STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES - IMPACT Adventureimpactadventure.co.uk/files/SOPDOC_Rev006.pdf · Procedure’ document and are the basis for the Standard Operating Procedures contained

the IMPACT Programme IMPACT Adventure Trust, Gamekeepers Lodge, Ballindalloch, Banffshire AB37 9DR, Scotland, UK

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© IMPACT Adventure Trust

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

(FOR THE PROVISION OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES.)

Prepared by: Graham McCullough (Activities Manager) (2008) Review: Continual

Distribution: All Staff Revision 006

the IMPACT Programme

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CONTENTS

Introduction Definitions Training Philosophy Activity Specific Standard Operating Procedures

• Rock Climbing

• Abseiling

• Indoor Climbing

• Bouldering

• Hill walking (summer)

• Hill walking (winter)

• Scrambling

• Expedition camping (wild)

• Expedition camping (managed)

• Gorge walking (canyoning)

• Sea level traversing (coasteering)

• Orienteering

• Off road cycling

• Problem solving activities (initiative exercises)

• Kayaking o Inland o Sea

• Open Canoeing

• Open Canoeing Rafting

Outdoor Specific Health Risks


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INTRODUCTION These procedures form an integral part of the IMPACT Adventure Health and Safety Policy and the fulfilling of our duty of care to our clients and staff. The Activities manager is responsible for ensuring that these Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's) are; read, understood and applied, by the appropriate Outdoor Education Practitioners, Competent Seconds, Associate Staff and any Support Staff, who may be required to assist with the running of the programmes. The application of the Operating Procedures OP's should ensure;

• A high level of professional practice, common to all staff. • That the level at which each activity is set is within the ability of those

participating and that of staff to control safely. • Safety techniques and methods are known to, and practised by, all members

of staff involved with training. In conjunction with the conditions of the company’s Adventure Activities Licence, the procedures and guidelines contained herein are to be regarded as the minimum requirements for sessions to run safely and smoothly. Nothing in these procedures prevents the Lead Outdoor Education Practitioner present from stopping any activities that are considered to be unsafe. These procedures cannot dictate for every eventuality. All staff are expected to use their experience and professional judgement at all times. All OEP’s have a responsibility to abide by all national legislation regarding the provision of outdoor activities including access and rights of way codes and practices


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DEFINITIONS

• Client – Anyone who is being led on an activity for any reason. (It is assumed that they have little or no technical competence in relation to that activity and or they require supervision to ensure their safe participation).

• Lead Outdoor Education Practitioner (LOEP) – The member of IMPACT Adventure staff who has been deemed competent, or who is qualified to ensure the safety of all those taking part in the chosen activity.

• Outdoor Education Practitioner (OEP) – Any other qualified member of staff assisting with the provision of an activity.

• Associate Staff – Part-time or freelance members of staff who may act as Lead Outdoor Education Practitioner or as a Competent Second.

• Competent Second (CS) – Any member of staff who, while they may not hold the appropriate national governing body award for a particular activity, have been trained and assessed as competent to act as an assistant or ‘second’ to the Lead Outdoor Education Practitioner.

• Support Staff – Any member of staff who is taking part in the activity in a capacity other than that of an Outdoor Practitioner, (they are not qualified to lead the activity or to act as a second).

• Activity – For the purposes of this document, activity refers to any ‘adventurous activity’;

o as listed on the company’s AALA license. o as defined as such by the Activities Manager. o as widely recognised as such by the outdoor education industry. o as stated by an appropriate technical advisor.

An ‘adventurous activity’ in this context is one which: o generally takes place in a ‘natural’ outdoor environment - although it

may be mimicked artificially and/or indoors o involves a deliberate element of ‘risk’, ‘challenge’ or ‘adventure’; o requires special skills for its safe management.

Risk Assessments - The ‘activity specific risk assessments’ are contained within the‘IMPACT Adventure Activity Risk Assessment and Management Policy and Procedure’ document and are the basis for the Standard Operating Procedures contained herein.

• The ‘SOP’s’ are based in part on the control measures identified during the risk assessment procedure.

• It is essential that any member of staff involved in delivery or taking part in an activity reads and understands the SOP’s and risk assessments.


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Ratios - In the following document, each activity will give the maximum Practitioner: Client, ratios. In addition to this, given the nature of working with young people with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) there will always be a LOEP and at least one other member of staff with any client as a matter of course.

• The quoted ratios can only be reduced or amended by the Activities Manager.

• The ratios quoted include details of any qualifications necessary. Induction - All Outdoor Education Practitioners and Competent Seconds will be given an induction during which they will gain an understanding of the company’s activity risk assessment policies and standard operating procedures. (This induction will be given in addition to the company’s standard induction process).

• This procedure is to be recorded in the individual’s personal record and Staff Outdoor Qualification Matrix.

Qualifications required for the delivery of activities - The minimum qualification required for the activity to take place is detailed within this document. This must be in line with the appropriate National Governing Body guidelines. The competence and integrity of the Outdoor Education Practitioners is probably the single most important factor for assuring safety and good practice. Competence in this is vitally important and should be seen as a mix of experience, certification (qualifications) and the ability to work with people.

• For activities with no obvious qualification path, such as Gorge-walking or Sea level traversing, advice must be sought from the Activities Manager, who may in turn seek the advice of the appropriate Technical Advisor.

• The Technical Advisors will be consulted on any site specific activity issues but also for advice and or to deliver on in house training (this consultation should be carried out by the Activities Manager).

• The Activities Manager holds a list of the required qualifications needed to lead or to second each activity.

• The Activities Manager of holds a copy the Staff Outdoor Qualification Matrix. This shows the qualifications each member of staff holds.

• No exceptions will be made to the required qualifications for each activity. This will ensure parity of delivery and the safety of our clients and staff.


