SDL, ASN.1 and MSC development/ETSI Technical report. September,1996. : [portal.etsi.org/edithelp/pdf/298__r1.pdf 5.09.01] 6. ETSI ETR 060. Signalling Protocols and Switching (SPS); Guidelines for using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) in telecommunication application protocols/ Second Edition. 1995. : [portal.etsi.org/edithelp/pdf/060__r2.pdf 11.07.01] 7. EURESCOM Project P609. TMN Specification Support. Deliverable 4. TMN Guidelines 97. Volume 1 of 7: Main part/For full publication. 1997. [www.eurescom.de/public/projects/ p600-series/P609/P609.HTM 15.03.01] 8. EURESCOM Project P609. TMN Specification Support. Deliverable 4. TMN Guidelines 97. Volume 5 of 7: Annex D. Process Modelling for PNOs/ For full publication. 1997. [www.eurescom.de/public/projects/ p600-series/P609/P609.HTM 15.03.01] 9. Hasselmeyer P. A Methodology for Formalizing GDMO Behavior Descriptions. Information Technology Transfer. Office Darmstadt University of Technology Wilhelminenstr, Germany. : [http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/hasselmeyer99methodology.html 14.05.01] 10. ITU-T Recommendation X.691. Information technology ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER) 1995. 11. ITU-T Recommendation X.690. Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER). 1994. 12. ITUT Recommendation M.3100. Generic network information model. 1995. 13. ITUT Recommendation Z.105. SDL combined with ASN.1 (SDL/ASN.1) [http://www.tdr.dk/public/SDL/litt.html 28.04.01] 14. I-ETS 300 293. Telecommunications Management Network (TMN). Generic managed objects. 1996. : [http://pda.etsi.org/pda/home.asp?wki_id=873 1.02.01] 4. 2.1 ..
104 : [
15. ISO 8824 Encapsulations specifications. http://www.digest.org/html/gp2b1.htm#A1 4.05.01]
16. Layman's Guide to a Subset of ASN.1, BER, and DER An RSA Laboratories Technical Note : [http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/pkcs/index.html 8.05.01 ] 17. Object Identifiers. Descriptions. http://www.alvestrand.no/harald/objectid/ 28.04.01] : [
18. Pras A. Network Management Architectures. CTIT Ph. D-thesis series No. 95-02. Thesis University of Twente, Enschede. - With ref. ISBN 90-365-0728-6. 1995. : [http://www.simpleweb.org/nm/research/results/publications/pras/thesis.html 17.10.01] 19. Sloman M (editor) and others. Network and Distributed Systems management. Addison Wesley. 1994. 20. Williamson B. J. and Farrell C.A. Independent active program representation using ASN.1. : [http://asn1.elibel.tm.fr/fr/biblio/ccr-9904-williamson.pdf 19.05.2001]
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106
5. CMIP 5.1 (), (C), , .. . , ISO 9595, , (Common Management Information Services Element, CMISE) [6, 7]. - CMISE (Application Service Element, ASE), . , . ASE , , , , , . ASE . CMISE, , (services), (protocol machine) , (Protocol Data Units, PDU), /, , [9]. . : - (a management notification service); - (management operation service). . , , , (linked) (identification parameter). , . , ASE: - (System Management Application Service Element, SMASE); - (Common Management Information Service Element, CMISE); - (Association Control Service Element, ACSE); - (Remote Operations Service Element, ROSE); - (co-ordination function). 5. 2.0 ..
