standard precautions for infection control measures by Ahmed elashry

PRECAUTIONS FOR INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES

Done by members of group 18

Topics Chain of infection Standard precautions

Hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

Chain of Infection Agent

↓Reservoir

↓Portal of exit

↓Mode of transmission

↓Portal of entry

↓Susceptible host

Chain of Infection

+

Quantity ofpathogen

Virulence Route of transmission

Sensitivehost

Port

infection control precautions Standard precautions

Basic precautions used to reduce transmission of all infectious agents from one person to another

Should be applied for ALL patients Transmission-based precautions

Contact Droplet Airborne

Standard precautions

Method of infection control that uses 1) work practices, 2) engineering controls, and 3) personal protective equipment (PPE)

to reduce or eliminate exposure to infectious agents.

Standard precautions

1) Work practices• hand hygiene• no eating, drinking in areas with risk of

transmission• no re-capping of used needles

2) Engineering controls• safety devices on sharp medical devices• sharps containers• hand washing facilities

Standard precautions

3) PPE• used as last resort when exposure has not

been eliminated by work practices and engineering controls

• provides protection to skin, clothing, nose, mouth, eyes

• examples: gowns, gloves, goggles, masks

Standard precautions

considers all person potentially infectious applies to all individuals, regardless of

presence/type of symptoms used against exposure to blood, all body

fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, non-intact skin

Standard precautions

hand hygiene infectious waste management sharps safety devices PPE respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

HAND HYGIENE

Hand hygiene Types:-

sinks, soap, paper towels available in convenient locations

alcohol gel in convenient locations for staff

Hand hygiene Wash hands:

before and after client contact after removing gloves and other PPE after contact with contaminated surfaces and

items, specimens, even when gloves are worn before eating or drinking after using restroom after coughing, sneezing, blowing nose

PROCEDURE OF HAND WASHING

By water and soap

INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

Infectious waste management

sharps containers puncture resistant leak-proof, closable labeled with biohazard symbol or red do not overfill

Infectious waste management

biohazard bags for disposal of items with blood, body fluids

that are pourable dripable squeezable flakable

SHARPS SAFETY DEVICES

Sharps safety devices

Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActAvoid the use

of needles where safe alternatives are available

Never shear, break, bend, or recap a needle

Sharps safety devices

Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDispose

needle and sharps in proper container

Never reach into or overfill a sharp container

Sharps safety devices

Needle stick Safety and Prevention ActDirect the

sharp end away from yourself and others

Use safety needles

Sharps safety devices Self-Sheathing

Safety Feature: Sliding needle shields attached to disposable syringes and vacuum tube holders

Sharps safety devices

Add-on Safety Features:Hinged or sliding shields attached to phlebotomy needles, winged steel needles and blood gas needles

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

definition

Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards.

Personal protective equipment is designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears

Personal protective equipment

typesglovesgownsapronsgoggles, face

shieldssurgical/procedure

masksrespirators

Types of PPE Gloves

Different kinds of gloves Housekeeper gloves Clean gloves Sterile glove

Work from clean to dirty

Avoid “touch contamination” Eyes, mouth, nose, surfaces

Change gloves between patients

Types of PPE Gowns

Fully cover torso

Have long sleeves

Fit snuggly at the wrist

Types of PPE Surgical masks

Cotton, paper Protect against body fluids and

large particles

Particulate respirators (N95) Fit testing essential Protect against small droplets and

other airborne particles

Alternative materials (barrier) Tissues, cloth

Masks and Respirators: Barriers and Filtration

Types of PPEParticulate Respirators Three types: disposable, reusable,

powered air purifying respirators

Disposable Particulate Respirators Classified N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100,

P95, P99, P100 Letter indicates oil resistance: N = not

resistant, R = somewhat resistant, P = strongly resistant

Number is percent of airborne particles filtered (e.g. N95 filters 95% of particles)

Types of PPE Boots (non-hospital

settings)Eye Protection

– Face shields– Goggles

Working with Limited Resources

Avoid reuse of disposable PPE items Consider reuse of some disposable items only

as an urgent, temporary solution Reuse only if no obvious soiling or damage

When prioritizing PPE purchase Masks Gloves Eye protection

Standard precautions

Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette cover mouth and nose with tissue when

coughing, sneezing immediately toss tissue wash hands with soap and water or use

alcohol gel have client wear mask if possible barriers for front line staff

Standard precautions

Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette supplies

tissue alcohol gel waste baskets

education posters signs

THANK YOU