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Technical Advisors - Generally, a technical advisor would be someone who:

• Is sufficiently experienced and mature to make necessary judgments.

• Has an appropriately high level of technical skill (usually determined by the relevant NGB).

• Has a good knowledge of the organization, its management, activity leaders etc.

• Is up to date on modern trends, equipment and practices. The role of technical advisors, when required, is to:

• Advise the provider about nationally accepted standards and codes of good practice.

• Advise or help the provider to meet these standards.

• Help the provider to decide if staff are sufficiently skilled and trained to operate at these standards.

Monitoring – It is not appropriate to leave staff entirely to their own devices. Some periodic follow up, even of experienced and/or well qualified people will take place. This will fulfill a number or roles;

• Identify training needs.

• Continual observance of industry best practice.

• A vital component of the individuals continuing professional development.

• Ensuring that company practices are being adhered to. Provider

• IMPACT Adventure facilitated by the Activities Manager.

• An external body that has been assessed as suitable by the LOEP and ratified by the Activities Manager.


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TRAINING PHILOSOPHY The outdoor environment is our greatest resource. The activities we utilise are to enable our clients to explore this environment and to have a valuable, enjoyable and sustainable learning experience. This can take the form of curricular study or personal and social development. The provision of Outdoor Education at IMPACT Adventure may take many forms and be delivered by a large number of individuals over time, the following principals, however, should remain at the forefront of our efforts. The Primacy of Self-Discover - Learning is most effective with emotion, challenge and the requisite support. People discover their abilities, values, passions, and responsibilities in situations that offer adventure and the unexpected. During each course young people undertake tasks that require perseverance, fitness, craftsmanship, imagination, self-discipline, and significant achievement. Our primary task is to help individuals overcome their fears and discover their potential. Inspiration - Our courses are designed to foster curiosity about the world by creating learning situations that provide something important to think about, time to experiment, and time to make sense of what is observed. The Responsibility for Learning - Learning is both a personal process of discovery and a social activity. Everyone learns both individually and collaboratively. Every aspect of our courses encourages each young person to become increasingly responsible for directing their own personal and collective learning. Empathy and Caring - Learning is fostered best in communities where the whole teams’ ideas are respected and where there is mutual trust. Learning groups are small on our courses, with an Educational Practitioner looking after the progress and acting as an advocate for each child. Older students mentor younger ones, and each young person feels physically and emotionally safe. Success and Failure - Everyone needs to be successful if they are to build the confidence and capacity to take risks and meet increasingly difficult challenges. However, it is equally important for individuals to learn from their failures, to persevere when things are hard, and to learn to turn those failures into opportunities. Collaboration and Competition - Individual development and group development are integrated so that the value of friendship, trust, and group action is clear. Each young person is encouraged to compete not against others but with their own personal best and with rigorous standards of excellence. Diversity and Inclusion - Both diversity and inclusion increase the richness of ideas, creative power, problem solving ability, and respect for others. On each course, the young people investigate and value their different histories and talents as well as those of other communities and cultures. Our courses and learning groups are heterogeneous.


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The Natural World (Sustainability) - A direct and respectful relationship with the natural world refreshes the human spirit and teaches the important ideas of recurring cycles and cause and effect. Each young person learns to become a steward of the earth for future generations. Solitude and Reflection - Our Educational Practitioners and young people alike need time alone to explore their own thoughts, make their own connections, and create their own ideas. They also need time to exchange their reflections with others. Service and Compassion - Everyone can be strengthened by acts of consequential service to others, and one of our courses main aims is to prepare students with the attitudes and skills to learn from and be of service to others. To facilitate these principals, staff must make every effort to:

• Create a safe and supportive learning environment. • Base their delivery on success orientated goals. • Skilfully manage sessions to ensure they encourage constructive social

interaction.

• Establish the pattern of learning with young people. • Focus on the development of personal and social skills. • Maximise individual development through constructive social interaction, and

personally set goals deliver a sequential programme. • Ensure that young people have examined their learning. • Develop strategies with young people for transferring their learning. • Challenge behaviour and opinions. • Ensure that young people recognise their potential to be fully accountable for

their own actions and behaviour and self directed in their pursuit of personal goals.

The aims and objectives of any training, courses, sessions or educational input will, in the first instance, be decided by the LOEP or other relevant staff but must be agreed with the client/s involved. Reviews should be carried out in relation to all activities and any points raised should be actioned as appropriate.


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ACTIVITY SPECIFIC STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES The following activities are;

• Those activities which are licensable under the Adventurous Activities Licensing Authority legislation.

• Those activities which are not licensable under the Adventurous Activities Licensing Authority legislation, but which the Activities Manager has deemed will come under one of the following definitions and as such, will benefit from having a defined standard operating procedure;

o are widely recognised as adventurous in nature (see under ‘Definitions’) by the outdoor education industry.

o as stated by an appropriate technical advisor. o generally takes place in a ‘natural’ outdoor environment - although it

may be mimicked artificially and/or indoors o involves a deliberate element of ‘risk’, ‘challenge’ or ‘adventure’; o requires special skills for its safe management.

It is imperative that these operating procedures are adhered to by all staff as they form an integral part of the company’s robust safety management system. Ratios;

• If an activity is to be provided at an external provider, it would be acceptable for the LOEP to judge whether they, in conjunction with the external provider’s staff, could provide adequate and appropriate supervision. Where this is acceptable it must be detailed as such on the client specific risk assessment, if not the LOEP must ensure they operate under the set ratios.


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Activities Rock Climbing Abseiling Indoor Climbing Bouldering Hill walking (summer) Hill walking (winter) Scrambling Expedition camping (wild) Expedition camping (managed) Gorge walking (canyoning) Sea level traversing (coasteering) Orienteering Off road cycling Problem solving activities (initiative exercises) Kayaking

• Inland • Sea

Open Canoeing Open Canoeing Rafting Outdoor Specific Health Risks


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Rock Climbing Climbing, both roped and solo; single pitch lead climbing and top roping, on rocks, crags, sea cliffs and quarries designated for climbing.