107
[1], ASE (INAP) 7. ACSE , , (application associations) - . ASE , ASCE. , , ASE. ASCE. , A-ASSOCIATE, . ROSE , (Remote Procedure Calls, RPC), (. . 5.1). , . [6].SM ASE
CM ISE
API
ACSE
ROSE
1 - 6
. 5.1. CMISE , . (Common Management Information Services, CMIS) (Common Management Information Protocol, CMIP), ISO 9696. CMIS . CMIP , , . CMIS CMIP . CMIP . , - . -
5. 2.0
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CMISE : - , ; - /, . , . , , . (. . 5.2). . 5.2. - , , . (management information) . , CMISE , [3]. ( ) ()
CM IS M IB CM IP
M ISE
M ISE
(NE), (logfile) (logRecord) . . ( ), , , CMISE , . , 3 (control plane). CMISE . CMISE . . (Goverment Network Management Protocol, GNMP) NIST OMNIPoint 1 -
5. 2.0
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(Network Management Forum, NMF) . , CMISE ISDN - - (UserNetwork Interface, UNI) . CMISE ISDN Q.931 Q.932 , , . CMIP (Management Information Base, MIB), .. . , , , . , . , (termination point) () , . , . (, ISDN), , , . , LT. (actions) , . (templates) / TMN GDMO ASN.1. - , .
5.2 CMIS5.2.1 CMIS
, ( ) CMIP CMIS. CMIS , , . CMIS (request), (.. , ). (onfirmed request operations) , . , (unconfirmed request operations), . , -, , CMIS (receipt, responce) , . . 5. 2.0 ..
110
CMIS , -, , . , . , , ( ) . . CMIS [4] : 1. MultipleObjectSelection , (scoping) . , . , (. MultipleReply). MultipleObjectSelection . MultipleObjectSelection, MultipleReply. 2. MultipleReply . , (. MultipleObjectSelection) . MultipleReply , . MultipleReply . MultipleReply, MultipleObjectSelection. 3. filter () CMIS, . . , . , . , . . 4. kernel () CMIS: M-Event-Report; M-Get, M-Set, M-Action, M-Create MDelete ( 5.3). . 5. ConfirmedCancelGet M-Cancel-Get. . 6. extendedService . - X.710 . ISO 9595. , . - X.200, X.210 X.216. CMIS CMISE. , (. 5.3): 1. (Management Association Services, MAS) , 5. 2.0 ..
111
, . 2. (Management Notification Service, MNS) - , , . 3. (Management Operation Services, MOS) , , .
( - - )
CMISE
CMIP
ACSE
RO SE
. 5.3 CMIP, CMIS, CMISE , , MAS (. 5.4): M-Associate ( ) CMISE ; - M-Release , , CMISE; - M-Abort , . SM ASEM-EVENT-REPO RT M-G ET, M-SET, M-ACTIO N,M-CREATE, M-DELETE, M-CANCEL-G ET
M-Associate M-Release M-Abort CMISE API
CM ISE
. 5.4 MAS MOS
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MNS (, ), . MEVENT-REPORT. ISO/IEC 9595 CMIS MOS: M-GET, M-SET, M-CREATE, M-DELETE, M-ACTION, M-EVENT-REPORT, MCANCELGET. M-SET, M-ACTION M-EVENT-REPORT . , . , . , (ACSE). ACSE CMISE: 1. () / , . , CMISE. 2. () , CMISE . MOS, . MOS , (, ); , . , MOS . MOS [5,10].5.2.2 MOS
M-GET , , . / , . , MOS, . M-GET , , , . , , . , . . . (linked-ID). , M-GET, , . 5. 2.0 ..
113
( ), , . M-GET , , . M-CANCEL-GET , M-GET. , M-GET, . M-GET , , . M-GET , . M-GET , M-CANCEL-GET, . , M-CANCEL-GET , M-GET . M-CANCEL-GET , . M-SET , / , . , , , . , . , . , , , . , , . M-SET , , M-GET. MGET, M-SET , . . ( ) . M-ACTION ( ) . . ACTION . , , . , (, ), CMIS . : -
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, . (security control information). M-ACTION M-SET. SET ACTION . ISO/IEC 10165-1 Management Information Model ( ). , M-ACTION , . M-CREATE , . . . , M-CREATE . . , . , . : - () . , , (containment). , . , . ; - , , , . , , , . . ISO/IEC 10165-1. , M-CREATE , . M-CREATE , M-CREATE, . , . M-DELETE MCREATE. , . : . , . , , : - ;
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, , . . . , M-DELETE , .
