Standards

StandardsStandards SSUSH16 The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of WW

I. Element: SSUSH16.a Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States

led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction. Element: SSUSH16.c Identify Henry Ford, mass production, and the automobile. Element: SSUSH16.d Describe the impact of radio, and the movies. Element: SSUSH16.e Describe modern forms of cultural expression, including Louis

Armstrong and the origins of jazz, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, Irving Berlin, and Tin Pan Alley.

The Roaring 20sThe Roaring 20sChapter 20 1919-1929Chapter 20 1919-1929

How did the United States experience both economic growth and social change in the decade after World War I?

A Booming Economy bb

The Automobile Drives Prosperity  Main Idea: A large economic boom in the 1920s was sparked largely by the automobile industry. Henry Ford’s use of mass production and assembly lines lowered car prices and increased the number of Americans who owned cars.

A Bustling Economy

Main Idea: The economic growth of the 1920 impacted both consumers and the stock market.

Cities, Suburbs, and Country

Main Idea: Cities grew in population and size and improved transportation allowed suburbs to expand, but rural areas did not share in this growth.

Continued…

Postwar AdjustmentsPostwar AdjustmentsEconomic

Adjustments◦ Wartime demand

dropped◦ Soldiers faced

unemployment◦ Lower demand◦ Higher cost of living◦ Labor Unrest

increased◦ Discrimination against

blacks

A Booming EconomyA Booming EconomySection 1Section 1

How did the booming economy of the 1920s lead to changes in American life?

Vocabulary: -Henry Ford consumer

revolution -mass production installment buying -Model T bull market -assembly line buying on margin -scientific management

A Consumer EconomyA Consumer Economy

Buying On CreditAge of ElectricityFord and the

AutomobileEffects on the rest

of the economyIndustrial growth

Auto Drives ProsperityAuto Drives ProsperityHenry Ford – assembly line: moving line brought car to the worker, who added parts; reduced production time for a Model T to 90 minutes

Scientific management: process of hiring experts to improve mass production techniques

Ordinary people could afford one

Economic Boom of the 1920sGRAPH

Changes in AmericaChanges in AmericaAuto industry

stimulated other industries related to car manufacture (insurance, steel, glass, rubber, asphalt, wood, gasoline, road construction)

Other forms of transportation declined

Appearance of service stations, diners, motels

Sense of freedom

Suburbs

Consumer RevolutionConsumer RevolutionAdvertisingConsumer credit – installment buying

Bull market, period of rising stock prices

Buying on margin – borrowing money to buy stocks

Cities, Suburbs, and Country

People flock to citiesSuburbs grow, draining people and resources from the cities

Many Americans face hardship; farm incomes declined during the 1920s

Earnings of Agricultural Employees, 1918-1928CHART

New York City SkylineTRANSPARENCY

Population of Selected U.S. Cities, 1910-1930CHART

Reading Skill: Identify Supporting DetailsNOTE TAKING

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The Business of The Business of GovernmentGovernment

Section 2Section 2How did domestic and foreign policy change direction under Harding and Coolidge?

Vocabulary: -Andrew Mellon Herbert Hoover -Calvin Coolidge Teapot Dome

scandal -Washington Naval Disarmament Conference -Kellogg-Briand Pact -Dawes Plan

The Business of Government

The Harding Administration

Main Idea: While in office, Harding reduced regulation of business and turned to others to make decisions, often leading to scandal.

Coolidge Prosperity

Main Idea: Coolidge supported big business, worked to reduce national debt, and oversaw a boom in the nation’s economy. However, he took no action against many social problems occurring at the time.

America’s Role in the World

Main Idea: World War I impacted American foreign policy in the 1920’s, as the government worked with other countries to collect war debts and prevent future wars.

A Republican DecadeA Republican Decade

Warren G. Harding◦ Elected in 1920◦ Scandals◦ Died August 3 1923

Calvin Coolidge◦ Laissez Faire Capitalism

“The business of the American people is business”

◦ Kellogg-Briand PactHerbert Hoover 1928

Harding AdministrationHarding AdministrationAndrew Mellon –

Secretary of the Treasury, advanced business interests

Reduced spending from $18 billion to $3 billion

Raised tariffs, weakening world economy

Herbert Hoover – Secretary of Commerce, sought voluntary advancements between labor and business

Political ScandalsPolitical ScandalsWarren G. Harding

◦ One of the worst Presidents in the history of the U.S.