• Training Philosophies should be adhered to at all times. • Helmets must be worn by all group members when climbing and belaying,

however, if any of the group are unable to wear a helmet because of religious beliefs (e.g. they wear a turban) it is acceptable for that group member to participate as long as the following procedures are followed:

o All the potential risks have been explained to them and they have signed a disclaimer to this effect.

o If under 16 then they must have the disclaimer signed by their parent or guardian.

o A full risk assessment is made and any extra measures needed are recorded. Care must be taken in the selection of crags to minimise the danger.

• The group should not be allowed near the edge of the top of crags un-roped. • The group should be briefed on the dangers of the climbing venue and falling

stones. • The decision on whether young people belay one another is at the Lead

Outdoor Education Practitioner’s discretion and will depend on the nature of the group and the aims of the session.

• The group should be shown the appropriate ascent and descent routes. • Bouldering sessions should be well structured and in appropriate locations. • All access regulations particular to a location must be observed. The Lead

Outdoor Education Practitioner should apply any additional regulations as he/she deems appropriate.

• Young people should be briefed by the Outdoor Education Practitioners on behaviour, safety and etiquette.

• The groups Outdoor Education Practitioners should ensure that the following are in good condition, the correct size and adjusted appropriately; climbing harnesses, helmets and boots (if worn).

• If the activity is to take place in a mountain or hill environment a current weather forecast should be obtained and a route plan left at base. Tidal information should be obtained if relevant.

• A thorough warm-up should be undertaken before any activity takes place.


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Belaying

• A recognised friction device must be used. • Waist belaying is not acceptable, and neither is a Figure 8 Descendeur as it is

generally sold as an abseil device and therefore under CE & PPE regulations it should only be used for that specific purpose. OEP’s must familiarise themselves with design & uses of belay devices before usage.

• When belaying, participants must have a back up and be directly supervised. • When belaying from the top of a climb, Outdoor Education Practitioners must

ensure that both the top and bottom of the climb is supervised. • Outdoor Education Practitioners tied into a belay must employ a system,

which allows them to free themselves while under load, and they must have practised this procedure.

• Outdoor Education Practitioners must familiarise themselves with rescue techniques for dealing with typical belaying problems; participants “freezing”, ropes snagging, etc.

Bouldering

• Whilst bouldering, group members must be equipped with helmets and closely supervised.

• A system of ‘spotting’ must be employed during the session. An acceptable “height above ground” restriction should be imposed taking into consideration venue, height of participants and spotters.

Climbing Walls

• When using a climbing wall the same rules as Rock Climbing applies. The exception is the use of in situ ropes and climbing equipment that does not belong to IMPACT Adventure. This may be used as it is regarded that a climbing wall will be using appropriate CE marked equipment.

• Helmets are at the desecration on the LOEP, although the rules of the climbing wall must be followed.

Abseiling Descending a fixed rope (or ropes) in the manner usually associated with mountaineering for a distance of no more than 50m. This activity can take place on rocks, crags, sea cliffs, quarries and suitable structures (e.g. bridges, viaducts, buildings).

• This activity should be seen as an extension of Rock Climbing as it is rare to partake in abseiling as a stand alone activity.

• The group should be shown the route to the top of the abseil.


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• Items likely to snag in a descender e.g. hair, draw cords, clothing, must be checked and secured.

• The abseil rope must be of a 'static' (pre-stretched) type. The abseil rope must be tied off in a manner which allows its release whilst under load which should enable an abseiler to be released onto the safety rope in an emergency.

• A safety rope must be used. • The belayer must be secured to an independent rope system, separate from

those of the abseil rope. However there may be times when the only option is to share the same anchors. If this is the case then they should be ‘bomb proof’ and ‘in-line’ or equalised with each rope fastened to the anchors independently of each other.

• A climbing rope of sufficient length must be on hand for emergency use, this could be a rope that is being used during the session for another climb but could be used if an emergency arose.

• Clients will not normally belay for an abseil. However, if clients are belaying (on a "follow on" or set exercise for example), an LOEP must check the harness, descender etc. of abseiler, before each descent and supervise descents directly.


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General

• OEP’s may use their own harnesses if they wish but these must adhere to the appropriate UIAA standard.

• Pitches must not exceed 30m. • No one is permitted to smoke whilst in close proximity to climbing equipment. • The decision as to whether conditions (elements etc.) are suitable for climbing

is that of the LOEP in charge of the activity. In case of doubt do not climb. • OEP’s must not "solo" on the rock face, during a climbing session, unless it

essential that they do so. • Single rope UIAA approved must be used for climbing.

Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list).

• First aid kit • Signed consent forms and emergency contact information. • Flask or means of making a hot drink • Emergency rations • Pencil/paper • Bivvy bag • KISU • Knife • Sleeping bag or spare warm clothing. • Spare whistle, torch, relevant map, and compass • Mobile phone

Minimum qualification for staff;

• Single Pitch Award (SPA). • Summer ML (if the activity is to take place in a mountain environment). • MIA if multi pitch, leading is to be taught or a tidal location is used.

Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager).

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) • 2:6 (Indoor 1x LOEP and 1XMember of IMPACT Adventure Staff)

Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations that fallwithin their remit as set by the national governing body.


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Hill walking (summer) Walking in any area, at any height above sea level, which is more than 30 minutes travelling time (on foot) from an accessible refuge serviced by a permanent telephone.

• A dynamic risk assessment for each walk or expedition should be on going throughout the activity and will take into account: weather, nature of group, aims of session, terrain to be covered, time of year, medical conditions, etc.