-
5.3
CMIP
CMIP MISE , . . CMIP , -, , CMIP , . CMIP (PDU) PDU CMISE, CMIS. CMIP PDU, . ACSE, , ROSE. CMIP CMISE (. 5.5). , CMISE, ASCE ROSE CMIP (. 5.6). CMISE CMIS- ( ), CMIP PDU. CMIS, , CMISE. CMIP . - X.710 ( . ISO/IEC 9595) .X.711 ( . ISO/IEC 9596-1). CMIP CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol Machine, CMIPM). CMIP. , , CMIS CM ISE- . CMIS CMIP . CMIP () MIS PDU , CMIP, M -GET M -DELETE M -CANCEL-G ET M -EVENT-REPORT (. 5.7).M -SET M -ACTION M -CREATE
MIP PDUm -Get m -Set m -SetConfirm ed m -Linked-Reply m -Delete m -Action m -ActionConfirm ed m -Create m -EventReport
m -Cancel-GetConfirm ed
m -EventReportConfirm ed
5. 2.0
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. 5.5 CMIS CMIP
. 5.6 CMIP ACSE ROSE
CM ISEA-Associate A-Release A-Abort ACSE/ROSE API ACSE ROSE
RO-Invoke, RO-Reject, RO-Result, RO-Error
P-CONNECT P-RELEASE P-ABORT
P-DATA
5. 2.0
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, .. CMIPM PDU CMISE. PDU , . , PDU , . , CMIPM PDU, , CMIS CMIS . CMISE ASCE : A-ASSOCIATE, ARELEASE, A-ABORT, A-P-ABORT. MISE CMIS CMIS
CMIPPDU
CMIP CMIP (CMIPM)
CMIP PDU
CMIP PDU
ROSE
. 5.7 CMIPM . X.638 : - R ROSE . ISO/IEC 9072-4; - A ACSE . X.247 | ISO/IEC 8650-2 - P . X.246 | ISO/IEC 8823-2; - S . ITU-T Rec. X.245 | ISO/IEC 8327-2. . , . A-ASSOCIATE . A-RELEASE , , , . . A-ABORT . A-ABORT 5. 2.0 ..
118
. A-ABORT , . A-P-ABORT . 4 , : 1. Event, M-EVENT-REPORT; . 2. Event/Monitor Event , MGET . 3. Monitor/Control M-GET, M-SET, M-CREATE, M-DELETE M-ACTION. (event reporting) . 4. Full Mgr/Agent, CMIS. , ( ) Event. , - , . . Full Monitor/Control, Event/Monitor Event A-ASSOCIATE. CMIP ROSE: ROINVOKE, RO-RESULT, RO-ERROR RO-REJECT. ROSE 5.1. 5.1 ROSERO-INVOKE
ROSE - . . , RO-INVOKE, () , , () RO- INVOKE , ( ) ROSE ( ROSE) ( ) ROSE
RO-RESULT RO-ERROR RO-REJECT-U RO-REJECT-T
5. 2.0
..
119
CMIS IP- . M-GET, CMIP IP . CMISE CMIP, (. 5.8) CM ISE - M-G ET M-G ET
CMISE - M-G ET M-G ET
CM IPM RO -INVO KE RO -RESULT
CMIPM RO -RESULT RO -INVO KE
RO SE
RO SE
M-G etM -G et (RO-Invoke) M -G et (RO-RESULT )
M -G et M-G et
M-Get
. 5.8. MGET ROSE CMIP, CMISE PDU. CMIP , CMISE . GET, CMISE MGET. GET MGET, : - c (APDU) MGET; - APDU RO-INVOKE. , MGET APDU, CMIPM , APDU , CMISE MGET, MGET. APDU , APDU APDU () MGET ROREJECT-U. 5. 2.0 ..