◦ Advocated anti-lynching laws

◦ allowed Eugene Debs in the White House

◦ Harding’s cabinet was extremely corrupt

Teapot Dome Scandal◦ Worst of the scandals◦ This 1924 cartoon shows

the dimensions of the Teapot Dome scandal

Political Cartoons: The Teapot Dome ScandalANALYZE

Republican Foreign Republican Foreign PolicyPolicy

Harding Isolationism (leads to nativism) Disarmament – reducing the size and

strength of the military Limiting Immigration – Quota for 350,000

people per year to immigrateCoolidge

◦Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928 Aristide Briand and Frank. B. Kellogg

signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris). The treaty outlawed war between France and the United States. The US Senate ratified it in 1929 and over the next few years 62 nations signed a similar agreement committing themselves to peace. Unenforceable

Coolidge ProsperityCoolidge ProsperityReduced the national debtTrimmed the federal budgetLowered taxesBoom economyTroubles brewing: -farmers struggled to keep land -labor unions -Discrimination

Collecting War DebtsCollecting War DebtsU.S. refused to join the World CourtDawes Plan – U.S. make loans to

Germany to pay reparation to Britain and France

Britain and France repay debts to U.S. After crash of 1929, Germany stopped

reparation payments, and Britain and France stopped paying the U.S.

After World War II, the U.S. would be more flexible

Reading Skill: Compare and Contrast NOTE TAKING

A Booming EconomyTRANSPARENCY

The United States in International Affairs, 1920-1929QUICK STUDY

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Social and Cultural Social and Cultural TensionsTensions

Section 3Section 3How did Americans differ on major social and cultural issues?

Vocabulary: -modernism Ku Klux Klan -fundamentalismProhibition -Scopes Trial Volstead

Act -18th AmendmentClarence Darrow -quota system bootlegger

Social and Cultural Tensions

Traditionalism and Modernism Clash  Main Idea: In 1920 a noticeable divide appeared between urban and rural areas in the United States, as modern views spread in cities.

Restricting Immigration

Main Idea: Quota laws were passed limiting the number of immigrants who could enter the United States.

The New Ku Klux Klan

Main Idea: The Ku Klux Klan was revived, showing the anger some felt at the new shape America was taking. In addition to showing hatred to African Americans, it now also targeted Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.

Prohibition and Crime

Main Idea: Americans were divided over the Eighteenth Amendment, which made it illegal to manufacture or sell alcohol anywhere in the country, and many people continued to buy and sell alcohol.

Continued…

Traditionalism and Traditionalism and ModernismModernism

More Americans in urban areasUrban Americans open to social

change and science – modernismRural Americans – more

traditional view of religion, science, and culture

EducationReligious fundamentalism (Bible

as literal truth)Clash over evolution

High School Education, 1900-1930CHART

Science vs. Religion Science vs. Religion DebateDebate

Darwin’s Origin of Species

Biblical CreationJohn T. ScopesACLU – Clarence

Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryant

Arguments?

NativismNativismrefers to a widespread attitude in a

society of a rejection of alien persons or culture

◦Believed immigrants could not be fully loyal to the US

◦Did not like Jews, Catholics, or Orthodox Christians

◦City problems (slums,corruption) were blamed on the immigrants

◦Immigrants meant competition for jobs◦Believed they carried dangerous political

ideas Socialism, Anarchy, etc. Most of them came from very politically unstable

countries

National Origins ActNational Origins Act

Number of immigrants of a given nationality each year could not exceed 2 percent of the number of people of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1890

America had closed its “golden door”

Rising Rising IntoleranceIntolerance

Nationwide Racial Discrimination◦ Yellow Peril◦ African Americans in

the North◦ Anti Semitic business

practices◦ Mexicans

The New Ku Klux Klan◦ White, Protestant,

native born, Americans◦ Hiram Wesley Evans –

Imperial Wizard◦ Over 4 million member

in 1924KKK Violence

ProhibitionProhibition

18th AmendmentVolstead Act –

enforced the amendment

Stills, bootleggers

Organized crimeAl Capone

Political Cartoon: ProhibitionTRANSPARENCY

Reading Skill: ContrastNOTE TAKING

Should a State Ban Teaching of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?COMPARING VIEWPOINT

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A New Mass CultureA New Mass CultureSection 4Section 4

How did the new mass culture reflect technological and social changes?