• Obtain weather forecast • Safety procedures should be understood by all group members. • Clothing and equipment to be checked • Route card to be left with responsible person at base • All Group members should have extra adequate warm clothing food & water. • When there is a possibility of walking in the dark e.g. hill walks in winter, one

torch should be carried between two people. • Appropriate footwear must be worn. • A rope (minimum 30m of 9mm) must be carried on a mountain day if it is

identified as necessary in the risk assessment. • The LOEP is responsible for ensuring groups are equipped and briefed to

cope with obstacles met on route (i.e. river crossings, short pitches). Hill walking (winter) Walking in any area, at any height above sea level, which is more than 30 minutes travelling time (on foot), from an accessible refuge serviced by a permanent telephone. Where the use of winter mountaineering techniques will be required, as defined by MLTUK.

• Any intended route should be familiar to the LOEP prior to the activity taking place.

• Clients should be advised to dress for winter conditions and to take a complete change of clothing to the activity.

• Clients should be briefed by the LOEP on behaviour, safety and etiquette. • The OEP’s should ensure that the following are in good condition, the correct

size and adjusted appropriately; boots, gaiters, waterproof anorak, and waterproof trousers.

• A current weather forecast should be obtained and a route plan left at base • If suitable snow and ice conditions prevail, instruction in the use of ice axe

and crampons should be included. Scrambling Scrambling is defined as movement over rocky terrain, not graded as a ‘rock climb’, requiring the use of hands as well as feet, where safety requires either the use of specialist equipment or the skills or techniques of a rock or ice-climber and where injury would occur should the individual fall.

• Any activity which is known to involve scrambling must be cleared by the Activities Manager prior to it taking place.

• Scrambling as an activity must only be carried out by the appropriately qualified staff.


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General

• Each group member has sufficient clothing for the conditions and for the duration of the trip.

• Each group member has sufficient food for the duration of the trip and some extra for use in an emergency.

• There are sufficient cooking appliances (and fuel) to ensure the whole group can have hot food at the same time when necessary.

• In the event that staff are confronted with a situation where they are with a group (above 600m and/or more than 30 minutes travelling time from a road or refuge), in unforeseen winter conditions, and the LOEP is not properly qualified and the group not equipped for such conditions the he/she must take the appropriate action to move the group to a level below 600m and within 30 minutes of a road or refuge, as quickly and as safely as possible. Only when this has been achieved with no further incident, can the group be allowed to continue with any other activity or alternative route.

• When a programme is designed to specifically take in winter conditions then prior permission must be gained from the Activities Manager.


• First aid kit • Signed consent forms and emergency contact information. • Flask or means of making a hot drink • Emergency rations • Pencil/paper • Bivvy bag • KISU • Knife • Sleeping bag or spare warm clothing. • Spare whistle, torch, relevant map, and compass • Mobile phone • In addition to any equipment deemed appropriate by the LOEP, participants

should be encouraged to take; spare clothing, suitable for the prevailing and expected weather conditions, sufficient suitable food for the trip, a flask with a hot drink.

• For winter walking sufficient snow shovels and avalanche probes should be carried.

• During the winter months all members of the party should carry a headtoch and spare batteries.


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Minimum qualification for staff; Summer

• Any trekking terrain: Summer ML • Scrambling: (Unless otherwise agreed by the Activities Manager) - MIA

Winter

• Below 600m (no snow or ice): Summer ML. • Below 600m (with snow or ice): Summer ML with Winter ML training. • Above 600 m (with snow or ice): Winter ML. • Any winter climbing (snow or ice routes): MIC

Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Summer

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Winter • 2:4 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP (Summer Mountain Leader))

Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body.


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Expedition camping (wild) Any campsite which does not meet the definition of a managed campsite and which may be located in remote country at any height above sea level, which is more than 30 minutes travelling time (on foot) from an accessible refuge serviced by a permanent telephone.

• At each wilderness campsite, identify a toilet zone and ensure that all evidence of toilet waste is taken with you. (In some areas of the Cairngorm National Park all toilet matter must be carried out. Appropriate equipment to achieve this is supplied free at the ranger station.)

• At each campsite, identify separate areas for washing and collection of drinking water so as to eliminate the risk of contamination.

• As far as possible ensure that all group members carry out proper ablutions. • Ensure that no foodstuffs are left lying around after cooking and that

perishables are suitably stored. All waste must be bagged and taken to a suitably disposal point. Ensure that young people are aware of the location of staff tents/bivouacs. Ensure that all group members are aware of the actions to take in the event of a fire.

• Ensure that equipment suitable for extinguishing a fire is readily available, i.e.; water supply, towel or similar that can be wet, earth, etc.

• At no time should group members be allowed to smoke or use any equipment that may cause risk of fire inside or near tents.

• The lighting of campfires should only be allowed where the landowner permits, if there is no risk of fire spreading and if the area on which the fire is set can be reasonably protected from permanent damage.

Expedition camping (managed) Any campsite which is owned and operated by a third party.

• Ensure that the campsite is suitable for the client group. • Ensure that sufficient controls are in place when managing interaction with

other users. General When appropriate ensure that any other relevant SOP’s are being adhered to.


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Minimum qualification for staff; Summer (wild camp (remote))

• Any trekking terrain: Summer ML • Scrambling: (Unless otherwise agreed by the Activities Manager) – MIA

Summer (wild camp (non remote))

• BELA Summer (managed campsite)

• No formal qualification (check with Activities Manager) Winter (wild camp (remote))

• Below 600m (no snow or ice): Summer ML. • Below 600m (with snow or ice): Summer ML with Winter ML training. • Above 600 m (with snow or ice): Winter ML. • Any winter climbing (snow or ice routes): MIC

Winter (wild camp (non remote))

• Summer ML • Winter ML (if snowholeing)

Winter (managed campsite)

• No formal qualification (check with Activities Manager) Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Summer • 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Winter • 2:4 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP) Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body.


