Standards SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE. a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns.

Standards• SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse

characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE. • a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to

settled agriculture. • e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of

resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.

History of People in Africa

A Very Short Introduction

Western Desert of Egypt

• 8000 BC– Domesticated cattle

• 7000BC– Domestication of wheat– storage of grains

• 6000 BC– Storage pits

• 5000 BC– Domestication of sheep

and goats

• Food storage = social hierarchy

Migration • Why migrate?

– Overpopulation – Ecological necessity– Violence

• Frequency– Intermittent and

incremental• Absorbs local populations• Spreads:

– Cultures– Languages– Religions– technologies

Causes of MigrationPush Factors

• Environmental:– Climate changes– exhausted resources– Natural Disasters

• earthquakes; volcanoes; drought; famine

• Economic:– Unemployment – slavery– Lack of available land

• War

Causes of MigrationPull Factors

• Environmental– More space– Resources– climate

• Economic: – Land Ownership– Job opportunities

• Politics• Religion

Bantu Migrations

• From the savanna• Nomadic herders• slash-and-burn

farming • S&B = soil depletion• Need knew land every

few years

Bantu Migrations

• Bantu means “the people”

• Started migrating south & east around 3,000 B.C.

• Shared skills• learned new customs • adapted to

environment

Effects of Bantu Migrations

• drove out some inhabitants, intermixed with others

• produced a great variety of cultures

• Language helped unify the continent

• Swahili most common language today

Effects of Bantu Migrations

• Technology – ironworking– bronze, copper & iron

tools/weapons– Superior weapons– Excellent tools

• social & political organization

Innovations & Technologies

• New crops – Ie: Banana, via

Madagascar, native to south Asia

More efficient food production

– More & better nourished people

• Agriculture takes space…with Population increase, need to spread out on more land.

SummarySummary• 4000 BCE to 400 CE in Africa & Eurasia, & earlier in

Oceania.

• Migration Migration spread & mingling of cultures:– Technologies– Religions– Governments– People!

• WhyWhy migrate?• HowHow do we know?

– Languages!– DNA– Material Culture (artifacts)

• EffectEffect on World History?

Photo: Division of India & Pakistan sudden mass migration – largest in modern history.

Standards• SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of

early African societies before 1800 CE.

• a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture.

• e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.

• List 5 facts which will help you remember this lesson:

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