Vocabulary: -Charlie Chaplin Sigmund Freud -The Jazz Singer “Lost

Generation” -Babe Ruth F. Scott

Fitzgerald -Charles Lindbergh Ernest

Hemingway

A New Mass Culture

New Trends in Popular Culture

Main Idea: With more free time, Americans turned to movies, radio, and the phonograph as entertainment, creating a mass popular culture for the first time.

An Age of Heroes

Main Idea: Newspapers and radios allowed athletes and other figures of the time to become heroes to the American public.

Women Assume New Roles

Main Idea: Women’s roles changed as they were given more social and political opportunities.

Modernism in Art and Literature

Main Idea: After World War I, writers and artists developed new styles and ideas that appeared in their works.

Society in the Society in the 1920s1920s

New Trends in Popular New Trends in Popular CultureCultureMore Leisure

Time -Work week

decreasedMovies -Silent films:

Charlie Chaplin -”Talkies”:

The Jazz SingerRadio,

phonograph

Mass MediaMass MediaNewspapers

◦ Between 1920 and 1930circulation rose from 27.8 million to almost 40 million

Motion Pictures◦ Moviemaking became the 4th

largest business in the country

◦ 1922 40 million viewers per week, 1930, 90 million per week

Radio◦ NBC◦ Medium for the masses◦ United the country…Why?

American American HeroesHeroesLucky LindyAmelia EarhartJack DempseyBabe Ruth and

Lou GehrigGertrude EderleHelen Wills

Reading Skill: SummarizeNOTE TAKING

Reading Skill: SummarizeNOTE TAKING

The Harlem Renaissance

A New “Black Consciousness”

Main Idea: To deal with the racial problems African Americans continued to face, Marcus Garvey started a movement for black nationalism.

The Jazz Age

Main Idea: Jazz, a hybrid of African American and European music forms, originated in the South and spread quickly across the country, becoming a symbol of the twenties.

The Harlem Renaissance

Main Idea: African American writers and artists expressed racial and cultural views, leaving a lasting impact on how all Americans viewed African Americans.

The Flapper and Changes for The Flapper and Changes for WomenWomenStyle

◦ “bobbed” their Hair◦ Wore makeup and

shorter dresses◦ Smoked and drank in

public

Work and Politics◦ Women moved into

office, sales, and professional jobs

◦ Voted in local and national elections

◦ Elected to political office

Charles LindberghCharles LindberghMay 1927, Lindbergh took off from Long Island, New York

Spirit of St. LouisIn 33 hours, he landed in Paris

Lone Eagle

Modernism in Art and Modernism in Art and LiteratureLiteratureAbstract styles in artLiterature: “Lost Generation”

American Postwar NovelistsQUICK STUDY

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The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem RenaissanceSection 5Section 5

How did African Americans express a new sense of hope and pride?

Vocabulary: -Marcus Garvey Claude McKay

-jazz Louis Armstrong -Langston Hughes Bessie Smith -Zora Neale Hurston -Harlem Renaissance

Marcus Garvey and Black Marcus Garvey and Black PridePrideAlternative solutions to

accepting white supremacy“the first man to give

millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny” MLK

Black PridePublished the Negro WorldBlack Eagle Flying CorpsEmpower blacks worldwide

toward economic, religious, psychological, and cultural independence

Believed in racial separatism

The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age

Jazz Clubs Music emerged from New

Orleans ◦ 500 clubs in Harlem

alone◦ Cotton Club, Connie’s

Inn, The Saratoga Club◦ Jelly Roll Morton Band,

Louis Armstrong (Satchmo), Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

African American Literary awakening

Langston HughesZora Neale Hurston

Reading Skill: Identify Main IdeasNOTE TAKING

The Harlem RenaissanceTRANSPARENCY

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