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Gorge walking (canyoning) Ascending (or descending) a water course (e.g. stream, burn, river, gorge) with or without the use of ropes.

• Gorge walks should be classified according to the following matrix. o Dry - Non-technical o Dry – Technical o Wet - Non-technical o Wet – Technical

• The term WET covers those gorges that feature either strong currents or deep water that may require swimming skills.

• The term TECHNICAL covers those gorge walks that require rope use. The classification must be clearly stated on the Risk Assessment.

• All gorge walks must have been risk assessed prior to visiting with clients, and OEP’s should ask the Activities Manager to complete a second assessment before any activity takes place at that location.

• Helmets must be worn • Buoyancy aids must be worn for all gorges and the LOEP should be aware of

the swimming ability of the group. • Assume nothing is permanent in a gorge; always reassess previously used

routes, trees, etc, as if you were seeing them for the first time. • Once clients are wet be aware of the possibility of hypothermia. • All access regulations particular to a location must be observed. The LOEP

should apply any additional regulations as he/she deems appropriate. • Clients should be briefed by the LOEP on behaviour, safety and etiquette. • The LOEP will decide on the equipment to be used based on his/her

assessment of the level of difficulty likely to be encountered. • The LOEP should ensure that the following (if worn) are in good condition, the

correct size and adjusted appropriately; climbing harnesses, helmets and boots.

• A current weather forecast should be obtained and a route plan left at base. • A successful and (as far as is desirable) safe gorge walk is largely a matter of

good judgement on the part of the group leader; the need for the use of the rope on any given section particularly depending on the experience and skills of that leader. Suffice to say that the LOEP should be satisfied that the potential for a long slide, fall, or soaking can be minimised.

• In addition to any technical equipment deemed appropriate by the LOEP. Clients members should be encouraged to wear flexible clothing, suitable for the prevailing and expected weather conditions.

Water levels can dramatically alter the seriousness of a gorge; if in doubt you must not continue the activity at that location.

Buoyancy aids and helmets must be worn on the approach to any site where the risk of a slip trip or fall is such that their use is warranted.

When entering the water from height the brace position must be adopted. There is no other acceptable method of entering the water.


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• The clothing of all group members must be checked for suitability. • Staff must be aware of all exits from the gorge and of the procedure for

evacuation. If evacuation requires the use of ropes all members of staff must have practised the procedure. The length of time that evacuation will take must be one of the considerations governing whether the site should be used or not.

• Additional equipment such as ropes, karabiners, slings, etc., must be carried where there is a possibility that they might be needed.

• An appropriate lifesaving award, such as the White Water Safety and Rescue Award, is highly recommended if wet gorges are to be attempted.

• Each OEP must carry a throw line. Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list).


Minimum qualifications of staff; Dry (Non Technical)

• ML (if in a remote area) and CST / Bronze Medallion / White Water Safety and Rescue Award or BRAWA Level 2

Dry (Technical) • ML (if in a remote area) SPA and CST / Bronze Medallion / White Water

Safety and Rescue Award or BRAWA Level 2 Wet (Non Technical)

• ML (if in a remote area) and White Water Safety and Rescue Award or BRAWA Level 2

Wet (Technical) • ML (if in a remote area) SPA and White Water Safety and Rescue Award or

BRAWA Level 2 Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Non Technical

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Technical

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP)


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Sea level Traversing (Coasteering) Traversing a rocky coast line that may require the use of ropes.

• The clothing of all group members must be checked for suitability. • OEP’s must be aware of all exits from the sea cliff and of the procedure for

evacuation. If evacuation requires the use of ropes all members of staff must have practised the procedure. The length of time the evacuation will take, along with sea state, tidal conditions and weather, must all be considered in deciding whether the site should be used.

• Additional equipment such as ropes, karabiners, slings, etc., must be carried where there is a possibility that they might be needed.

• The Lead Tutor of the activity must have checked and recorded the tide times and surge information and considered the effects of the expected tidal conditions on the activity.

• Emergency signalling devices must be carried by a member of staff. • A throw-line must be carried by each OEP. • Be constantly aware of tides and check high/low tide before embarking on

traverse. • Buoyancy aids and helmets must be worn on al approaches and during the

activity. • The LOEP should be aware of the swimming ability of the group. • Once clients are wet be aware of the possibility of hypothermia. • All access regulations particular to a location must be observed. The LOEP

should apply any additional regulations as he/she deems appropriate. • Participants should be briefed by the LOEP on behaviour, safety and

etiquette. • The LOEP will decide on the equipment to be used based on his/her

assessment of the level of difficulty likely to be encountered. • The LOEP should ensure that the following (if worn) are in good condition, the

correct size and adjusted appropriately; climbing harnesses, helmets and boots.

• A current weather forecast and tide prediction should be obtained and a route plan left at base.

• A successful and (as far as is desirable) safe traverse is largely a matter of good judgement on the part of the LOEP; the need for the use of the rope on any given section particularly depending on the experience and skills of that LOEP. Suffice to say that the LOEP should be satisfied that the potential of a fall, or soaking can be minimised.

• In addition to any technical equipment deemed appropriate by the LOEP, participants should be encouraged to wear flexible clothing, suitable for the prevailing and expected weather conditions.

• All potential sites must have been risk assessed prior to visiting with clients, and OEP’s should ask the Activities Manager to complete a second assessment before any activity takes place at that location.


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Minimum qualifications of staff;

• ML (if in a remote area) SPA and CST / Beach Life Guard / Surf Life Guard / White Water Safety and Rescue Award or BAWA Level 2

Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager).

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP)


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Orienteering A competitive sport using a map and possibly a compass to find specific locations (controls) normally within wooded areas, parks, moor land etc. Clients operate either individually or in pairs with and without the direct supervision of a staff member. Accessis normally negotiated beforehand.