120
MGET (.. ) : - MGET, CMISE; LinkedID, MGET; - APDU, MGET; - MGET APDU RORESULT; ROERROR. APDU, MGET, : - APDU , linkedID, MGET CMISE; - APDU , APDU, ; APDU RO-REJECT-U. , CMIP . . , CMIP , .
5.4
CMIP Tcl
, Tcl, CMIP, - CMIS [2, 8]. cmip. , CMIP, .. -, . Tcl . , . Tcl , . Tcl Tcl, , , , Tcl. , Tcl, , . Tcl , . Tcl , . Tcl SUN Microsystems.
5. 2.0
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121
Tcl : ? ?; : - , , ; - ? (. ), , , . ? , , 0 1 . [8] Tcl SMISE CMIP. Tcl Tcl. Tcl cmip connect , . . cmip wait , CMIP. , . cmip info cmip, cmip connect. mip cmip# get class instance ? options ? cmip# get , cmip connect. class () instance () , , (options): -scope scope ? -atomic? scope . -atomic, - , , scope . -filter filter filter , .. , . -attributes attributes attributes , . , . , . cmip# set class instance attributes ?options ? cmip# set . class () instance ()
5. 2.0
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, . attributes () ; , : , (modify-operation). (replace), (addValue), (removeValue) (setToDefault). , . -nonconfirmed , set . , set . cmip# action class instance action ?options ? cmip# action -. class () instance () , . scope filter. , , . cmip# create class ? options ? cmip# create c . : -instance instance | -superior superiorInst instance , .. , (. 5.3). instance, superiorInst , . -reference referenceInst referenceInst , . -attributes attributes attributes ; - . cmip# delete class instance ?options ? cmip# delete , . , , . cmip# release cmip# release , .. . cmip# abort cmip# abort , . ,
5. 2.0
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123
- - . , .. . , CMIP ( SNMP-) . CMIS/CMIP , SNMP. CMIS/CMIP , . CMIS/CMIP . CMIS/CMIP . CMIS/CMIP SNMP . , 3 SNMP . CMIS/CMIP , . - CMIS/CMIP TMN. CMIS/CMIP , CMIS/CMIP. TCP/IP: , , . CMIP TCP/IP. , CMIP , TCP/IP, . , . . CMIS/CMIP . 1990 SNMP. , , CMOT (CMIS/CMIP TCP/IP), , , , [11]. , , CMIS/CMIP, .
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5. 1. .. . .: ,1997. 2. . Tcl (Tool Command Language). .: , 2001. 3. CMIP/CMIS Object Oriented Network Management. http://www.cellsoft.de/telecom/cmip.html 16.01.2001 4. CMIP Services and Topology Agent Programming Guide. Document Number: SC316544-00. http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/BOOKS/ISTP7000/CCONTENTS 25.03.2002 5. CMIS/C++: Application Programming Interface/ TMF 041. 2000. Issue 1.1. http://www.tmforum.org/sdata/documents/TMFC1402%20TMFC780%20TMF041.pdf 3.02.01 6. Divakara K. Udupa TMN: Telecommunications Management Network. McGrawHill. 1999 7. ITU-T: Recommendation X.711. Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Common management information protocol. 1997. 8. Kernchen M., Schoenwaelder J. A Tcl interface to the CMIP protocol. http://chaos.iu.hioslo.no/doc/tclman/scotty218/cmip.n.html 18.04.2002 9. Raman L. CMISE Functions and Services/IEEE Communications Magazine. 1993. Vol. 31, 5. http://www.comsoc.org/livepubs/surveys/public/raman/raman.html 4.04.01 10. Ranganathan Parasuram The Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). http://www.ittc.ukans.edu/~ram/docs/801/cmip.html 17.01.01 11. RFC 1095. The Common Management Information Services and Protocols for the Internet (CMOT and CMIP). October, 1990.