• Aims of the activity must be explained to participants. • Map reading skills may have to be taught, e.g. Indoors and/or on a

'walkabout'. • Explanation needed of controls, punches etc. • Safety briefing needed on boundaries, recall system, local hazards, cut-off

time. • A final meeting point and time must be established at the beginning of each • session. • Boundaries must be clearly established at the beginning of each session. • Potential hazards must be identified for participants. • Participants should be advised to wear clothing that covers their arms and

legs. • If participants are split into groups, each group must be issued with a whistle

and briefed as to when it is appropriate to use it. • Staff must be deployed effectively to monitor progress, offer advice and to

supervise indirectly or directly. • Where practical, a safe escape strategy should be established to enable

participants who are lost to return to a meeting place. E.g. walk down hill until you reach the road and turn left.

• When orienteering in a remote area or at night group size must be a minimum of three participants.

• Where practical, a means of signalling the end of the activity and/or recalling participants should be established, before the start of each session.

• Clothing should be suitable for the weather and the time of year but should ideally be full body cover, even if it is hot.

• Appropriate footwear should be worn. • A compass is optional and novices are probably better off without one on the

first few days. Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list).



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Minimum qualifications of staff;

• ML (if in a remote area) • WGL • BOF Instructor • Assessed Competent by Activities Manager

Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Remote

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) On Site

• 2:6 (1xAssessed Competent by Activities Manager and 1xCompetent Second)


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Off Road Cycling Cycling over a wide variety of terrain, this may be described as, mainly “off-road”. Routes may include: roads, paths, canal towpaths, forest tracks, mountain passes.

• Participants must wear a properly fitted British Standards approved helmet at all times, and must be strongly recommended to wear gloves and eye protection whilst cycling.

• All participants must be suitably clothed for the prevailing and expected conditions.

• All participants must be fully briefed as to the Highway Code for cyclists and dangers of cycling in a group.

• OEP’s must be aware of location of all participants at all times, ideally within shouting distance and within sight.

• No cycling can take place after dark unless a special authorisation has been obtained from the Activities Manager.

• An appropriate repair kit must be carried. • All cycles must be in good repair, daily checks must be made on each cycle

prior to use. • In addition, brakes and quick release wheels must always be checked, prior to

riding, after bicycles have been left unattended. • OEP’s must complete a suitable warm up including skills session with all

clients. This must include use of gears, normal braking and emergency stops. Terrain Definitions Easy Cycle Tracks

• prepared and even surfaces • the leaders can generally ride alongside any group member • signposts and/or no route finding problems • very little gradient • no "technical" riding • bike breakdown does not cause any hardship to the group • easy access for regular emergency services • summer conditions

Moderate Cycle Tracks

• public highways way marked routes • rights-of-way on which cycles are permitted • identifiable routes, tracks and trails with obvious navigational features and low

to medium technical riding difficulty • routes will be at least 90 – 95% rideable and take the group no more than 30

minutes travelling time (on foot) from an accessible refuge serviced by a permanent telephone.

Cycle Touring (mainly on roads) or dedicated road cycling is not covered here. Separate advice should be sought from the Activities Manager.


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Difficult Cycle Tracks/Routes

• routes can be of a high technical difficulty but will be rideable along the majority of their length.

• the route may be of any height above sea level and be more than 30 minutes walk from help.

Other Tracks/Routes It should be recognised that there are levels of difficulty beyond difficult tracks as defined in this document. These may include very steep sections, rocky descents, areas where a fall may have serious consequences, bends taken at speed, serious jumps, and narrow paths in difficult terrain, among others. The group leader must make sure that s/he is fully aware of such sections on any trip and take care to avoid or walk past them unless specific approval is held to tackle them. The leader who wishes to venture into such areas should make out the case for approval. This should include at least a Mountain Bike Leader Award and considerable further experience at the level of the planned activity. Winter Conditions The above guidelines refer to summer conditions. Winter conditions will be deemed to exist when freezing conditions or snow is either prevalent or forecast. If winter conditions exist appropriately experienced leaders, after due authorisation, may be allowed to proceed. Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list).

• First aid kit • Signed consent forms and emergency contact information. • Flask or means of making a hot drink • Emergency rations • Pencil/paper • Bivvy bag • KISU • Knife • Sleeping bag or spare warm clothing. • Spare whistle, torch, relevant map, and compass • Mobile phone • An appropriate bicycle repair kit


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Minimum qualification for staff; Easy

• TCL training or Local Accreditation Moderate

• TCL award (and Summer ML in remote area) Difficult

• MTBL award (and Summer ML in remote area) Winter

• As above and Winter ML Other

• See Activities Manager Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Easy

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Moderate

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xTCL Trained) Difficult

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xTCL) Other

• See Activities Manager Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations

that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body.


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Problem Solving activities (Initiative Exercises) Specifically, the use of apparatus to practise problem solving, teamwork, or dynamics etc.

• Correct manual handling skills must be employed by staff and clients to minimise back injuries.

• An appropriate briefing should be given to the clients for each exercise detailing any specific operating procedures/risks.

• Many initiative exercises have potential for trapped fingers – where appropriate this should be emphasized to clients.

• If any height is involved or the chance of something falling then helmets must be worn.

• If the exercise is in water then buoyancy aids and helmets must be worn. • Any initiative exercises that may utilise a national governing body award then

it must have an appropriate qualified OEP. • All OEP’s should be continually dynamically risk assessing all exercises. • Participants should be advised of the general nature of the problems to be

encountered and advised to dress accordingly. • There should be a general client briefing to focus on OEP/ Client

expectations, i.e. co-operation, presenting ideas, listening skills, discussion and perseverance.

Delivery of activity

• A logical progression of problems should be planned according to the age and experience of the client group starting with an easy 'ice breaker' and progressing to more demanding tasks.

• A variety of types of skills should be incorporated, i.e. physical, mental, developing or consequential.

• Debrief time should be included in the schedule for a personal and team appraisal at the conclusion of each problem to assess progress in achieving the expectations outlined above.

• The activity should end with a plenary session to facilitate an overall review. Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list).


In addition to any equipment deemed appropriate by the LOEP, participants should be encouraged to wear flexible clothing, suitable for the prevailing and expected weather conditions.


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Minimum qualification for staff; On site

• Assessed as competent by Activities Manager Off Site

• The appropriate NGB award for the location Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager).

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second)

Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body


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Kayaking The use of kayak on loch (small and large), canal, rivers, sea and surf. This craft is generally propelled by a double bladed paddle.

• OEP’s must be aware of the swimming abilities of the group and should decide on the choice of venues accordingly.

• Buoyancy aids and helmets must be worn at all times on the water. • Buoyancy aids must meet with the appropriate standards (BS EN 393, 50

Newton minimum) • No unsupervised paddling can be allowed. • OEP’s must have knowledge of the area/water to be used, and the skills to

deal with any situation that could reasonably be anticipated. • Expected weather/tidal conditions must to be checked and recorded. • The Canoeist Code of Conduct must be followed. • Spraydecks should be only used once training in their use has been given. • OEP’s must have at least one instantly accessible tow line/method of towing

and a release system. • Suitable spare clothes (e.g. thermals) must be readily available. • A sharp knife must be carried by each OEP. • All of the group should be thoroughly briefed about

o the aims and objectives of the session o the equipment to provide for themselves o the equipment that will/may be provided for them o how to use the equipment o any hazards to be encountered during the session o group conduct at all times including breaks

Areas for Kayaking Definitions Inland

• Sheltered inland water - canals, small lochs, suitable sections of larger lochs, very slow moving rivers.

• Moderate water - rivers up to Grade II, large lochs • Large Inland Waters - lakes, lochs and other large bodies of inland water

(non-tidal) that are more than 100 m wide at any point along their length. • Advanced water - rivers above Grade II:

Sea • Sheltered Waters - where a session takes place on sheltered tidal waters (e.g.

sea lochs, estuaries, natural harbours) that are less that 100 m wide and where there is easy egress at all points and at all times and there is a minimal risk of being blown offshore.

• Moderate sea - close inshore to coast lines where there is an easy landing, and not involving tide races or overfalls.

• Coastal Kayaking - where the session includes a trip along an open coast line, or takes place on other tidal waters that are more than 100 m wide, but is within 50 m of the shore and where easy egress is not restricted by fast flowing currents, rocks or cliffs at any point.

• Open Sea Kayaking - Any session on the sea that would place the participants more than 50 m from a point at which easy egress would be possible. Open sea kayaking is regarded as an "advanced" activity and must be confirmed with the Activities Manager before going on such trip.


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Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list). This equipment must be in waterproof containers


Additional Equipment Kayaking inland

• spare paddles (splits) • a repair kit • Flares; minimum of 1 smoke (red) and 1 strobe. • relevant charts/maps • a compass • Containers for carrying spare gear, B.D.H., aquasacs etc.These must be

distributed amongst the OEP’s. The LOEP should add to this list whatever is considered necessary for the trip undertaken.

• Spraydecks must be worn, if there is any possibility that the group will be more than 50 m away from a safe point of egress.

Kayaking on the sea • spare paddles (splits) • a repair kit • Flares; minimum of 1 parachute (red), 1 hand held (red), 1 smoke. Coast

guards recommend the use of a waterproof strobe light as a longer lasting addition to a hand held flare.

• relevant charts/maps • compass and spare • Containers for carrying spare gear, B.D.H., aquasacs, etc.These must be

distributed amongst the OEPS’s. The LOEP should add to this list whatever is considered necessary for the trip undertaken.

• Spraydecks must be worn. • It is of vital importance that boats are in good repair and buoyant. This must

be checked before each session. • An up to date weather forecast for the entire trip must be obtained and

recorded which must include sea states in the area to be used. • The LOEP must plan prior to trip using e.g. maps, sea charts and tidal

information


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Kayaking on rivers

• At least 2 throw lines (floating) carried by two different people • An additional knife • A repair kit • Spare paddles (splits) • Spare clothes e.g. thermals • Containers for carrying spare gear, B.D.H., aquasacs etc. These must be

distributed amongst the OEP’s. • The LOEP should add to this list whatever is considered necessary for the trip

undertaken • Recent weather conditions should be considered and the water level of the

river must be assessed for suitability. • Swim lines should be fitted to each craft. • River trips must not include sections of grade 3 or above without prior

permission of the Activities Manager. Minimum qualification for staff; Inland Sheltered

• Level 2 Kayak Coach or Level 2 UKCC Moderate

• Level 3 Kayak Coach Large

• Level 3 Kayak Coach Advanced

• Level 4 Kayak Coach Sea Sheltered

• Level 2 Kayak Coach with 4 star sea or Level 3 Coach Training (Sea) Moderate

• Level 3 Coach (Sea) Coastal

• Level 4 Coach (Sea) Open

• Level 4 Coach (Sea)


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Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Sheltered Water

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Moderate water and above

• 2:4 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP) Advanced Water / Coastal / Open Sea

• should be discussed with the Activities Manager and be in line with BCU recommendations and client requirements.

Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body


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Open Canoeing The use of a canoe on lochs, canals, rivers and the sea. This craft is generally undecked and propelled by a single bladed paddle but may also be propelled by sail, pole, etc.

• OEP’s must be aware of the swimming abilities of the group and should decide on the choice of venues accordingly.