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6. TMN 6.1 TMN TMN . TMN . M.3200. M.32xx . TMN , . TMN, , . M.3400. [17, 18]. . , . , 7 , , . . TMN . M.3020. : - . M.3207.1 ( 05.1996 .). - . M.3208.1 TMN : ( 10.1997 .). - . - M.3208.2 TMN : ( 03.1999 .). - . - M.3208.3 TMN : ( 02.2000.). - . - M.3208.3 TMN IMT-2000 ( 01.2001). - . - M.3211.1 TMN: ( 05.1996). TMN. , . . M.3200 , , . 6.1 ( . - .3200, 1997 .): 6. 2. ..
128
6.1 7
+ + + + + + + + + + (Network Provisioning) + + + + + + (Work Force Management) , + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . + , .
TMN
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
. , . M.3200 . , , , , , .., 6.1, .. . : , , . , , (alarm summary), (alarm event criteria), , . TMN, , (route larm report), (request alarm history). . M.3400. , : . : 6. 2. ..
129
; ; ; . TMN : - , . - TMN . - OS . - , , ( ), . - , . , . , . - . [3]. [16] TMN. , TMN. . , . TMN . Q.823.1 Management Conformance Statement Proforma, 1997 ( ). 1) 2) 3) 4)
6.2 Q Q ( Q.3) () OS. Q TMN. Q . Q.811, Q . Q.812. . G.784 Q SDH.
6. 2.
..
130
, Q, . 6.1. ( )
ASE
FTAMISO 8571
CMIP
ISO 9595 ISO 9596
ASCEX.227 X.217
ASCEX.227 X.217
ROSEX.219 X.229
X.226 X.209 X.216
X.225 X.215
ISO 8473-3 (CLNS) ISO 8208 X.25 ISO 7776 LAPB X.25 X.21 / X.21 bis V.35 G.703
X.224 X.214
ISO 8473-3 (CLNS) ISO 802.3 LCC ISO 802.3 M AC ISO 802.2 Ethernet
ISO 8473-4 (CLNS)
CLNP/CONP AAL5
Q.921 LapD ATM SDH DCC 2M TS n
. 6.1 Q , DCN, Q. PDU , 2. PDU (File Transfer Access Method, FTAM). CMISE . Q, , GDMO/ASN.1 CORBA/IDL (. 7). Q , , E1 - . . Q . : CMISE 6. 2. ..
131
FTAM . FTAM ASCE, CMISE ACSE, ROSE. Q ASN.1 BER. : - . X.216 ; - . X.226 , ; - . X.209 BER ASN. 1. (), .. . . , . . Q (). : - . X.215 ; - . X.225 , . , .. , . , , . . , , , . , , , () . : - . X.214 ; - . X.224 , ; - ISO 8602 , . . : - . (Connectionless Network Protocol, CLNP); - CLNP . (End System, ES) (Intermediate System, IS) ISIS. , , CLNP. 6. 2. ..
132
: - ISO 8348 . c (Connection-mode Services, CONS) (Connectionless-mode Services, CLNS); - ISO 8473-1 ; - ISO 8473-2 CLNS ISO 8802; - ISO 8473-3 CLNS X.25; - ISO 8473-4 CLNS ; - ISO 8473-5 CLNS B- . . LapD (link access procedure D-channel, D), . - Q.921. LapD . - G.784. Ethernet (logical link control, LLC). X.25 (high-level data link control protocol, LapB), ISO 7776. Q . Q . - Q , (ETSI), -, ISO , ATM (ATM Forum). , ATM , (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM). Q , . , . , . Q, . ETSI [69, 24] -, Q V.5.1, V.5.2. www.etsi.org Q . , , . - Q.825 Q.3: ( 06.1998 .). , () Q , . ETSI. 6. 2. ..
133
. (Entity Relationships diagram, ERdiagram), . . , ETSI -. 4 . Q . ER ( ). . , Q, , , , , . Q , ETSI, ISO -, ( ) GDMO . Q , . Q , , , , . , Q . ( ). , , , . , - - MIB . Q , GDMO . . Q, . , Q, , . 6.2 [2,23]. . 6.2 , Q / ( , , ). , Q, , , ( ), , (, ), (, , -, ). 6.2 6. 2. ..
134
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