• Buoyancy aids and must be worn at all times on the water. • Buoyancy aids must meet with the appropriate standards (BS EN 393, 50

Newton minimum) • Helmets must be carried and accessible by all participants • No unsupervised paddling can be allowed. • OEP’s must have knowledge of the area/water to be used, and the skills to

deal with any situation that could reasonably be anticipated. • Expected weather/tidal conditions must to be checked and recorded. • The Canoeist Code of Conduct must be followed. • OEP’s must have at least one instantly accessible tow line/method of towing

and a release system. • Suitable spare clothes (e.g. thermals) must be readily available. • A sharp knife must be carried by each OEP. • Boats must be fitted with floating painters that are at least 2 m long. • Boats must be in good repair, with sufficient buoyancy to keep a boat afloat

when full of water. • A suitable bailer or means of emptying out a swamped canoe must be carried. • All of the group should be thoroughly briefed about

o the aims and objectives of the session o the equipment to provide for themselves o the equipment that will/may be provided for them o how to use the equipment o any hazards to be encountered during the session o group conduct at all times including breaks

Areas for Open Canoeing Definitions Inland

• Sheltered inland water - canals, small lochs, suitable sections of larger lochs, very slow moving rivers.

• Moderate water - rivers up to Grade II, large lochs • Large Inland Waters - lakes, lochs and other large bodies of inland water

(non-tidal) that are more than 100 m wide at any point along their length. • Advanced water - rivers above Grade II:


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Group Safety Equipment – (this should be viewed as the minimum equipment requirement. Other factors will dictate adaptations to this list). This equipment must be in waterproof containers


Additional Equipment

• spare paddles (splits) • a repair kit • Flares; minimum of 1 smoke (red) and 1 strobe. • relevant charts/maps • a compass • Containers for carrying spare gear, B.D.H., aquasacs etc. These must be

distributed amongst the OEP’s. The LOEP should add to this list whatever is considered necessary for the trip undertaken.

Open Canoeing on rivers

• At least 2 throw lines (floating) carried by two different people • An additional knife • A repair kit • Spare paddles (splits) • Spare clothes e.g. thermals • Containers for carrying spare gear, B.D.H., aquasacs etc. These must be

distributed amongst the OEP’s. • The LOEP should add to this list whatever is considered necessary for the trip

undertaken • Recent weather conditions should be considered and the water level of the

river must be assessed for suitability. • Swim lines must be fitted to each craft. • River trips must not include sections of grade 3 or above without prior

permission of the Activities Manager.


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Minimum qualification for staff; Inland Sheltered

• Level 2 Canoe Coach or Level 2 UKCC Moderate

• Level 3 Canoe Coach Large

• Level 3 Canoe Coach Advanced

• Level 4 Canoe Coach Ratios – only the minimum requirement is shown. Other factors may dictate an increase in numbers or qualifications (seek advice from the Activities Manager). Sheltered Water

• 2:6 (1xLOEP and 1xCompetent Second) Moderate water and above

• 2:4 (1xLOEP and 1xOEP) Advanced Water

• should be discussed with the Activities Manager and be in line with BCU recommendations and client requirements.

Outdoor Education Practitioners should only be taking clients to locations

that fall within their remit as set by the national governing body


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Open Canoe Rafting Open canoes are sometimes used to build rafts. In these instances it is important to ensure that they are rafted firmly together, using spar poles tied firmly at right angles to the canoes with a strong lashing. The poles must be frequently checked to ensure the lashings are tight enough to prevent slipping. In addition: The use of such rafts must be restricted to sheltered waters (less than 100 m wide), where egress is not restricted by fast flowing currents, rocks, or other obstacles, at any point.

• Care must be taken not to overload the craft. A maximum of 3 people per canoe is reasonable.

• Clear procedures on the following must be established and practised where necessary:

• Action to be taken should a person go overboard • Manoeuvring whole craft using paddles • Balancing the craft • When sailing; collapsing the sail and stopping • The LOEP must assess the strength of the wind. If it is impossible to paddle

up wind the activity should not be attempted. • A throw line must be available and ready for immediate throwing should a

person go overboard. • When sailing, no one must wrap any sheeting rope around any part of their

body. The sheet may be taken once around a fixed pole or thwart to increase friction.

• Only after a crew of participants has satisfied the LOEP of their competence should they be allowed to paddle or sail independently.

• All OEP’s who are acting as safety cover must carry a readily accessible knife.

Note: When rafting together in an emergency or as a means of completing a trip (e.g. through tiredness) during a normal canoe session, then due care should be taken as to ensure boats will not fold!


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Outdoor Specific Health Risks Outdoor Education Practitioners should be aware that participants involved in Outdoor Activities can occasionally be exposed to health risks not normally encountered in every day life by the majority of the population. Because the risk from these diseases and toxins is so slight and because this may cause needless alarm or may be misunderstood by our clients we do not require that all are notified of them in advance. These risks include

• Weil's disease • Lyme’s disease • Blue-green algal toxins

All Outdoor Education Practitioners should ensure they have good knowledge of these diseases and their symptoms. The procedure is to ensure that normal hygiene practices are followed. To this end the following regulations will apply to all participants

• Participants in potentially wet activities will be briefed to ensure that all cuts and abrasions are covered.

• Participants will be advised that they should wash or shower as soon as practicable after participation particularly after "wet" activities and before eating food.

• Equipment that is wet or muddy should be rinsed as soon as practicable after use.

• Participants should be advised not to wear jewellery. Participants displaying the following or any unusual symptoms after participating in Outdoor Education activity should seek medical advice immediately!

• flu like symptoms • a red ring or rash around a tick bite

NB Tick bites should be recorded on a IMPACT Adventure Incident Report form.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES - IMPACT Adventureimpactadventure.co.uk/files/SOPDOC_Rev006.pdf · Procedure’ document and are the basis for the Standard Operating Procedures contained

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